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Seren Village has abundant organic waste potential, particularly banana peel waste generated from banana-processing MSME activities and wood ash resulting from household firewood combustion. To date, this waste has not been optimally utilized and is often discarded, thereby posing potential environmental problems. This study aims to process banana peel waste and wood ash into an innovative, environmentally friendly shoe polish made from natural materials, while also enhancing the economic value and welfare of the community. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the women’s Family Welfare Empowerment Group (PKK) of Seren Village as the target participants. The shoe polish production process includes drying and grinding banana peels, mixing them with a wood ash solution that functions as a natural coloring agent, adding supporting materials, and heating the mixture until a ready-to-use shoe polish is obtained. The results indicate that the shoe polish produced from banana peels and wood ash has a solid texture, is slightly coarse, non-glossy, and has a relatively fast drying time of approximately one minute. In addition, the product shows good resistance to water splashes and does not damage the surface of shoes. The use of natural ingredients makes this shoe polish safer for health. The utilization of this waste has the potential to support MSME development, reduce environmental pollution, and sustainably improve the welfare of the Seren Village community.

The microbiological quality of clean water in Dusun Kepuhan has not met regulatory standards, posing potential health risks to the community. Laboratory examination identified Escherichia coli at 21 CFU/100 mL and total coliform bacteria at 180 CFU/100 mL, exceeding the permissible limits established by the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. This community service program was conducted to enhance residents’ knowledge and practical skills in managing clean water through the application of a chlorine diffuser as a simple and practical disinfection method. The implementation process included problem identification, coordination with the local PAMSIMAS management, educational sessions, and hands-on demonstrations of diffuser preparation and use. Program effectiveness was evaluated using pre-test and post-test assessments involving 30 participants. The findings indicated a statistically significant improvement in participants knowledge following the training. The chlorine diffuser approach was considered appropriate for the community setting due to its ease of use, affordability, and gradual chlorine release mechanism. Continuous monitoring and sustained community commitment are necessary to ensure long-term implementation of safe water disinfection practices.

Physics learning requires students’ multirepresentational ability to understand concepts through verbal, mathematical, pictorial, or graphical forms. However, instruction at SMAN 1 Natal is still dominated by conventional methods, resulting in less active student participation and low multirepresentational skills. This study aims to determine the improvement of students’ multirepresentational ability after the implementation of the Problem Posing learning model on the topic of sound waves. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of class XI MIPA 1 as the control class and class XI MIPA 2 as the experimental class. The research instrument was a multirepresentation test administered through pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, the Mann–Whitney test, and the N-Gain test. The results of the normality test indicated that the data were not normally distributed; therefore, hypothesis testing was continued using the Mann–Whitney test, which yielded a significance value of 0.00 < 0.05. This result indicates a difference in the improvement of multirepresentational ability between the experimental and control classes. The N-Gain result for the experimental class was 49.40%, categorized as moderate. Thus, the implementation of the Problem Posing learning model in the experimental class resulted in an improvement that was lower than that of the control class

This study aims to develop a teaching module focused on mathematical problem posing and problem solving, specifically within the topic of statistics. The goal is to create a module that is not only valid, practical, and effective but also capable of honing the critical and creative thinking skills of high school students. This study utilizes the Research and Development (R&D) method following the 4D development model. The subjects of this research were 10th-grade high school students. The research findings indicate that the teaching module is considered highly valid, with a score of 4.13. In terms of practicality, it achieved a score of 3.8, suggesting the module is user-friendly, engaging, and supportive of a smooth learning process. The module proved effective in improving students' critical and creative thinking skills, as evidenced by a 42% increase in average test scores after using the module. This research suggests that the developed teaching module is feasible for use as instructional material at the high school level and is capable of strengthening students' critical and creative thinking abilities. This module serves as an alternative instructional resource that encourages active, innovative mathematics learning oriented toward the development of high-order thinking skills (HOTS).

