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A Critical nursing care is a process for problem solving, decision making as well as an organized and systematic approach to nursing problems. Nursing care must be carried out completely and accurately because it is the nurse's self-defense against demands as well as proof that the correct nursing care has been carried out. The research objective is to find out the description of the implementation of critical nursing care in Emergency Room of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan 2023. The research design used is a descriptive research design. There are two populations in this study, namely nursing actions and documentation of critical nursing care, the sampling technique used purposive sampling 51 respondents and total sampling (critical nursing care documentation) as many as 68 respondents. The data collection instrument uses observation sheets for nursing actions consisting of infusions, ECG usage and oxygen therapy, as well as critical nursing care using observation sheets consisting of assessment, diagnosis, intervention/implementation and evaluation. The results show that the infusion was according to the SOP, the use of ECG was according to the SOP and sufficient oxygen therapy is according to the SOP for 51 respondents (100%). Critical nursing care complete review 65 (96%), diagnosis quite complete 48 (71%), complete intervention/implementation 65 (96%), complete evaluation 67 (99%) and documentation of critical nursing care majority complete 65 (96%) of 68 respondents. It is expected to be able to improve the accuracy and completeness of nursing care documentation through training for each officer.

A Critical nursing care is a process for problem solving, decision making as well as an organized and systematic approach to nursing problems. Nursing care must be carried out completely and accurately because it is the nurse's self-defense against demands as well as proof that the correct nursing care has been carried out. The research objective is to find out the description of the implementation of critical nursing care in Emergency Room of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan 2023. The research design used is a descriptive research design. There are two populations in this study, namely nursing actions and documentation of critical nursing care, the sampling technique used purposive sampling 51 respondents and total sampling (critical nursing care documentation) as many as 68 respondents. The data collection instrument uses observation sheets for nursing actions consisting of infusions, ECG usage and oxygen therapy, as well as critical nursing care using observation sheets consisting of assessment, diagnosis, intervention/implementation and evaluation. The results show that the infusion was according to the SOP, the use of ECG was according to the SOP and sufficient oxygen therapy is according to the SOP for 51 respondents (100%). Critical nursing care complete review 65 (96%), diagnosis quite complete 48 (71%), complete intervention/implementation 65 (96%), complete evaluation 67 (99%) and documentation of critical nursing care majority complete 65 (96%) of 68 respondents. It is expected to be able to improve the accuracy and completeness of nursing care documentation through training for each officer.

Educational supervision in elementary schools is an activity to improve the quality of learning in elementary schools. Educational supervision must also adapt to existing technological developments. For its implementation, supervision is carried out through various processes in the aspect of problem solving that aims to increase teacher effectiveness and efficiency. In addition, it also functions to improve the quality of learning in Indonesia which until now has not met the standards and is far from what is expected. The role of supervision here is responsible for improving teacher learning by following the development of science and technology and the use of supervision techniques. Based on the results of the data analysis, it was obtained that Educational Supervision has a role in the quality of teaching. In this article, the literature study method is used. This article will discuss the role of educational supervision in improving the quality of learning. This article will discuss the definition of educational supervision, the role of educational supervision in improving the quality of learning. The implementation of supervision is expected to run well so that the implementation of learning. Therefore, a supervisor needs to have an understanding and awareness of educational supervision. This article aims to describe the concept of educational supervision to improve the quality of learning in the era of independent learning. This study aims to analyze the role of supervision in improving the quality of continuous learning at SD 089 PANYABUNGAN. Identification of potential and individual teacher needs through observation and coaching processes allows for the preparation of targeted professional development programs. Including. Implementation of innovative learning methods is encouraged through supervisory support that provides related resources and training.

Innovation in the education sector has become increasingly important alongside the rapid advancement of digital technology, which has enabled the emergence of various platforms and applications designed to enhance teaching and learning quality. One area significantly impacted by this transformation is educational evaluation, where digital solutions offer more efficient, accurate, and data-driven assessment processes. This study aims to identify and analyze the role of the Evaloexam application in driving educational innovation while fostering the development of technological entrepreneurship among its users. The research employed a quantitative methodology using a survey approach involving educators and students at the senior high school (SMA) level who actively utilize the Evaloexam platform. A total of 100 respondents were selected through random sampling techniques, and data were collected over one month using structured online questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods to measure user perceptions, system effectiveness, and innovation impact. The findings indicate that Evaloexam plays a significant role in facilitating educational evaluation processes by streamlining exam administration, automating grading, and providing analytical insights into student performance. These capabilities contribute to improved efficiency, reduced administrative workload, and more objective assessment practices. Furthermore, the application encourages the development of technological entrepreneurship by stimulating user interest in digital product innovation, educational technology development, and technology-based problem solving. The results are consistent with prior studies emphasizing the positive relationship between technology integration and improvements in educational effectiveness and operational efficiency. Practically, this research suggests that Evaloexam and similar digital evaluation platforms hold strong potential for broader implementation within educational systems to support innovation ecosystems and technology-driven learning environments. However, this study is limited by its relatively small sample size, focus on a single application, and short data collection timeframe. Future research is recommended to involve larger and more diverse populations, extended study durations, and comparative analyses across multiple evaluation platforms to obtain more comprehensive findings.

