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Pronunciation in a second language (L2) is often influenced by the first language (L1), which can hinder intelligibility. Indonesian speakers struggle with certain English sounds, such as /θ/ and /ð/, due to their absence in the L1 phonetic system. To identify the influence of L1 on L2 pronunciation in the context of English language learning in Indonesia and propose strategies to reduce negative transfer effects. This qualitative study used a case study approach, involving 9 students from an English club at XYZ School. A pronunciation test was conducted to measure phonetic transfer between L1 and L2. Results show that L1 phonetic transfer causes errors in specific phonemes. Words with higher phonetic complexity are more challenging to pronounce correctly. Negative phonetic transfer and a lack of prosodic training were identified as major obstacles. Context-based and intensive phonetic training significantly improves pronunciation skills. L2 pronunciation errors are strongly influenced by L1, phonetic complexity, and individual experience. Contextual learning and individualized approaches positively impact pronunciation improvement.

This study aims to analyze the impact of ownership structure and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the profitability and firm value of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Utilizing the latest data from annual reports published between 2021 and 2023, this research employs multiple regression analysis to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that (1) ownership structure has a positive and significant effect on the firm's profitability, indicating that diversified ownership can enhance financial performance; (2) corporate social responsibility positively and significantly influences profitability, suggesting that companies engaged in CSR initiatives tend to be more profitable; (3) ownership structure does not have a significant impact on firm value, indicating that other factors may be more dominant in market valuation; (4) corporate social responsibility positively and significantly affects firm value, implying that investment in CSR can enhance positive investor perceptions; and (5) specifically, corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant impact on the firm value in the manufacturing sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. These findings emphasize the importance of sound ownership strategies and a commitment to social responsibility as key factors in enhancing both profitability and firm value.

This latah trend phenomenon is inseparable from the development of the television entertainment world in comedy shows in Indonesia, which considers the disorder of latah speech to be something funny among the younger generation. So, students consider someone who is latah in class to be something that is considered funny. This study aimed to identify the echopraxia latah speech disorder in elementary school teacher education students with a psycholinguistic approach. This research method uses the Milles and Huberman model content analysis method with data collection techniques conducting observations, interviews, and documentation on students of the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program at Esa Unggul University. The study results from three students who experienced echopraxia latah disorders. The sounds produced were categorized as moderate and caused noise during the learning process in class. This is because the noise created in the classroom is not from the latah utterances issued but because of the response of the classroom environment, which makes it noisy because someone who experiences echopraxia latah disorders does not only repeat their words but is followed by latah movements that are spoken. The causes of echopraxia latah disorders include spontaneity, daydreaming, being surprised when talking and being surprised from behind.

This study analyzes noise levels caused by traffic activities and generator sets (genset) in the Semarang University environment. Measurements were conducted using descriptive analytical methods by comparing measurement results against noise quality standards according to KepmenLH No.48 of 1996. Data collection was carried out in November 2023 at three location points (in front of Building V, Sports Center, and USM gate) during morning (08.00-08.30), afternoon (12.30-13.00), and evening (17.30-18.00) on weekdays and weekends. Measurement results showed traffic noise levels on weekdays reached 88.3 dB in front of the Sports Center, 85.3 dB at Building V, and 82.1 dB at the USM gate. On weekends, the highest noise level reached 82 dB. Generator noise measurements in stationary conditions reached 108.4 dB and increased to 112.4 dB during loading. The highest vehicle volume occurred during weekday evenings, reaching 3,176 vehicles/hour. Research results indicate that noise levels in the campus environment are above the permitted threshold of 55 dB for educational areas. The study recommends the construction of noise barriers and evaluation of generator placement to reduce noise impact on campus activities.

This study aims to analyze the effect of waiting time on patient satisfaction undergoing ultrasound examinations at Kertha Usada Buleleng General Hospital. A quantitative survey method was employed, involving 50 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire measuring waiting time and patient satisfaction levels. The results indicate that the average waiting time is 90 minutes, and there is a significant negative correlation between waiting time and patient satisfaction (r = -0.58, p < 0.05). Approximately 80% of patients reported being satisfied or sufficiently satisfied, while 20% expressed dissatisfaction. The study concludes that improved management of waiting times and enhanced service quality are essential for increasing patient satisfaction. Recommendations for the hospital include developing a more efficient waiting time management system and improving communication with patients.

