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This article critically examines the training program document for mentors of First Communion candidates at St. Paul Pringgolayan Parish as an institutional religious text. The study employs Peter L. Berger’s theory of the social construction of reality and Michel Foucault’s discourse analysis of power as its analytical framework. Using a qualitative interpretive method, the research conducts an in-depth textual analysis of the document’s narrative structure, normative language, actor relations, and mechanisms of legitimation. The findings reveal that the text is not merely a plan and report of pastoral activities; it also functions as an institutional apparatus that reproduces religious reality while shaping subjects of faith through pedagogical, ritual, and administrative systems. This article argues that pastoral documents can be understood as pastoral social technologies that operate through language to structure religious experience, regulate the distribution of authority, and instill norms of faith practice. These findings contribute to the sociology of religion by demonstrating how faith formation practices at the local level constitute a concrete locus of interaction between the construction of religious meaning and the operation of discursive power.

Land tenure through certificates as valid proof of rights had been recognized, yet in practice damaged certificates still caused administrative obstacles at the BPN of Tabanan Regency. The objective of this research was to analyze the mechanism of replacing damaged Certificates of Ownership and to identify the inhibiting factors in the process. This research used an empirical legal method (socio-legal research) with statutory, conceptual, and factual approaches. Data were collected through interviews with officials at the Tabanan Land Office and literature studies from legal documents and academic sources. The findings showed that the replacement mechanism started with application submission, data matching with the land book, a 30-day public announcement period, field verification including re-measurement if physical data could not be read, and issuance of a replacement certificate directed toward an electronic system. The study also found that the main inhibiting factors included administrative constraints, incomplete documents, unclear legal subjects, potential land disputes, low public understanding, and limited digitalization. These findings indicated that although the mechanism had been regulated, its implementation still faced obstacles affecting legal certainty and service effectiveness. This research implied the need to improve services, legal awareness, and digital transformation.

Low levels of political literacy and political participation awareness among female university students remain a challenge for strengthening democracy at the local level. This condition is also found among female students in East Lombok, who tend to perceive political participation narrowly and lack the skills and confidence to engage actively as citizens. This community service program aims to enhance political literacy, participatory awareness, and the capacity of female students to understand and practice political participation in a critical and responsible manner. The program was implemented at the Institut Teknologi Sosial dan Kesehatan Muhammadiyah Selong using a community organizing approach integrated into the academic learning process. The methods included participatory discussions, mentoring, simulations, and critical reflection, positioning female students as active subjects throughout the activities. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of the meaning and forms of political participation, increased confidence in expressing opinions, and the emergence of new awareness regarding their roles as democratic citizens. In addition, a female student discussion group was formed as a space for collective learning and an early platform for local leadership. This program highlights the role of higher education institutions in promoting social transformation and strengthening women’s political participation at the local level.

This research discusses the education system in France with a focus on the development and challenges of Islamic religious education in the developed country. The study was conducted through a review of the history, geography, and applicable educational policies, so as to be able to describe how the education system in France integrates cultural aspects and historical values in learning practices. One of the main concerns of this study is efforts to improve teachers' competence in teaching Islamic religious subjects, even though religion is not explicitly taught in the national curriculum. The results of the study show that Muslims in France obtain religious education through private institutions and Islamic organizations that act as an alternative to formal education. The challenges faced include the limitations of teacher training and the negative perception of Islam by the public. These findings confirm that Islamic religious education in France flourished in a limited space, yet still contributed to the needs of Muslim communities. This research is expected to be a reference for other countries that face similar challenges in developing religious education, especially in the context of cultural integration, education policies, and strengthening the capacity of educators.

Hand hygiene is an essential step in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases, making the availability of safe and environmentally friendly hand soap an important necessity in daily sanitation practices. This community service activity aims to enhance students’ environmental literacy, technical skills, and ecological awareness through training on producing natural hand soap based on butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) extract, with the final product named Clitoria Nature. The program was implemented using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, which consists of four stages planning, action, observation, and reflection—through strategies including socialization, demonstration, and hands-on practice. The subjects of this activity were 32 students of Grade VIII Room 1 at MTsN 1 Palangka Raya City. The results showed an increase in students’ understanding of the benefits of natural ingredients, their ability to formulate liquid soap, and the development of behavior that favors the use of natural hygiene products. Theoretically, the anthocyanin and flavonoid content of butterfly pea flowers supports the antibacterial potential of the formulated soap. This program not only produced an environmentally friendly hand soap but also contributed to the formation of healthier and more sustainable sanitation behaviors.

