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High-quality forage selection is a central factor in improving Bali cattle performance, particularly in smallholder systems that rely heavily on local feed resources. This study evaluated the effects of odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) and pakchong grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Thailand) on feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of male Bali cattle. The experiment was conducted for 30 days from February to March 2026 at CV. RnB Farm, Gorontalo Regency. Nine male Bali cattle with relatively homogeneous initial body weights of 150–200 kg was assigned to a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments were P0, field grass as the control; P1, 100% odot grass plus concentrate; and P2, 100% pakchong grass plus concentrate. Dry matter intake did not differ significantly among treatments, with values of 6.47 ± 0.19, 6.52 ± 0.19, and 6.55 ± 0.16 kg/head/day for P0, P1, and P2, respectively. In contrast, average daily gain differed significantly, with the highest value observed in P2 at 0.56 ± 0.08 kg/head/day, followed by P1 at 0.52 ± 0.09 kg/head/day and P0 at 0.45 ± 0.06 kg/head/day. Feed conversion ratio also differed significantly, with the most efficient value recorded in P2 at 11.98 ± 2.10. These findings indicate that pakchong grass combined with concentrate provides the best feed efficiency and growth performance, while odot grass remains a promising alternative forage for improving Bali cattle productivity.

This study examines the role of extension agents in supporting the success of beef cattle farmer groups in Tabongo District, Gorontalo Regency. The success of farmer groups is influenced not only by livestock potential, but also by the effectiveness of extension services, institutional capacity, and farmers’ willingness to adopt improved farming practices. Using an explanatory approach, the study collected primary data from 50 members of beef cattle farmer groups across nine villages through a Likert-scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression. The descriptive findings show that extension agents performed well as educators, facilitators, motivators, dynamizers, and catalysts. However, the catalyst role was excluded from the regression model because its indicators were invalid. Partially, only the motivator role had a significant effect on group success, with a coefficient of 1.683, t-value of 4.758, and significance value of 0.000. The educator, facilitator, and dynamizer roles showed positive but insignificant effects. Simultaneously, the roles of extension agents significantly influenced group success, with an F-value of 9.474 and significance value of 0.000. The R Square value of 0.457 indicates that extension agents explained 45.7% of group success.

This research aims to discuss online marketing strategies and service quality as well as their impact on post-pandemic cosmetic sales at the Abigail Shop, Sintang Regency. This study applies a qualitative-descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation and analysis of various documents. Subjects consist of business owners, employees and customers. The validity of the data was tested through Technical Triangulation. Research findings show that Abigail Store's use of Instagram as a digital marketing tool is effective in increasing market reach and attracting customer interest with various creative content, including photos, videos, promotions and testimonials from customers. Apart from that, the direct message and WhatsApp features function to facilitate communication and transactions between sellers and buyers. This research also confirms that high service quality is directly related to customer satisfaction which then results in the frequency of repeat purchases. The increase in sales of Toko Abigail's cosmetic products after the pandemic can be attributed to an effective combination of digital marketing strategies and consistent, high-quality service standards. This study aims to be a reference for business owners in optimizing marketing methods through digital media, while maintaining service quality amidst the rapid development of information technology.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in the economy and community independence. However, the great potential of home-based businesses is often hindered by administrative issues related to business legality. This research focuses on UMKM Krecek Kulit Sapi Ashif in Jatirejo Village, which has been operating since 2018 but lacks a Business Identification Number (NIB), Household Industry Food (PIRT) permit, and halal certification due to perceived complex procedures. The main objective of this activity is to strengthen business management through product standardization and obtaining legal certifications to enhance the competitiveness of this MSME. The research method used a descriptive qualitative approach with a community service method based on mentoring, including observation, in-depth interviews, and hands-on practice in managing documents through the Online Single Submission system. The results show that through phased mentoring, UMKM Krecek Kulit Sapi Ashif successfully obtained an NIB and increased the owner’s awareness of PIRT food safety standards and halal certification procedures. The impact of this activity includes meeting administrative legality and improving knowledge, confidence, and professionalism in business management. Intensive mentoring proved crucial in transforming informal businesses into formal, legally protected entities.