Sundanese song pagerageungan is a traditional art originating from Tasikmalaya district. The xylophone accompaniment pattern in the Sundanese song art Pagerageungan plays a very important role in creating an atmosphere and strengthening the message contained in the song lyrics. The xylophone, as a traditional Sundanese instrument made from wooden blades, produces a distinctive sound and has a dual function as a rhythm regulator as well as adding melodic nuances to the song. The xylophone accompaniment pattern in this song is not only rhythmic, but also often has a melodic character that beautifies the song's strains. This gambang accompaniment pattern has 3 parts, namely merean, cacagan and geumbyang. The aims of this research are: (1) to find out the xylophone accompaniment pattern in the Sundanese pagerageungan song art (2) to find out the function of the xylophone accompaniment pattern in the Pagerageungan Sundanese song art. The method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. The techniques used in this research are observation, interview and documentation techniques. The main instrument in this research is the research itself using tools in the form of field notes and recording tools in the form of cellphones.

The topic of this research is language ambiguity that is often spoken by every student in English Literature A class of 2024 at Medan State University. This research aims to answer "what types of language ambiguity are often spoken by students in their communication on everyday classes?". This research applies Kent Bach's theory of language ambiguity to answer this question, this theory is relevant to help this research. The method used in this research is qualitative research and also observation to each suspect in daily life in the classroom. To clarify what kind of language ambiguity is often spoken in the daily life of English Literature A students class of 2024, the researcher provides some sentences that look and sound "ambiguous" that have been spoken by students in their daily life in class. The results of this study are expected to provide new insights into how language ambiguity is used, either consciously or unconsciously, in students' daily interactions.

This study aims to examine the effect of a positive work environment on customer satisfaction through the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) in MSMEs in Cikarang. A positive work environment is measured through [light, sound, etc.]. Customer satisfaction is measured through [conformity to expectations, interest in returning, etc.]. The research method used is quantitative by distributing questionnaires. The results of the study are expected to contribute to the development of a more effective TQM strategy in improving company performance.

This study examines the toponymy of hamlets in Panggungharjo village located in Bantul district, Yogyakarta. This study aims to understand the meaning, origin of the names of hamlets in Panggungharjo village, their morphological processes and their implications in the context of local culture. Using qualitative methods, this study collected data through interviews with community leaders and through existing literature reviews. This study also does not exclude information from the official village website. This study found that the naming of hamlets in Panggungharjo village showed the influence of reflection of the manifestation aspect found in five hamlets and the societal aspect found in nine hamlets. This study also found morphological processes that occurred in the toponymy of hamlets in Panggungharjo village, namely affixation, repetition (reduplication), compounding, abbreviation (acronym), and changes in sounds, both vowels and consonants. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between culture and naming, namely culture is one of the factors influencing the naming of hamlets in Panggungaharjo sub-district.

Sundanese culture is one of Indonesia's rich and unique cultures. Sundanese culture is known as a culture that upholds high manners. Sundanese has very diverse arts, for example pupuh, pupuh can be categorized as one of the Sundanese arts. Pupuh is an inseparable part of Sundanese tradition and culture, so preserving it means preserving cultural heritage. Pupuh is also a traditional poetic work in Sundanese literature that has characteristics that have certain rules such as the number of syllables (guru wilangan), the final sound of the word (guru lagu), and the number of lines (pada lisan) in each stanza. In addition, pupuh also has its own character or characteristics that distinguish it from one another. However, pupuh is not just written poetry. Pupuh is also often combined with music and dance. So that it becomes a complete art performance. Pupuh production involves creativity in word choice, rhyme and rhythm to convey a message. The themes raised in pupuh are very diverse, ranging from love, affection, life, daily life, to advice and moral teachings. Through pupuh, we can understand more about the history, customs and noble values of the Sundanese people.Pupuh kinanti and pupuh balakbak are pupuh in Sundanese literature. Pupuh kinanti is a pupuh known for its expression of affection. The characteristic of pupuh kinanti lies in its guru wilangan and guru lagunya. While pupuh balakbak is a pupuh that is more inclined to the theme of humor, satire, and even social criticism. The language used is more relaxed and straightforward, has a different guru song and guru wilangan from kinanti. The basic difference between pupuh kinanti and balakbak lies in the theme, atmosphere, and social function. Pupuh kinanti is more introspective and explores inner feelings while pupuh balakbak is more extroverted and functions as a means of entertainment.Besides being a form of self-expression, pupuh also has social functions such as education, entertainment, and cultural preservation. Pupuh has developed over time, both in terms of form and content. Pupuh is not only present in literary works, but also in the daily life of the Sundanese community, for example in folk songs or rhymes.