The Community Service Program (KKN) was implemented with the aim of fostering and enhancing the entrepreneurial spirit and skills of Junior High School (SMP) students through an Entrepreneurship Workshop at SMP PAB 23 Bandar Klippa. This program was designed using a practice-based participatory learning approach (learning by doing), which positions students as active subjects in all stages of the activity, from planning, production, to product marketing. A total of 39 seventh grade students were directly involved in this activity. Through this experiential learning process, students had the opportunity to develop creative thinking, teamwork, and problem-solving skills in a real-life setting. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in several entrepreneurial indicators, namely student self-confidence increased from 55% to 85%, communication skills from 60% to 88%, and interest in entrepreneurship from 50% to 83%. These findings prove that the practice-based learning method is effective in fostering an entrepreneurial mindset and independent character in students. Furthermore, this Community Service Program (KKN) activity demonstrates collaboration between universities and schools in implementing contextual and applicable entrepreneurship education. It also has the potential to be developed as a sustainable learning model to support the achievement of the Pancasila Student Profile, particularly in the dimensions of creativity, independence, and mutual cooperation.

This community service activity aims to improve students' Qur'an reading skills through the Tilawati method at SDIT Al Qonita. The community service method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) which consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of the activity are students who are taking part in the Qur'an reading learning in volume 2 which is divided based on reading ability. The mentoring is carried out through classical learning, reading, explanation of tajweed, and strengthening the rhythm of reading. The results of the activity show that students are enthusiastic about participating in learning, actively imitating reading, and experiencing increased abilities even though they still have difficulties with certain letters. In addition, this mentoring also strengthens the capacity of teachers to continue the Tilawati practice continuously, so that the Tilawati method is proven effective in creating a pleasant learning atmosphere while getting students used to reading according to the rules of tajweed.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of storytelling and movie discussion methods in improving students' English speaking skills at SMA Negeri 12 Makassar. The background of this research departs from the low active participation and courage of students in using oral English in class. The method used is a hands-on practice-based learning approach, where students are asked to tell stories orally and discuss short films in English. The research subjects consisted of 36 students in grades XI-3 who were involved in interactive learning activities with the support of visual media and group discussions. The results of the study showed a significant improvement in several aspects of speaking skills, namely fluency in speaking, mastery of vocabulary, pronunciation, and students' confidence in conveying ideas and opinions. In addition, this method also encourages the development of critical thinking skills, creativity, and cooperation between students in a fun and participatory learning atmosphere. Storytelling activities allow students to express themselves freely and in a structured way, while movie discussions facilitate understanding of cultural context and authentic use of language. Thus, the application of storytelling and movie discussion methods has proven to be effective as an innovative learning strategy in developing students' English speaking skills at the high school level. This study recommends the integration of these methods in the English language learning curriculum to improve the overall quality of students' oral communication.

The Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) movement serves as a benchmark in health development efforts to improve community behavior. An individual’s health status is closely related to their behavior—the better the health-related behavior, the better the health status. This community service project aims to explore the knowledge and behavioral quality of PHBS among coastal communities in Labuan Sumbawa Village, specifically in Padak and Pasir hamlets, where all residents were the target population of the program. The implementation was carried out through a door-to-door approach, supported by undergraduate students from the Nursing and Public Health study programs. The activity was integrated with the subjects they had studied in class, namely Health Promotion, Health Education, and Community-Based Health Promotion in Coastal and Remote Areas. The expected outcomes of this community service include the application of PHBS practices in daily life, particularly in the household setting. Community members are expected to adopt handwashing practices before and after activities, especially after defecating, urinating, and before eating.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the ablution skills of early childhood. The study was conducted at TK Negeri Pembina Baubau with a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach consisting of two cycles. The subjects of the study were 20 early childhood students who were students at the institution. The demonstration method was used to provide direct examples of the correct stages of ablution, with the hope that children could imitate them correctly. The results of the study showed a significant increase in both ablution practice skills and children's enthusiasm during the learning process. In the second cycle, the majority of children were able to perform ablution independently with the correct sequence and movements. In addition, the learning atmosphere became more active and enjoyable. Thus, it can be concluded that the demonstration method is effective in creating a positive learning experience and is able to optimally improve the ablution skills of early childhood.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the ablution skills of early childhood. The study was conducted at TK Negeri Pembina Baubau with a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach consisting of two cycles. The subjects of the study were 20 early childhood students who were students at the institution. The demonstration method was used to provide direct examples of the correct stages of ablution, with the hope that children could imitate them correctly. The results of the study showed a significant increase in both ablution practice skills and children's enthusiasm during the learning process. In the second cycle, the majority of children were able to perform ablution independently with the correct sequence and movements. In addition, the learning atmosphere became more active and enjoyable. Thus, it can be concluded that the demonstration method is effective in creating a positive learning experience and is able to optimally improve the ablution skills of early childhood.