Early childhood is a golden age, where the formation of behavior begins at that time, because it can influence subsequent growth and development. The implementation of education for all groups and pathways requires good management, especially the classroom environment in early childhood. The environment is very important for children to receive education which must be planned and utilized to be able to support the achievement of children's learning outcomes. An indoor environment is a learning environment that is in a room, such as in a classroom, and is provided by the school for students to study. The problem in this research is about implementing learning by structuring an indoor environment that supports problem solving abilities in early childhood. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research which aims to describe the analysis of problem solving management in the environment. This research was conducted at Al Kamal Kindergarten which is located on Jalan Tegal Sari Hamlet VI, Percut Sei Tuan District. The research results show that the problem-solving abilities of young children can be improved by arranging the indoor environment with the child's size as a standard, the room is neat, considering the traffic of people when planning a classroom, separating noisy rooms from quiet rooms, classrooms and outdoor areas must be clean, neat and pleasant, how to store learning materials and equipment, placing items that help teacher supervision and arranging the beauty of the classroom.

This research aims to determine the impact of Project Based Learning (MBKM) on Problem Solving for Undergraduate Students in Educational Technology at Bina Mandiri University, Gorontalo. The research method used is a qualitative and quantitative approach at four research stages. According to Creswel and Clark, mixed methods research is a research design with philosophical assumptions as well as being an inquiry method. As a methodology, this mixed research involves philosophical assumptions that guide the direction of data collection and analysis, as well as cultivating qualitative and quantitative research approaches throughout many phases of the research process. This research is in the first stage, namely identifying problem solving for Bachelor of Educational Technology students and measuring the effectiveness of MBKM project-based learning at UBMG. The results of the research show that project-based learning (MBKM) can influence Problem Solving for students in the Bachelor of Educational Technology study program at Bina Mandiri University, Gorontalo. This can be seen from the achievement of the problem solving method indicator for the Educational Technology S1 PRODI students, which was initially 75%, increasing to 87% after participating in project-based learning (MBKM) for one semester. The conclusion of this research is that project-based learning (MBKM) has a positive impact on improving problem solving skills in undergraduate students in educational technology so that it can be applied to subsequent learning processes.

This research seeks to identify the sources and locations of arithmetic learning challenges related to integer counting operations. Class VI, which is the focus of this study, has an average math score that is lower than the KKM. Methods such as tests, observations, and interviews are used to gather data. Students' mastery of the topic of whole number counting operations was assessed using the test technique, which consisted of a 10-question essay. Finding out how the subject is doing during math learning activities and what variables could influence math learning are both accomplished via the use of the observation technique. The purpose of the interview was to get a clear understanding of the challenges that students have while studying the content for integer counting operations. Fifty percent of students had trouble with skills, 23.3% had trouble with ideas, and 20% had trouble with problem solving, according to the data from the final analysis. This includes students in the adequate group. Teachers are encouraged to shape mathematics teaching patterns based on more than just pupils' problem-solving abilities. More significant, however, is figuring out how to encourage pupils to comprehend and fully grasp current ideas so that they do not have any trouble understanding mathematics. 

This research explores of acting class that there were use as a tool to demonstrates a widening gap between verbal communication skills expectations of employers and the perceived abilities of higher education graduates. Recent studies have also suggested that the art of acting is an effective pedagogical tool for developing oral communication skills. This research using descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques carried out by watching and documenting drama. The data validity technique used is source triangulation, while the data analysis technique uses interactive data analysis techniques, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of this study showed that there were 15 element of character development consisting of Oral Communication Skills, Creative Problem Solving Abilities, Motivation and Commitment, Willingness to Work Cooperatively, The Ability to Work Independently, Promptness and Respect for Deadlines, Acceptance of Rules, Respect for Colleagues, Adaptability and Flexibility, Self-Discipline, Concentration, A Goal-Oriented Approach to Work, Dedication, A Willingness to Accept Responsibility, Self-Confidence. This study also found the relevance of acting class to character improvement. The results of this study can provide important meaning for the development of a person's character through acting class activity.