This study aims to analyze phonological and morphological errors in lifestyle column articles of the Kabar Priangan newspaper, September-October 2024 edition. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research identifies and classifies the language errors found. Data is collected through observation and note-taking techniques, where the researcher records every phonological and morphological error that appears in the text. The analysis results show various types of errors, including phoneme omission, phoneme addition, phoneme sound changes, affix usage errors, word compounding, and unnecessary word repetition. This study provides insights into the causes of errors and their impact on reader comprehension, as well as offers recommendations for improving language use in online media.

This study aims to analyze phonological and morphological errors in lifestyle column articles of the Kabar Priangan newspaper, September-October 2024 edition. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research identifies and classifies the language errors found. Data is collected through observation and note-taking techniques, where the researcher records every phonological and morphological error that appears in the text. The analysis results show various types of errors, including phoneme omission, phoneme addition, phoneme sound changes, affix usage errors, word compounding, and unnecessary word repetition. This study provides insights into the causes of errors and their impact on reader comprehension, as well as offers recommendations for improving language use in online media.

Patimban Port is a national strategic project supported by various infrastructures, one of which is the Temporary Office of KSOP Class 2 Patimban, built using a modular prefabricated construction system. This study aims to analyze the architectural design and building materials, as well as assess its functionality in supporting port operations. Through a qualitative method with descriptive analysis, this research reveals that the use of materials such as sandwich panels and lightweight steel provides efficiency in terms of durability and thermal insulation, although challenges related to acoustic insulation remain. The applied ventilation and lighting systems support user comfort but can still be improved. Overall, this Temporary Office significantly contributes to operational efficiency at the port with an estimated service life of 10-15 years, although improvements in areas such as sound insulation and the development of permanent facilities are needed.

Tarawangsa is a traditional musical instrument from West Java that has distinctive sound characteristics and is often used in various traditional ritual ceremonies. However, in the modern era, the younger generation's interest in this cultural heritage has begun to fade due to the dominating influence of contemporary music. The purpose of writing this report is to explain the application of L Cut and J Cut editing techniques in the video feature Merangkai Tradisi dan Eksplorasi Modern Tarawangsa Sumedang and to introduce and preserve Tarawangsa music through collaboration with modern music that can attract the attention of the younger generation without losing its traditional essence. The method of creating this video feature includes three stages, namely the pre-production stage or designing and planning the work, the production stage or recording visual and narrative elements, and the post-production stage or editing and finalizing the work. The result of the application of these techniques is a video that is not only visually appealing, but also able to convey messages effectively about the preservation of Tarawangsa music. In conclusion, the use of L Cut and J Cut in the video feature Merangkai Tradisi dan Eksplorasi Modern Tarawangsa Sumedang can convey the message of culture, history, and preservation of the Tarawangsa Arts in a more dynamic and fun way.

The study intends to define the idea of joint auditing, its significance and goals, and the allocation of audit responsibilities from the start of the audit process to the joint report's writing. It also seeks to elucidate the function of joint auditing in enhancing the caliber of the attributes of accounting data, which helps to provide high-quality information that benefits management and the beneficiaries of that information to make sound decisions that benefit the development of the institution's work for management and owners on the one hand and benefit investors on the other hand, as the study sample included a group of auditors In Iraq by creating and designing a questionnaire form and presenting it to a panel of arbitrators; data analysis was conducted using the statistical analysis software SPSS; and the findings were examined, an important role was reached for joint auditing in improving accounting information and the study recommended the need to adopt this type of audit method that increases users' confidence in accounting information.