This study aims to analyze the inventory management practices of qurban cattle at Purnomo Sapi Mulyo Farm in Boyolali, Central Java, particularly in facing the surge in demand prior to Eid al-Adha. The research is motivated by the unique characteristics of qurban cattle inventory, which involves living assets, seasonal demand, and biological risks that differ significantly from conventional inventory management. A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design was employed to capture in-depth information regarding inventory planning, procurement, storage, and sales practices. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the business owner as the key informant, direct observation of operational activities, and documentation review. The findings reveal that inventory management at the farm is conducted in a responsive manner based on consumer orders, enabling the business to minimize overstock risks and operational costs. However, inventory recording remains manual and unstructured, potentially limiting the accuracy of cost calculation and long-term planning. Price fluctuations and supply availability are strongly influenced by the Eid al-Adha momentum, while cattle health and lead time are critical factors affecting inventory effectiveness. From a theoretical perspective, the study extends inventory management concepts to the context of live and seasonal inventory. Practically, the findings suggest that implementing a simple yet structured inventory recording system could enhance operational efficiency and decision-making accuracy in local qurban cattle farms.

This study aims to analyze in-depth the process of handling special livestock cargo agency for cattle on the MV Gloucester Express ship, as well as to identify the efforts and coordination carried out with relevant agencies to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of services while the ship is in the unloading port. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected through field research with participatory observation techniques during the fieldwork period at PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara, supported by library research to strengthen the theoretical foundation regarding ship agency management and special cargo regulations. The research findings show that the process of handling special livestock cargo agency at PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara is well-structured, involving the preparation of detailed supporting documents, starting from the ship's arrival report to its departure. The efficiency of the service heavily relies on tight coordination with port authorities (KSOP and Animal Quarantine) and compliance with applicable technical policies. However, technical obstacles were found, such as the unpreparedness of cargo documents from the shipper and coordination issues during docking. Improvement efforts are being made through enhanced digital communication and accelerated document validation before the ship's arrival to minimize waiting time at the port.

Hospitalization often triggers anxiety in children because of unfamiliar environments, invasive procedures, and disruption of daily routines. Pediatric nurses are expected to implement atraumatic care through developmentally appropriate, non‑pharmacological interventions. This community service program aimed to strengthen nurses’ and families’ skills in delivering puzzle‑based play therapy and to evaluate short‑term changes in children’s anxiety responses in the pediatric ward of Awal Bros Hospital, Batam. The program was conducted in December 2025 using an action-based approach: coordination with the ward team, preparation of graded puzzle sets and education media, bedside education for parents, and supervised play sessions. Four hospitalized children with different diagnoses (chemotherapy, childhood‑onset lupus erythematosus, febrile illness, and stoma care) participated. Anxiety was assessed before and after the session using an observation sheet and a faces anxiety scale adapted for clinical use. After a 20–30 minute session adjusted to the child’s developmental stage, all participants demonstrated lower anxiety scores and better cooperative behaviors. Caregivers also reported increased understanding of play therapy as part of holistic nursing care. Puzzle play therapy is feasible, low‑cost, and can be integrated into routine pediatric nursing to support coping during hospitalization.

This study examines the price elasticity of fresh cow’s milk on the demand for raw materials at Anisa Yoghurt Company using a demand theory approach. Milk is the main input in yoghurt production, making price fluctuations potentially influential on production decisions. The objective of this research is to analyze the responsiveness of raw milk demand to price changes and to identify the elasticity characteristics of milk demand in a small-scale food processing business. This study employs a quantitative case study method using primary data collected through weekly observations of milk prices and quantities purchased over a three-month period, from September to November. The analysis applies the midpoint elasticity formula to measure price elasticity of demand. The findings indicate that the demand for raw milk is consistently inelastic across the observed periods, as shown by elasticity values with absolute magnitudes less than one. Both price decreases and increases result in relatively small changes in the quantity demanded, indicating low sensitivity of demand to price fluctuations. These results suggest that raw milk is an essential production input, and purchasing decisions are driven more by production needs than by short-term price changes. The study implies that yoghurt producers should prioritize supply stability and production efficiency rather than adjusting purchase volumes in response to minor price changes. This research contributes empirical evidence on demand elasticity in dairy-based agro-industries, particularly at the small enterprise level.

