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This study investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on firm value and examines the role of corporate diversification between EPU and firm value. The research utilizes data from food and beverage companies in three countries Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand covering the period from 2019 to 2023, with 530 observations from 106 companies. It employs index-based measures for EPU and corporate diversification. Data is processed using Eviews 12, with the selected regression analysis model being the Random Effect Model (REM). The results indicate that diversification has a positive and significant effect on firm value, while EPU does not have a significant influence. Additionally, diversification cannot moderate the negative effects of EPU on firm value. Control variables positively influence firm value, including dividends, debt ratio, and operating cash flow.

Pakistan is a developing country. Its transportation infrastructure mainly consists of road network. About 95% passengers and fright is transported using the road network. This high demand on road network is because of the unreliable railway system between the cities. Due to such high demand on road network the accident involvement risk of an individual is much high as compared to developed countries. This study uses a new modeling approach to estimate road safety risk for WTP.  A correlated random parameters Tobit model (heterogeneity-in-mean) is integrated with machine learning (Decision tree).  The decision tree categorizes higher-order interactions, while the model captures unobserved correlations and heterogeneity. The framework examines WTP determinants using a representative sample of 3178 road users from Pakistan. The model estimates WTP for different (fatal and severe injury) risk reductions to monetize road traffic crash costs. Results show maximum respondents are willing to support safety improvement policies. The model reveals significant WTP heterogeneity linked to perceptions of road safety and accident risk. Systematic preference heterogeneity emerges through higher-order interactions, offering insights into WTP relationships. Marginal effects highlight varying sensitivities to explanatory variables, quantifying their impact on WTP probability and magnitude. The framework provides two key contributions. It identifies public WTP determinants, emphasizing heterogeneous effects. It also helps in prioritization safety policies by understanding public sensitivity to WTP. The insights further emphasizing on the importance of road safety interventions to the specific socio-economic profiles of road users. This study offers a significant contribution to road safety improvement by providing valuable recommendations for policy makers. By integrating detailed socio-economic factors, it also addresses the urgent need for targeted traffic safety interventions in Pakistan. These findings are expected to aid policymakers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to enhance road safety and reduce the accident involvement risk effectively.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed how public services are delivered and accessed. This research examines the relationship between education levels and public awareness concerning adopting digital-based public services. In the digital transformation era, understanding the factors that influence the adoption of digital public services is crucial for improving the effectiveness of e-government implementation. This study surveyed 500 respondents from various demographic groups across multiple regions through a quantitative approach, utilizing stratified random sampling to ensure representation. The research employed a structured questionnaire and analyzed the data using multiple regression analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings reveal a significant positive correlation (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) between educational background and digital service adoption rates. Additionally, public awareness emerged as a crucial mediating factor, explaining 45% of the variance in digital service utilization patterns. The study also identified key barriers to adoption, including digital literacy gaps and accessibility challenges, particularly among lower education groups. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and public service administrators in developing targeted strategies to enhance digital service adoption. The research contributes to the growing body of literature on e-government implementation and digital transformation in public services, while offering practical recommendations for improving public service delivery in the digital age.

This study evaluates the influence of the size and rotation of the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) on the Maqashid Sharia Performance (MSP) in Islamic banks in 12 member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in Asia. Using data from 49 Islamic banks during the 2021-2023 period accessed through annual reports, the analysis was carried out using a Random Effect Model (REM). Independent variables include SSB size, which is measured by the number of members, and SSB rotation, which is assessed based on member turnover in a year. MSP is measured using the Maqashid Sharia Index with the Abu Zahrah approach involving the dimensions of education, community welfare, and public interest. The results showed that the size and rotation of SSB did not have a significant influence on MSP. These findings indicate weaknesses in Islamic banking governance in OIC member countries, including a suboptimal SSB recruitment system and a lack of effective supervision from high-level Islamic authorities. In addition, the contribution of independent variables to MSP performance is considered low, so it is concluded that other factors, such as SSB experience, sharia internal control system, and regulatory policies, can have a more significant influence.

This research aims to see the effect of the project based learning model on the ability to understand concepts in fraction material in fourth grade elementary school. This type of research is a quantitative approach and uses a quasi-experiment method. The design in this study was a nonequivalent control group design, namely using two classes, namely class IVB as the experimental class and IVA as the control class which was obtained randomly. The experimental class will be given PjBL learning model treatment and the control class will receive conventional treatment. This study gave a pre-test to both classes before giving treatment to both classes and gave a post-test to the class after receiving treatment. Based on the results of the hypothesis test data analysis that the researchers carried out, significant independent t-test results obtained for the initial and final values ​​of the experimental class and control class were 0.027. Based on these results, a significant value of 0.027 <0.05 was obtained, so Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the project based learning model on the ability to understand concepts in fraction material in class IV elementary school.