Grounding incidents are among the most critical maritime accidents, posing significant threats to navigational safety, operational efficiency, and logistics continuity. This study aims to analyze the contributing factors behind the grounding of MV. Tanto Luas in the Mahakam River and to identify effective mitigation efforts. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct observation, interviews with ship crew, and documentation during onboard sea practice (PRALA). The findings reveal that the grounding incident was primarily caused by poor communication between MV. Tanto Luas and a tugboat, improper navigational decisions, and shallow, wave-affected waters. The Fishbone Diagram (Cause and Effect Diagram) method was used to systematically identify the root causes of the problem. Mitigation efforts included tank sounding, tidal monitoring, optimal use of navigational equipment, and improved inter-vessel coordination. The study concludes that grounding incidents can be prevented through enhanced communication, strict adherence to navigational procedures, and regular crew training. This research offers both practical and theoretical contributions to the enhancement of maritime safety in narrow waterways such as the Mahakam River.

Neurocognitive disorders, particularly dementia, affect various cognitive functions such as memory, attention, language, learning, and problem-solving, with the elderly population being the most impacted. The prevalence of dementia is projected to rise to 131 million cases by 2050, posing significant social and economic implications. This study employed a cross-sectional method to evaluate the role of Apolipoprotein A (APOA) and Apolipoprotein B (APOB) in the diagnosis and prevention of dementia in older adults. The results showed that Apolipoprotein A was not significantly correlated with MMSE scores, indicating no clear relationship between APOA and cognitive function. In contrast, Apolipoprotein B demonstrated a significant negative correlation with MMSE, suggesting that increased APOB levels are associated with cognitive decline. Elevated ApoB, linked to increased LDL and oxidative stress, correlated with reduced cognitive function, whereas ApoA, the main component of HDL, is associated with neuroprotective effects. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring lipid profiles, including ApoA and ApoB, in the prevention and management of dementia in the elderly.    

Based on data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), global coffee production reached 170 million bags per 60 kg of coffee during the 2022/2023 period. Indonesia is noted as one of the largest coffee-producing countries in the world in 2023. The plastic packaging waste from coffee shops is increasing, posing a potential threat to environmental sustainability, such as soil and water pollution. According to Bizhare Contributor in 2023, the Food and Beverage industry in Indonesia has already reduced plastic waste, but there are still plastic packaging, particularly for coffee beans, that cannot be replaced with environmentally friendly materials. From this, the problem of this research is "How is plastic pouch waste sorted in coffee shops and how is it processed to become selling goods?". This research aims to determine the sorting of coffee pouch plastic waste in coffee shops and the processing process to make it into selling goods. The data collected through interviews shows that from the various coffee shops that have mushroomed in Jakarta, there are also coffee shops that care about the environment by sorting plastic waste. This coffee shop, namely Brookland Coffee, participates in donating coffee pouch waste to Demibumi, the process of making coffee pouches Environmentally friendly by Demibumi starts with collecting coffee pouch waste, cutting off the top, and sewing the outside with patchwork, then attaching it with adhesive so it can be folded. The conclusions obtained by DemiBumi prove that concrete action can be taken to overcome this problem. The main conclusion from this issue is that even though it is a big challenge, efforts to manage plastic waste can be successful and have a positive impact on the environment as long as it is carried out carefully by the community, such as through education, awareness campaigns, and the development of innovative solutions to reduce the use of single-use plastics can be steps. significant step.  

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the Problem Posing cooperative learning model on active learning in Christian Religious Education for class XI students at SMAN 1 Siborongborong for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a quantitative method with inferential statistics. The population is all class students. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 38 items, namely 20 items for the 2023/2024 school year variables, proven through data analysis as follows: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) Positive relationship test obtained with rxy = 0.529 > rtable (α=0.05; CI=95%; n=63) = 0.24. b) the significant relationship test obtained tcount = 4.865 > ttable(α=0.05, dk=n-2=61) = 1.9996. 2) Influence test: a) regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="26.24"+0.46X. b) regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 27.9%. 3) hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount > Ftable (α=0.05, dk numerator k-28, dk denominator=n-2=63-2=61) namely 23.73 > 1.66. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that impacts the growth and development of children, posing a serious challenge to public health in Indonesia. One strategic approach to addressing this issue is through intensive training of health cadres. Health cadres play a crucial role in educating the community about the importance of balanced nutrition and good health practices, especially for pregnant women and young children. Structured and continuous intensive training for health cadres is expected to enhance their knowledge and skills in early detection of stunting cases, providing nutritional education, and implementing appropriate interventions. This training program covers various topics such as healthy eating patterns, infant and young child feeding (IYCF), and prevention of diseases contributing to stunting. Additionally, the training includes simulations and field practices that allow health cadres to apply their acquired knowledge in real-life situations. Results from this training show significant improvements in the competencies of health cadres and a reduction in stunting prevalence in the intervention areas. Therefore, intensive training of health cadres has proven to be an effective strategy for stunting prevention and needs to be widely implemented in various regions of Indonesia.