This study aims to forecast beef prices in Palembang City and at the national level in Indonesia using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method. The data used are the monthly average beef prices for the period January 2019 to December 2024. The analysis involves stationarity tests using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), model identification through Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF) plots, parameter estimation with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), and residual diagnostics with the Ljung-Box and Jarque-Bera tests. The results show that beef prices at both regional levels are not stationary at the level but become stationary after the first differencing (I(1)). The best ARIMA models obtained are ARIMA(0,1,1) for Palembang City and ARIMA(1,1,0) for the national level. Both models successfully predict price fluctuations with a low error rate and show a moderate price increase trend. These findings provide practical implications for price stabilization policy making and beef-related business planning. The forecast results state that beef prices in Palembang City and nationally are predicted to tend to rise in 2025 from January to December.  

Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dan kapasitas peternak sapi di Kecamatan Musuk, Boyolali, melalui penerapan teknologi pencacah hijauan dan teknik fermentasi silase. Program dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan partisipatif yang melibatkan 15 peternak anggota Slamet Jaya Farm selama delapan bulan. Kegiatan meliputi perancangan dan pembuatan mesin pencacah sederhana, pelatihan teknis, demonstrasi praktik pembuatan silase, serta pendampingan berkelanjutan. Mesin pencacah yang dirancang menggunakan motor 1 HP dengan kapasitas 200 kg/jam terbukti mampu menurunkan waktu pengolahan dan menghasilkan ukuran cacahan hijauan seragam 2–5 cm. Hasil program menunjukkan bahwa 82% peserta berhasil mengoperasikan mesin dan memproduksi silase berkualitas dengan pH optimal 3,8–4,2, sedangkan 71% mulai memanfaatkan limbah pertanian sebagai bahan baku silase. Program ini membuktikan bahwa teknologi tepat guna yang dikombinasikan dengan pelatihan intensif mampu meningkatkan pengelolaan pakan dan mendukung keberlanjutan usaha peternakan sapi lokal.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of goods delivery at PT TIKI Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir (JNE) and its impact on customer satisfaction, focusing on the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) principles. The research method used is a quantitative survey with purposive sampling technique, where data is collected through questionnaires distributed to customers. The results show that the application of TQM, which includes employee involvement, continuous improvement, and customer focus, significantly enhances delivery effectiveness. Furthermore, regression analysis indicates that delivery effectiveness positively influences customer satisfaction. This study recommends that PT JNE continue to strengthen the application of TQM in its operations to improve service quality and customer satisfaction.  

This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation and work discipline on employee performance at PT Tiki Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir (JNE) Kampung Lalang, a logistics and delivery service company. Optimal employee performance is the result of a combination of internal drive (motivation) and compliance with work regulations (discipline). This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents who are operational employees at JNE Kampung Lalang. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression assisted by SPSS software. The results showed that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a coefficient value of 1.000 and a significance of 0.000. Conversely, work discipline has a negative but significant effect on employee performance with a coefficient value of -0.388 and a significance of 0.000. This finding indicates that increasing work motivation can encourage increased employee performance, while negative results from work discipline. This study emphasizes the importance of management in properly understanding the internal factors that influence performance so that the policies implemented do not have a counterproductive impact.  

Human resources are the driving force of animal husbandry in Indonesia, because the role of human resources is important and aligned with qualified work skills will create sustainable dairy farms. This Literature Review aims to examine the effect of increasing productivity and sustainability of dairy farms through optimizing human resource management. This study used a systematic review method. After collecting information from 13 SINTA accredited journals and SCOPUS indexed journals, it was found that optimizing human resource management plays an important role in realizing productivity and sustainability of dairy cows, as found in this literature review that empowering farmers by providing training, knowledge and skills is a key factor in increasing production yields that support business sustainability.

Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is one of the methods in inventory management used to determine the optimal order quantity to minimize total inventory costs, which include ordering costs and storage costs. This study aims to analyze the application of the EOQ model in managing inventory in a company. By using data on raw material usage, ordering costs, and storage costs, the results show that the application of EOQ can optimize the amount of purchases and order frequency more efficiently. The results of the analysis show that the application of the EOQ model contributes to reducing operational costs and increasing the effectiveness of stock management. Therefore, EOQ can be used as an appropriate inventory management strategy to support the efficiency and productivity of the company. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) in controlling coffee inventory at the Suteki Medan Coffee Shop to minimize total inventory costs. The EOQ method is used to determine the optimal order quantity with the most efficient cost, as well as considering safety stock, reorder point, and total inventory cost.    