Trademark dispute cases often occur in Indonesia, such as what happened in the trademark dispute case between PT. Yuasa with PT. Golden Surya Jaya in Indonesia. PT. Yuasa holds the GS trademark, while PT. Golden Surya Jaya has a similar trademark, GSJ. This brand conflict has led to legal disputes in Indonesia. where unscrupulous companies such as PT Golden Surya Jaya imitate the GS brand which has a high reputation, this indicates urgency for the need for protection and enforcement of trademark rights with the issuance of Law No. 20 of 2016. This research had a purpose to analyze and study cases of trademark disputes that occur in Indonesia in cases of disputes that occur in Indonesia and how positive law in Indonesia can protect trademark rights from these cases and what are the legal consequences and responsibilities involved. must be provided by product imitation actors to companies that are harmed in order to provide solutions to problem solving in cases of brand disputes. The researching method is a normative juridical research method by examining the theoretical approaches, concepts and statutory approaches by examining the statutory regulations concerned with this research.  

Learning outcomes are a unit of value that is a benchmark in determining the success of learning. This low learning outcome can be caused by two factors, namely internal factors and external factors. Therefore, this research discusses the effectiveness of problem solving models on student learning outcomes.   This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the problem solving learning model on the mathematics learning outcomes of class V students at SD Negeri 80 Palembang. This type of research is a quasi experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design type. The subject of this research is class V of SD Negeri 80 Palembang. This research data collection technique uses observation, tests and documentation. The data analysis technique using hypothesis testing assisted by SPSS version 26 resulted in a tcount value of 2.115 > ttable 2.045 so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the learning outcomes of students using the problem solving model at SD Negeri 80 Palembang

This study investigates the impact of contextual problem-solving on students' mathematical reasoning abilities, comparing it to traditional problem-solving exercises. The study employs a quasi-experimental design with two groups: an experimental group exposed to contextual problem-solving activities and a control group using conventional methods. The experimental group demonstrated a 24% improvement in their mathematical reasoning abilities compared to the control group. Contextual problem-solving, which integrates real-world problems into the learning process, was found to be more engaging and effective in promoting deeper understanding and application of mathematical concepts. The study highlights the benefits of contextual learning in making abstract mathematical concepts more tangible and relatable to students. The findings suggest that by connecting mathematical knowledge to real-world scenarios, students develop stronger reasoning skills and improve their problem-solving capabilities. Moreover, the study recommends incorporating more contextual problem-solving exercises into curricula and providing teachers with training on how to implement these strategies effectively. It also suggests that future research explore the long-term effects of contextual problem-solving on other learning areas, such as critical thinking and creative problem-solving. This approach not only enhances students' mathematical reasoning but also fosters a more engaging and meaningful learning environment, thus preparing students to apply their mathematical knowledge in real-life situations.

This training aims to introduce and apply a product-based learning (PBL) approach in a kindergarten (TK) environment. PBL is a student-centered learning method where children learn through exploration, problem solving and collaboratively in producing a product. In the kindergarten context, PBL focuses on developing children's cognitive, social and motor skills through hands-on learning and writing activities. This training was developed for kindergarten teachers with a theoretical understanding of PBL, PBL planning methods that are adapted to child development, as well as creative and effective classroom implementation strategies. Educators are trained to design programs that connect to the kindergarten curriculum, conduct product-based learning, assess children's progress in critical thinking, communication and collaboration skills. The hope is that this training can help teachers create an interesting and meaningful learning environment for children, encouraging creativity, curiosity and enthusiasm for learning. It is hoped that the results of this training can improve the quality of children's education through the effective implementation of PBL.

Learning achievement is every learning activity carried out by students which will result in a change in themselves. The learning outcomes obtained by students are measured based on differences in behavior before and after learning is carried out. The economic conditions of students' families at SMP Negeri 2 Binjai have a significant influence on student learning achievement. Many students who come from families with economically disadvantaged backgrounds face various challenges that hinder the learning process. Financial limitations often mean they do not have adequate access to educational resources, such as books, the internet, and additional tutoring which can help improve understanding of subject matter. This research uses the Apriori method as a problem solving method, namely to correlate between Family Socio-Economics, Activities Students Outside the School Environment and Level of Student Learning Motivation with Student Achievement in class. If data A, G, K → O with Support 30% and Confident 100% and S*C value 30%. So, if a student from a family with an income of less than Rp. 1,000,000 who take part in extracurricular activities outside of school, and have family-driven motivation, will have academic achievement with good report cards. This research indicates that family socio-economic conditions have a significant impact on student academic achievement. Through data analysis, it can be seen that factors such as family income, student activities outside the school environment and the level of student motivation to learn can influence the extent to which students can achieve higher academic achievement.