This study aims to determine the effect of self-efficacy, field work practice and motivation to enter the world of work on the work readiness of students of Accounting Vocational School, Nunukan Regency. This study uses a descriptive verification research design with a survey approach that has been implemented at the Accounting Vocational School of Nunukan Regency. The subjects in this study were students of class XII Accounting in 3 vocational schools in Nunukan Regency, namely SMKN 1 Nunukan, SMKN 1 Sebatik Barat and SMKN 1 Tulin Onsoi, consisting of 100 female students and 37 male students. The objects of this study are self-efficacy, field work practices, motivation to enter the world of work and work readiness of vocational school students. The data collected through the questionnaire were then processed/analyzed. To test the hypothesis using multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence of self-efficacy, field work practice and motivation to enter the world of work on the work readiness of students of Accounting Vocational High Schools in Nunukan Regency, which is indicated by the results of the multiple linear regression test obtained a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.618 which is included in the category of a strong relationship level with a determination level of 0.382 or in other words, the work readiness variable of vocational high school students is influenced by self-efficacy, field work practice and motivation to enter the world of work by 38.2% with Fcount> Ftable or 26.691> 3.940, then H0 is rejected and accepts H1 which states that there is an influence of self-efficacy, field work practice and motivation to enter the world of work on the work readiness of students of Accounting Vocational High Schools throughout Nunukan Regency.

The EMANHOT programme (Education in Horticultural Planting) aims to instil environmental awareness in grade 1 students of Winduhaji State Elementary School 1 through a contextual and project-based learning approach. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with the research subjects being 45 students from classes 1A and 1B. Activities range from initial education about the benefits of plants, direct planting practices, to monitoring and reflection. The results show a significant increase in student involvement in caring for the plants, as well as the development of character values such as responsibility, cooperation, and environmental concern. Students became more active in watering the plants, naming their plants, and engaging their parents in planting at home. This project also creates an educational green space at school and has the potential to be integrated with local content as well as the Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students Project (P5).

This research is motivated by the challenges faced by teachers in implementing effective and smooth learning processes, particularly in implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in Islamic Cultural History (SKI) learning at MAN 2 Bengkulu City. Teachers, as crucial components in the learning process, need to pay attention to students' needs and characteristics in preparing meaningful learning. The PBL model is one of the alternative learning approaches that uses problems as a starting point for students to develop critical thinking skills. This research employed a qualitative approach with research subjects comprising teachers and eleventh-grade students at MAN 2 Bengkulu City. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research results identified several obstacles in PBL implementation, namely: (1) limited learning time; (2) minimal supporting facilities; (3) variations in student ability levels and characteristics; and (4) lack of interaction and communication between teachers and students. This research also produced strategies to overcome these obstacles, including thorough preparation, effective time management, and development of teachers' abilities to facilitate problem-based learning. These findings contribute to the development of more effective SKI learning practices with a PBL approach in madrasas.

  This study aims to analyze the role of business incubators in State Vocational High Schools (SMKN) in building student business start-ups in Mojokerto Regency. Business incubators in SMKN have great potential to encourage the development of students' entrepreneurial skills through training, mentoring, and access to business resources. The research approach used is qualitative with a case study method, involving the principal, incubator manager, entrepreneurship teacher, and students as research subjects. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that business incubators in SMKN act as the main facilitators in improving students' skills and motivation to start a business. Supporting factors for the success of the program include school support, cooperation with the business world, and adequate facilities. However, several challenges were also identified, such as limited funds, human resources, and low student participation. However, the existence of business incubators has had a positive impact on students' readiness to establish start-ups, as seen from the success of several students in developing independent businesses. This study concludes that optimizing business incubator programs requires increased financial support, strengthening partnerships with the industrial world, and integrating practice-based entrepreneurship curriculum. The recommendations of this study are expected to be a reference for SMKN managers and other stakeholders to improve the effectiveness of business incubator programs in producing a competent generation of young entrepreneurs.    