The problem-based education model begins with posing a problem or posing a problem, focusing on disciplinary relationships, investigation, group collaboration, as well as creating work, demonstrating and solving the given case. This problem-based education is student-centered, where teachers only share a little data and students who want to be more active in solving problems. This problem-based education uses real (authentic) problems that are unstructured and open-ended as a context for students to improve their problem-solving and critical thinking skills, and at the same time build new knowledge. In contrast to conventional education where real problems are used as the implementation of concepts, problem-based education makes real problems a factor in students' learning process before they understand formal concepts. Keywords: Education, Based, Problems.

Education that is able to support development in the future is education that is able to develop the potential of students, so that those concerned are able to face and solve the problems of life they face. Education must touch the potential of conscience and potential competence of students. The concept of education is increasingly important when someone has to enter life in society and the world of work, because the person concerned must be able to apply what is learned at school to deal with problems faced in daily life now and in the future (Suhendri & Mardalena, 2015).

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian eksperimen. Yang digunakan untuk analisis data adalah hasil belajar siswa dengan ambang nilai KKM 80. Investigasi ini akan dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Pontianak. Peserta penelitian adalah siswa kelas tujuh. Siswa kelas VII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas VII B sebagai kelas kontrol, masing-masing berjumlah 29 dan 28 siswa yang menjadi sampel penelitian. Penyelidikan ini memanfaatkan materi pecahan kelas VII. Menurut hasil, pembelajaran problem posing mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran tradisional. Jika disajikan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional, siswa mendapatkan skor rata-rata 62,32, namun jika disajikan dengan model pembelajaran problem posing, siswa mendapatkan skor rata-rata 81,97 lebih tinggi dari skor KKM..    

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid, practical and effective E-Book learning media of E-Flip PDF with Guided Self-Learning on student learning outcomes on matrix material in class XI of SMA Negeri 1 Nanga Mahap. The method used is a 4D research method which is limited to Define, Design and Develo. The subjects in this study were 29 students of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Nanga Mahap, 3 material and media experts. The instruments used in this research are in the form of material expert validation sheets and media expert validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, student response questionnaires and posttest questions based on the results of research that have been carried out, the results of the validation of the E-Book learning media are E-Flip PDF with Independent Learning. Supervised has a level of validity of 93.66% with very valid criteria, the level of practicality of learning media is 89.93% with very practical criteria and the effectiveness level of learning media is 82.75% with very effective criteria.    

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Bentuk penelitian yang akan diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Adapun kasus yang ingin diteliti adalah kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa dalam membuat pengajuan masalah (problem posing). Tempat penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 1 Meliau Kab. Sanggau. Dalam penelitian ini metode pemilihan subjek menggunakan purposive sampling berdasarkan perolehan hasil tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis dalam pengajuan masalah yang diberikan kepada siswa kelas X.  Daru hasil tes telah diperoleh bahwa di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Meliau terdapat siswa dengan kemampuan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah pada kemampuan komunikasi matematisnya dalam mengajukan masalah matematika. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh 4 siswa dengan kemampuan tinggi, 11 siswa dengan kemampuan sedang, dan 8 siswa dengan kemampuan rendah. Kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang dimiliki masing-masing siswa termasuk kedalam tiga kategori yaitu tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Dari hasil tersebut dapat diketahui kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa didominasi pada kategori sedang yaitu dengan perolehan persentase sebesar 52.17%, sedangkan pada kategori diperoleh persentase sebesar 17.30%, dan pada kategori rendan perolehan persentase sebesar 30.43%.