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of Income Tax Article 25 (PPh 25) in increasing state tax revenue and reducing the tax burden on taxpayers. PPh 25 is a mechanism for periodic tax installment payments made by taxpayers based on estimated tax liabilities. This research adopts a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the Directorate General of Taxes’ reports, supported by questionnaires distributed to taxpayers within a specific Tax Service Office (KPP) area. The results show that the implementation of PPh 25 contributes significantly to tax revenue by encouraging taxpayer compliance and ensuring a stable cash flow for the state. Additionally, the installment system of PPh 25 helps reduce the annual tax burden on taxpayers both psychologically and administratively, as obligations are paid in stages. However, challenges remain in the accuracy of estimating tax liabilities, which can lead to overpayment or underpayment. Therefore, more intensive socialization and technical guidance are needed to improve taxpayers’ understanding and compliance with the PPh 25 mechanism.

Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is one of the methods in inventory management used to determine the optimal order quantity to minimize total inventory costs, which include ordering costs and storage costs. This study aims to analyze the application of the EOQ model in managing inventory in a company. By using data on raw material usage, ordering costs, and storage costs, the results show that the application of EOQ can optimize the amount of purchases and order frequency more efficiently. The results of the analysis show that the application of the EOQ model contributes to reducing operational costs and increasing the effectiveness of stock management. Therefore, EOQ can be used as an appropriate inventory management strategy to support the efficiency and productivity of the company. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) in controlling coffee inventory at the Suteki Medan Coffee Shop to minimize total inventory costs. The EOQ method is used to determine the optimal order quantity with the most efficient cost, as well as considering safety stock, reorder point, and total inventory cost.  

This study uses a qualitative method and starts from the title “The Role of Human Resource Management in Improving the Quality and Productivity of Cow’s Milk: A Literature Study”. This study aims to examine in depth how human resource (HR) management plays a role in improving the quality and productivity of cow’s milk through a literature review. Effective HR management, such as employee placement according to workload, ongoing training, and competency development, has been shown to increase production efficiency and the quality of cow's milk. In addition, factors such as health management, technology utilization, and work environment management are also important aspects in supporting dairy farm productivity. This literature study found that the synergy between HR management and optimization of internal resources, such as finance, technology, and physical, contributed significantly to the development of dairy farming businesses and the achievement of sustainable milk production standards. Thus, an integrated HR management strategy is needed to answer the challenges and demands of the ever-growing market in the dairy farming sector.

This research aims to analyze the role of human resource (HR) competency in increasing the productivity of cattle farming in Penungkiran Village, Pancur Batu District. This study was conducted on a farm owned by Mr. Syahdan Azis Maulana, a 25 yearold young farmer who manages 17 cows with the main aim of meeting economic needs. Through a qualitative approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews and direct observation. The research results show that HR competencies, including technical knowledge, managerial skills, and interpersonal abilities, have a significant impact on livestock productivity. Cattle sales can reach between 15 and 50 million per head, reflecting the potential for high profits if managed well. This research concludes that increasing human resource competency is a key factor in achieving optimal productivity in cattle farming.

In today's digital era, marketing through social media is becoming an increasingly popular strategy in increasing product sales. The use of digital marketing in dairy products can be through online platforms, websites and marketplaces. The purpose of writing this article is to see the effect of implementing social media digital marketing strategies on increasing cow's milk sales. This article uses a literature study research method sourced from national and international journals of previous research results. The results of the journal search found as many as 10 national journals and 5 international journals that meet the criteria set by the author. Based on the results of the review, it can be concluded that some dairy businesses have used social media (Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, etc.), but many have not utilized it as a means of product promotion and marketing. However, some businesses that have done marketing through social media, show that social media has a positive impact on increasing sales, brand awareness, and brand trust & loyalty, and effectively expanding consumer reach.

Play for early childhood is very important in the development of his personality. Playing for a child is not just filling time, but a medium for children to learn. Every form of play activity in children has a positive value for the development of their personality. However, free play is often the key to unlocking the creative talents that every human being possesses. Playing with children is useful for exploring their world, developing their competence to cope with it, and fostering their creativity. The function of play for early childhood can be used as an intervention that, if implemented properly, whether equipped with tools or without tools, will greatly assist social, emotional, cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development in general, and develop children's creativity.