This differentiated learning lesson study for the Lubuklinggau City Science Teacher Learning Community was carried out at Lubuklinggau City 5 Public High School on January 10-12, 2024 involving 20 science teachers at Lubuklinggau City 5 Public High School. This activity uses the Plan, Do, See and Redesign cycle. To measure participants' achievement using a pre-test and post-test before the activity. The Plan stage begins with identifying learning problems which include teaching materials, learning strategies, and who will act as a model teacher; The Do (implementation) stage, namely: (a) learning implementation activities carried out by one of the model teachers to put into practice the learning plans that have been prepared together, and (b) observation activities carried out by the teacher, the principal acting as an observer. In the See (reflection) stage, due to efforts to improve the learning process, lecturers and teachers then reflect on what is interesting, what things need to be improved and what things we need to leave behind. The results of the analysis show that differentiated learning lesson study is very useful in increasing scientific literacy. Lesson study has a positive impact on teachers collaborating and sharing good practices in scientific literacy teaching strategies so that they can improve the quality of learning and increase teacher pedagogical competence. Lesson study can develop skills in problem solving.

After the pandemic, there has been many cases where a students acted rudely towards their teachers and seniors because of a low morals. With this reason, the designer is interested in teaching the old proverb from Minangkabau, “kato nan ampek”. Kato nan ampek taught us on how to communicate better to someone older, younger, and the same age as you. Designer obtained data through surveys, interviews, and literature data. Then designer analyze the data with a problem solving method 5W + 1H and the design method 4D model. The results will be an informative animation entitled “Pepatah Minang ‘Kato Nan Ampek’ Melalui Animasi 2D”.

Lower elementary school students usually have difficulty solving arithmetic puzzles. This is caused by variables inhibiting students, including lack of focus and low motivation to learn. This research was conducted to determine the proficiency of class II students at SD 1 Selojari in answering addition and subtraction questions through the use of narrative questions. The aim of the qualitative method of this research which uses a qualitative descriptive approach is to characterize mathematical problem solving abilities. The technique for selecting subjects in this research is using a purposive sampling technique, which is a technique for determining samples with various specific considerations using 11 class II students at SD 1 Selojari. The data collection techniques used were interview, observation and documentation methods. The data analysis technique uses data collection, data reduction, and drawing conclusions.  The mathematical problem solving ability of second grade elementary school students in addition and subtraction material is quite high, namely 90%, as seen in the students' ability to work on the questions given and get high scores. The results of this research show that one in three students are still unable to solve problem questions and still need help.

Education in the digital era requires strong integration of computer programming in the educational curriculum. Programming algorithms are the main key in developing critical thinking and problem solving skills among students. The Merdeka Curriculum reinforces the importance of teaching programming algorithms as part of a curriculum that is flexible and adaptive to meet future demands. This research explores the benefits of programming algorithm strategies in the Merdeka Curriculum, including improving students' analytical, logical and systematic abilities, as well as their preparation for challenges in the digital era.

This research aims to develop a flipbook-based electronic module as a learning aid to improve students' abilities in solving mathematical problems on the topic of root forms. This module development method follows a learning design approach that focuses on interactiveness and visualization of complex mathematical concepts. The research was conducted involving class XI students in a high school as test subjects. Data collection was carried out through tests of mathematical problem solving abilities before and after using the module, as well as structured interviews with mathematics teachers and students. The results showed that the use of a flipbook-based electronic module significantly improved students' understanding of the concept of root forms and their ability to solve related mathematical problems. The implication of this research is the importance of integrating technology in mathematics learning to improve effectiveness and student learning outcomes.  

This study reviews various literature related to the implementation of game-based learning models in improving students' mathematical problem solving abilities. Game-based learning has proven effective in motivating students, increasing interaction, and developing mathematical problem solving skills. This article presents a summary of key findings from relevant studies, highlighting the application of the strategy and the positive impact that this approach can have in the context of mathematics learning.      

This research discusses the use of images as an effective learning medium in increasing students' understanding of Biology subjects. The use of images in a learning context can help students visualize abstract and complex concepts in Biology, thereby facilitating a more interactive and easy-to-understand learning process. This method can stimulate students' interest in learning Biology, strengthen information retention, and improve their problem solving skills in the context of natural sciences. This research illustrates the significance of using images as a learning tool that can support the achievement of Biology learning objectives.