The problems in this research are inappropriate sound production techniques, such as still using chest breathing when singing, inappropriate intonation, unclear articulation, and inappropriate phrasing or sentence breaks in songs. This research aims to determine and describe efforts to improve choir abilities in class VII2 of SMP Negeri 42 Padang using the drill method. This research is classroom action research using the Kemmis and Mc Taggart model which was carried out in two cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely: a) planning, b) implementation, c) observation and d) reflection. The results of this research indicate that the use of the drill method in the choir learning process in the choir team in class VII2 of SMP Negeri 42 Padang can improve students' ability to sing in a choir. This can be proven by obtaining an average score from the singing evaluation results. The average value obtained was pre-cycle 65%, cycle I 70.23%, and cycle II 75.71%.

This study aims to describe and analyze the phenomenon of phoneme transfer in Indonesian speech by Makassar speakers in Mangempang Village, Bungaya District, Gowa Regency. It focuses on identifying types of phoneme changes—substitution, omission, and addition—resulting from interference by the Makassar language as the speakers’ mother tongue. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data consist of words or phrases uttered by Makassar speakers when using Indonesian, which reflect phonological variation. Data were collected through observation, recording, and note-taking techniques. Analysis techniques include identification, classification, description, and conclusion drawing. The results show that three types of phonological variation were identified. In terms of substitution, phoneme changes include: /k/ to /s/, /b/ and /k/ to /t/, /i/ to /e/, /l/ to /k/, /f/ to /p/, and diphthongs /ai/ to /e/ and /au/ to /o/. Additions include inserting a glottal stop [?] at word-final positions, adding /n/ and /m/ to form /ng/, and lengthening or emphasizing syllables. Omissions involve abbreviations, dropping certain phonemes, or replacing them with different sounds. These findings illustrate how native language interference affects the phonological structure of Indonesian spoken by the Makassar-speaking community in this region.

This article explores the role of balaghah in uncovering the linguistic beauty of the Qur’an, particularly in relation to its structural arrangement, semantic depth, and aesthetic qualities. The study adopts a qualitative design based on library research, drawing data from selected Qur’anic verses and scholarly works on balaghah. Data analysis is conducted using a descriptive-analytical method by examining the three core branches of balaghah, namely ma’ani, bayan, and badi’. The analysis shows that ma’ani contributes to highlighting the appropriateness and effectiveness of sentence structures in accordance with context and communicative intent, while bayan reveals deeper layers of meaning through various rhetorical expressions and figurative styles. Meanwhile, badi’ enhances the aesthetic dimension of the Qur’anic text by emphasizing sound harmony, stylistic balance, and semantic refinement. The integration of these three elements demonstrates that Qur’anic language possesses a holistic beauty that is not merely decorative but also functional, strengthening the delivery of divine messages both semantically and aesthetically.

Noise in educational environments can affect the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes. This study aims to analyze the impact of traffic noise on teaching and learning activities in Building V of Semarang University, located along the Soekarno-Hatta arterial road. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach by measuring noise levels using a Sound Level Meter on six floors of the building. Measurements were taken during active lecture hours with time intervals of 3 x 30 minutes. The results showed that noise levels on floors 1 to 3 were above the educational environment quality standard of 55 dB according to KepMenLH No. 48 of 1996. Meanwhile, on the 6th floor, the noise level averaged around 55 dB. Excessive noise makes it difficult for students to hear lecturers' explanations, reduces their ability to capture information, and decreases learning material retention. To address these issues, sound insulation installation, spatial planning improvements by designing room layouts farther from noise sources, vegetation planting, and lecture rescheduling to avoid peak traffic times are necessary.

This study was conducted in the laboratories of Samarra Teaching Hospital and some private laboratories in the city of Samarra in salah aldiyn  Governorate for a period from 1/8/2024 to 1/9/2024, where the study included (50) samples of women of reproductive age, ranging in age from (20-40) years, and were distributed into two groups: Patient group: (30) samples were from female patients with PCOS, Control group: (20) samples of healthy women. The pathological cases of women suffering from PCOS were confirmed after conducting clinical examinations and referring them to the specialist doctor and performing an ultrasound examination. after that, blood was taken from both groups (patients and healthy women) and separated using a centrifuge. Then the  sex hormones Luting hormone -LH, Folic stimulating hormone-FSH, and some biochemical variables, which included (Vascular endothelial growth factor-VEGF , Irisin, Copeptin). The results of the this study  showed a significant rise in each of the hormones (LH. FSH, Testosterone ,Copeptin, VEGF) and a significant low in (Irisin) in the blood serum of women infected with PCOS compered a healthy women , with a probability of P ≤ 0.05.