This study aims to determine the considerations used by management in fraud response to cases that have harmed cooperatives and customers, and to determine the loss recovery system taken by management. The subjects and organizations studied are the management of a microfinance institution (ABC Cooperative) in Central Java. The objectives of this study will be achieved by using a qualitative research design, with a case study approach. Case studies are chosen because the unit of analysis is one organization. Analytical research is used to explore how and why a phenomenon occurs. The results of this study explain that the response taken by the cooperative to cases of fraud committed by its employees is termination of employment with several agreements, without involving the legal process. This step is taken to maintain the good name of the Cooperative in the eyes of the public and minimize the expenditure of larger funds. In practice, this study proves and strengthens the theory that most fraud committed by employees is undetected and is often resolved secretly to protect the victim's good name, this estimate is likely to underestimate the actual losses to business and society. This study can also provide practical implications for other cooperative institutions as a reference in making decisions related to similar cases.

The aim of the research is to determine the interest of class IV SDN 02 Taman Madiun in learning science and science material on plant parts by applying the TGT type cooperative learning model. Using the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method which was carried out in two cycle meetings. Stages include observation, planning, implementation, and reflection consisting of each cycle. 7 class IV students at SDN 02 Taman Madiun were used as research subjects. Data collection instruments consist of interviews, questionnaires, observations and documentation. The results of the research prove that fourth grade students' interest in learning science and science material about plant parts has increased after implementing the TGT type cooperative model.  The percentage of interest results increased, initially 68.52% in the first practice cycle meeting, then increasing to 85.26% after the second practice cycle meeting. These results become an alternative strategy to achieve interest in learning for class IV SDN 02 Taman as expected through the implementation of the TGT type cooperative model.

This study aims to identify the risks that will arise due to fraudulent practices and breach of contract will be carried out by clients during musyarakah financing. This text also aims to explore how the implementation of risk management can reduce the risks that will occur in the PT. BPRS Haji Miskin Pandai Sikek is a microfinance institution that aims to provide services to the underprivileged population in the Sikek area. In this study, the qualitative method was chosen by the author as the approach that will be used to carry out their research. In this paper, the author uses two types of primary data. Initially, primary information will be obtained directly from primary sources, such as written records and direct observations at the research site. Furthermore, primary information will be obtained through library studies or by referring to relevant books on Islamic banking and related subjects. In this study, the analytical method was used by the researchers. Based on the study, it was reported that fraud and default by customers in musyarakah financing present two types of risks, namely financing risk and operational risk. The implementation of risk management in musyarakah financing will be carried out by a specific PT company. In order to implement the precautionary principle, BPRS Haji Miskin Pandai Sikek utilizes the standard operating procedure (SOP) instructions that have been decided. The risk management process includes four stages, namely risk detection, risk assessment, risk management, and risk monitoring. The principle of the five Cs (character, capacity, capital, collateral and condition of economy) is used in this process.

. This study aims to determine the implementation of taharah learning at Pelita Al-Qur'an Junior High School Krasak Wonosobo by paying attention to the development of students' behavior before and after learning. This type of research is qualitative research, with field research methods. The subjects in this study were 7th grade students of Pelita Al-Qur'an Junior High School Krasak Wonosobo. The samples taken were students in grades 7A, 7B, and 7C. Data collection using observation, interviews, and documentation. Implementation of Taharah Learning is learning about the procedures for purification, removing impurities, purifying oneself from hadats. The research that has been done concludes that there is a change between students who have never learned about taharah and those who have learned taharah. The learning that is done also seems fun because there is practice in every material. It's just that the media and facilities available are inadequate so that children cannot understand optimally.  

 Learning media is one aspect of increasing the success of learning. Using creative and interesting learning media will certainly make it easier for students to accept lessons. Kahoot! is a learning media in the form of a game that can be accessed on the website. The purpose of this outreach is to see whether the learning media Kahoot! useful for increasing students' interest in adding vocabulary. The methods used in carrying out this socialization are lecture methods, application use demos and question and answer sessions. The series of socialization activities include: (1) Students do practice questions regarding vocabulary manually (without game teaching media) (2) Then go to the step of providing an explanation about the Kahoot! learning application! (3) During this explanation session students will be explained the steps for using the Kahoot! application, (4) Followed by a question and answer session, (5) After the question and answer session several students are selected to come forward to try the Kahoot! (6) Students download the Kahoot! on their smartphone/laptop and work on the questions given. (7) Students do practice questions regarding vocabulary in the Kahoot! application. This socialization was carried out at the Pekanbaru Professional Development Vocational School. The subjects of this socialization are students of class X Tourism Travel Business with a learning time of 2 hours.