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally, necessitating effective predictive systems. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of various machine learning (ML) models—Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Classifier (SVC), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)—in predicting heart disease using publicly available health data. The study involved pre-processing data, training models, and evaluating them using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and G-Mean metrics. The results show that KNN is the most reliable model, with the highest accuracy of 92%. Significant health features were identified, such as chest pain type and maximum heart rate. The study contributes to improving clinical decision support systems by identifying optimal ML models for heart disease prediction.

Examining how tax avoidance, company size, and financial performance affect stock values is the aim of this study. A thorough analysis of the 2021-2023 financial statements of infrastructure companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) was conducted in order to support this study. Employing a purposive sampling methodology, the sample for this research comprised 22 infrastructure firms.Every selected entity that serves as a research sample provides the secondary data used in this study through its financial statement. To elucidate financial performance, this research utilized the following variables: Current Ratio (X1a), Debt-to-equity Ratio (X1b), Total Asset Turnover (X1c), Return on Equity (X1d), Price-earnings Ratio (X1e), and Company Size (X2) as the second independent variable, alongside Tax Avoidance (X3) as the third independent variable. The research methodology employed in this study was the panel data regression approach, utilizing the E-views 12 software to facilitate the analysis of the research outcomes. The result of the research suggest that the Random Effect Model (REM) constitutes the most efficacious analytical framework. Furthermore, the findings of the study reveal that, while the other variables did not exert an influence on stock price, both the Return-on-equity Ratio (X1d) and Company Size (X2) significantly impacted stock price.  

This study aims to determine the influence of Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership and Sales Growth. The population of this study is companies in the Non-Cyclicals Customer Sector  sub-sector Food and Beverage on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2019-2023. The population in this study is 84 research companies, this study uses a data sample of 9 companies within a period of 5 years. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling. This research is a qualitative research that uses classical assumption tests and multiple linear regression analysis. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of financial statements. Data analysis used multiple regression analysis processed using the Econometric Views (EViews) program 12. The data analysis technique used in this study is panel data regression with a random effect model. The results of this study show that institutional ownership, managerial ownership and sales growth have a significant effect on the value of companies in the consumer non-cyclicals sub-sector food and beverage sector. Managerial ownership has a significant effect on company value while institutional ownership has no effect on company value, sales growth has no effect on company value  in the consumer non-cyclicals sub-sector food and beverage sector.    

This study aims to explore the influence of work motivation, leadership style, and compensation on employee performance at Rumah Sakit Advent Bandung. With a total population of 720 employees, the study uses a simple random sampling technique to select a sample of 88 respondents, deemed sufficiently representative. Data collection is conducted through a Likert-scale questionnaire designed to capture respondents' perceptions of work motivation, leadership style, and compensation variables. To ensure data quality, the instrument's validity is tested through factor analysis, and its reliability is measured using Cronbach’s Alpha to guarantee consistency in results. Hypothesis testing is carried out using classical assumption tests and multiple linear regression analysis via SPSS version 27.The results reveal that work motivation and compensation have a positive and significant impact on employee performance, indicating that higher motivation and compensation are associated with improved employee performance. In contrast, leadership style does not show a significant effect on employee performance, possibly due to varying perceptions of the role of leadership within this organizational context. Collectively, work motivation, leadership style, and compensation variables have a significant effect on employee performance. The obtained R Square value of 0.309 indicates that 30.9% of the variation in employee performance can be explained by these three variables, while the remaining 69.1% is influenced by other factors outside this model, such as work environment, organizational culture, or other individual factors. These findings provide valuable insights for management in designing strategies to enhance employee performance.

This study was motivated by the low understanding of mathematical concepts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi. Based on the results of the documentation study, the percentage of students with daily test scores below the 55 criterion ranged from 50% to 81%. Observations and interviews revealed that learning was still dominated by teachers, while students were less active in the learning process. This study aims to determine the significant effect of the Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model on students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This experimental study used the Static Group Comparison Design. The population of the study was class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi in the 2021/2022 academic year consisting of 127 students from 4 classes. The sample was taken randomly, with class VIII1 as the experimental class and VIII2 as the control class. The research instrument was a mathematical concept understanding test. The results of data analysis using the t-test showed a calculated t value > t table (3.269 > 1.67) at a significance level of 0.05. From SPSS, a significant value of 0.02 <0.05 was obtained so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant influence of the NHT learning model on the understanding of mathematical concepts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi.    

Mathematics plays an important role in everyday life, including in the development of human thinking power, science, and technology, although it seems unreal and abstract. This study aims to determine the Effect of the Flipped Classroom Learning Model on Numeracy Literacy of Class VIII Students of Gajah Mada Private Middle School. The methodology of this study uses a quantitative quasi-experimental research type with a posttest in two classes. The population of this study were students of class VIII A, VIII B, VIII C at Gajah Mada Private Middle School with a total of 80 students. The sample in this study was class VIII B, and VIII C. The data sampling technique was carried out using the cluster random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out with a posttest in both classes. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that "The Effect of the Flipped Classroom Learning Model on Numeracy Literacy of Class VIII Students of Gajah Mada Private Middle School". The data of this study are quantitative data obtained from the numeracy literacy test. Data analysis using the t-test. The results of the data analysis show that the ability of numeracy literacy in the Flipped Classroom learning model is higher than numeracy literacy without using the Flipped Classroom learning model. Thus, the flipped class learning model has an effect on students' numeracy literacy.    

Customer churn prediction models have become an important tool in the telecommunications industry to reduce churn rates and improve customer retention. This research focuses on building an accurate customer churn prediction model using machine learning algorithms for TELCO Company. By applying diverse feature engineering techniques and prediction models such as RandomForestClassifier, DecisionTreeClassifier, and XGBoost, this study showcases a significant improvement in prediction accuracy compared to previously implemented rule-based methods. The findings of this research allow TELCO Company to identify high-risk customers more effectively and implement targeted retention strategies. Results show that the resulting model can identify customers at risk of churn more effectively, enabling more targeted retention actions..

This research aims to test the effect brand image, advertising and product quality on customer loyalty with brand community as an intervening variable. The study was conducted on AREI members outdoor community in East Priangan. Sampling is carried out using techniques propotioned stratified random sampling, with a sample size of 250, spread across store Tasikmalaya and Garut. The research instrument used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The analysis technique used is structural equation modeling with the smartPLS application. The results of this research show that 1) Brand image, advertising, products, brand community and customer loyalty, in excellent condition; 2) Brand image, advertising and product quality have a positive and significant effect on brand community; 3) Brand image, advertising and product quality have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty; 4) Brand community positive and significant effect on customer loyalty; 5) Brand image, advertising and product quality influence customer loyalty through the brand community.  

This study aims to see the extent of the influence of Working environment and Rewards on Employee Performance with Teamwork as an intervening variable. The sample selection technique used random sampling and obtained 140 samples. The data analysis technique uses Structural Equition Modeling (SEM) Analysis with Partial Least Square (PLS). Based on the results of the research and hypothesis testing that has been carried out, the results of the study can be concluded that the Working environment has a positive and significant effect on Teamwork at PT. Bank Nagari Padang. Rewards have a positive and significant effect on Teamwork at PT. Bank Nagari Padang. The working environment has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at PT. Bank Nagari Padang. Rewards have a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at PT. Bank Nagari Padang. Teamwork does not have a significant effect on Employee Performance at PT. Bank Nagari Padang. The working environment does not have a significant effect on Employee Performance through Teamwork as an intervention at PT. Bank Nagari Padang. Rewards do not have a significant effect on Employee Performance through Teamwork as an intervention in PT. Bank Nagari Padang.

The main objective of this study was to determine the extent to which students' critical thinking skills can be improved through the implementation of a guided inquiry learning model based on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). This study used a quasi-experimental approach with a post-test only control group design. The study population consisted of 5 classes with a total of 190 students. From this population, the researcher took a sample of 68 students through a simple random sampling technique. The sample was then divided into two groups, namely 34 students for the experimental class and 34 students for the control class. The research instrument was a critical thinking skills test consisting of 20 objective, reasoned questions. The research data were analyzed using a t-test. Based on the calculation results, the t-value was 3.792, while the t-table value at a significance level of 0.05 was 2.037. This indicates that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Thus, there is a significant difference between the critical thinking skills of students who participated in learning with a guided inquiry model based on ESD compared to conventional learning. In addition, the improvement in critical thinking skills was also analyzed through the N-Gain calculation. The results showed that the experimental class achieved a 65% improvement, categorized as moderate, while the control class achieved a 59% improvement, also categorized as moderate. These findings indicate that guided inquiry learning integrated with ESD principles provides a more effective way to foster students' critical thinking skills compared to traditional methods. Therefore, ESD-based guided inquiry learning can be an alternative, innovative learning strategy to improve the quality of the learning process in secondary schools.

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional model that utilizes problems as a starting point for acquiring and integrating new knowledge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on improving students' learning outcomes on the topic of light properties in eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Karanganyar during the 2022/2023 academic year. This research employed a quasi-experimental approach using a Randomized Control-Group Posttest-Only Design. Data collection methods included the administration of questionnaires, pretests and posttests, and oral interviews. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning model significantly influences students' learning outcomes on the topic of light properties. This is indicated by the t-test results, where tcount = 2.064 and ttable = 2.006 with df = 52. Since tcount > ttable (2.064 > 2.006), the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. These findings demonstrate that the Problem-Based Learning model has a significant positive effect on students' learning outcomes in the topic of light properties among eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Karanganyar during the 2022/2023 academic year.

The purpose of this study was to determine how much the positive and significant effect of the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Model by PAK Teachers on the Learning Motivation of Students of SMP Negeri 2 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency in the 2023/2024 Learning Year. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method with inferential statistical approach. The population was all VIII grade students at SMP N 2 Sipoholon, Learning Year 2023/2024 as many as 120 people and a sample of 44 people was determined using probability sampling technique with a random type (simple random sampling). Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 42 items, namely 22 items for variable X and 20 items for variable Y.   The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant effect of the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Model by PAK Teachers on the Learning Motivation of VIII grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency, Learning Year 2023/2024: 1) Test of analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.488 > rtable (=0.05, n=44) = 0.297. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount = 3.626 > ttable (=0.05, dk=n-2=42)=2.021). 2) Effect test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 23.8%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fhitung> Ftabel = (=0.05, dk numerator k = 20, dk denominator = n-2 = 44-2 = 42) which is 13.18 > 1.51. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. It can be concluded that with the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Model by the PAK Teacher which can maximally increase student learning motivation at SMP Negeri 2 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency, Learning Year 2023/2024. 

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the index card match learning model on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Lumut, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the index card match learning model on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Lumut, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. The population of all class The sample was random (random sampling) namely 25% from each class, namely 34 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value rcount=0.590 which is included in the strong category>rtabel=0.339 and tcount=4.134>ttable=2.03693 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the index card match learning model and motivation to learn Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class b) Regression equation. c) The determination test revealed that the magnitude of the effect was 34.81%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=17.191>Ftable=3.32 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the index card match learning model on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Lumut, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year.  

For a company to achieve its goals, the human resource aspect must be competitive. Human resource performance is the spearhead of this achievement. Therefore, the company must provide work comfort to employees so that their performance is optimal and maximum. The purpose of this study aims to analyse the extent of the effects of job increments and remuneration on job performance through job comfort. The effect of job increments and remuneration on job comfort directly or indirectly through moderating variables. The population in this study totalled 136 people. With 120 respondents taking the sempel. The sampling technique uses proportional random sampling method. The data analysis method uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study are job increments affect job comfort, remuneration affects job comfort, job increments affect job performance, remuneration affects job performance, job comfort affects job performance, job increments have no effect on job performance through job comfort, remuneration affects job performance through job comfort.

The research aims to find out how much influence the model hasPAIKEM learning towards learning motivation for Christian Religious Education andCharacteristics of class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Parlilitan for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between PAIKEM learning model on motivation to learn Religious Education Christianity and Character, Class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Parlilitan, Academic Year 2023/2024. Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. Whole population Class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Parlilitan for the 2023/2024 academic year who are religious There are 150 Protestant Christians. Random samples (random sampling) namely 25% of the total population, namely 38 people. The research instrument is: closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) rcount = 0.554> rtable = 0.320 and tcount=3.993>ttable=2.02809 shows that there is a positive relationship and significant relationship between the PAIKEM learning model and learning motivation Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class XI students of SMA Negeri 1Parlilitan Academic Year 2023/2024. b) Regression equation Y  25.88 0.404X c) The determination test revealed that the magnitude of the effect was 30.69%. d) Hypothesis test is obtained Fcount=15.933>Ftable=3.23 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Research concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between the PAIKEM learning model and educational learning motivation Christian Religion and Character, Class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Parlilitan Tahun Teachings 2023/2024.