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Changes in labor regulations through the Job Creation Law have brought significant changes to the employment system in Indonesia, particularly in terms of labor flexibility. This study aims to analyze labor flexibility after the implementation of the Job Creation Law from the perspective of Human Resource Management (HRM). The research method used is a qualitative approach through a literature study with thematic analysis of 16 scientific journals, books, and regulations related to labor flexibility and strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. The results show that labor flexibility has positive impacts on companies in improving operational efficiency, productivity, and adaptability to market changes. However, on the other hand, such flexibility also creates several challenges, including job uncertainty, decreased job security, and reduced protection for contract and outsourced workers. From the HRM perspective, companies are required to create a balance between business interests and labor protection in order to maintain harmonious industrial relations. This study is expected to provide a more comprehensive understanding of labor flexibility as part of human resource management strategies in the post-labor deregulation era in Indonesia.

Penilaian kinerja merupakan elemen krusial dalam manajemen sumber daya manusia (SDM) untuk memastikan efektivitas organisasi dan pengembangan karyawan. Namun, banyak sistem penilaian tradisional masih bergulat dengan masalah subjektivitas, kurangnya transparansi, dan minimnya fokus pada pengembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi sistem penilaian kinerja yang berlaku di Politeknik XXX dan mengusulkan kerangka model yang mengintegrasikan 360-Degree Feedback dan Critical Incident Technique (CIT) untuk mengatasi kelemahan tersebut. Menggunakan analisis survei deskriptif dan analisis kesenjangan (gap analysis) pada data Politeknik XXX , ditemukan bahwa sistem saat ini bersifat top-down, minim umpan balik multi-sumber (rekan sejawat dan mahasiswa 0%), lemah dalam pencatatan kejadian kritis (18.5% untuk prestasi, 29.6% untuk pelanggaran), serta memiliki skor komunikasi hasil penilaian (2.07/5.00), kepuasan, dan keadilan yang moderat (2.96/5.00). Kesenjangan signifikan teridentifikasi pada aspek transparansi (gap 2.29), orientasi perbaikan (gap 2.08), dan rekam kejadian kritis/CIT (gap 2.07). Implikasi dari temuan ini menunjukkan urgensi transformasi menuju sistem manajemen kinerja modern yang mengedepankan objektivitas, transparansi, dan pengembangan profesional berbasis data. Integrasi 360-Degree Feedback dan CIT diyakini mampu menyediakan perspektif holistik dan bukti perilaku faktual yang diperlukan untuk penilaian yang lebih adil dan formatif.

Kebijakan kesejahteraan sosial merupakan instrumen strategis pemerintah dalam meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat serta mengurangi kesenjangan sosial melalui distribusi bantuan publik. Namun demikian, dalam praktik implementasinya di tingkat lokal, kebijakan ini kerap menghadapi berbagai persoalan, terutama terkait ketepatan sasaran, transparansi, dan keadilan distribusi bantuan. Fenomena tersebut juga terlihat di Desa Ladogahar, Kecamatan Nita, Kabupaten Sikka, di mana masih ditemukan indikasi ketimpangan dalam penyaluran bantuan kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan kesejahteraan sosial dan ketimpangan distribusi bantuan publik dengan menggunakan tinjauan teori keadilan, khususnya keadilan distributif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka dan penelitian lapangan. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dengan aparat desa dan masyarakat penerima bantuan, serta dokumentasi terkait kebijakan yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan kesejahteraan sosial di Desa Ladogahar belum sepenuhnya berjalan secara optimal, ditandai oleh lemahnya validitas data penerima, adanya pengaruh kedekatan sosial dalam penentuan penerima manfaat, serta kurangnya transparansi dalam proses distribusi. Dalam perspektif teori keadilan, kondisi ini mencerminkan belum terpenuhinya prinsip keadilan distributif yang menekankan pemerataan dan keberpihakan kepada kelompok masyarakat yang paling membutuhkan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya perbaikan melalui peningkatan akuntabilitas, transparansi, dan partisipasi masyarakat guna mewujudkan distribusi bantuan publik yang lebih adil dan merata.

Marriage at an early age remains widespread, especially among communities with limited education and financial resources. This study aims to analyze the impact of early marriage on harmony in household life. The research model we employed was a library research design. The approach used was descriptive qualitative through literature review, referring to scholarly sources and secondary data from reputable journals published in the last five years. Findings indicate that the mental unreadiness of both parties (husband and wife) who marry at an early age can lead to instability in household life and increase the risk of marital failure or reduced family harmony. Young couples commonly face challenges in maintaining healthy communication, making joint decisions, and coping with financial pressures, all of which contribute to domestic conflict. In addition, emotional immaturity and limited life experience are also primary causes of disharmony within the family. Therefore, there is a need to improve education and public awareness about the importance of age maturity and mental readiness before marriage in order to create stable and harmonious households. Thus, it is necessary to increase education and public awareness about the importance of age maturity and mental readiness before marriage, in order to create a stable and harmonious household.

Within the framework of Islamic family law (fiqh munakahat), the issue of nusyuz plays a significant role, as it is closely related to maintaining harmony and stability in the marital relationship. Generally, nusyuz is often defined as a form of a wife’s disobedience toward her husband. However, Islamic jurisprudence acknowledges that nusyuz can also be committed by a husband if he fails to fulfill the rights, responsibilities, and obligations he owes to his wife, in accordance with the principles of Sharia. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the concept of nusyuz in the context of family life, from the perspective of fiqh munakahat. The discussion covers the meaning and characteristics of nusyuz, its legal basis in Islamic sources, the factors contributing to its emergence, its various manifestations in married life, its implications for family relationships, and existing methods for addressing this issue. This study employs a literature review method supported by a descriptive qualitative approach, drawing on relevant literature from classical and contemporary Islamic legal sources. The results indicate that resolving issues of nusyuz should be approached through a gradual and constructive process, including counseling, dialogue, mediation, consultation, and reconciliation. These steps aim to restore mutual understanding and strengthen family unity. Therefore, raising awareness of each spouse’s rights and obligations is crucial to preventing nusyuz and creating a household filled with peace, love, mutual respect, and intimacy.

The development of social media has significantly changed human communication patterns. On the one hand, digital media provides a space for freedom of expression, but on the other hand, it has also given rise to digital judgmental cultural phenomena such as Cancel culture and cyberbullying. These phenomena often give rise to verbal violence, public humiliation, and massive social exclusion in cyberspace. This article aims to analyze the phenomena of Cancel culture and cyberbullying from a Christian ethical perspective. The research method used is a literature review with a theological-ethical approach. The results of the study indicate that the digital judgmental culture contradicts the principles of love, respect for human dignity as the Imago Dei, and Christian communication ethics taught in the Bible. Christian ethics views every individual as having value before God, so the practices of humiliation, digital bullying, and public judgment are unjustifiable. The church and believers are called to present constructive, loving, communication in the digital space.

The government policy known as the Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG) aims to improve public nutrition and reduce stunting rates in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to examine the MBG Program from a political perspective, particularly considering political dynamics, legal risks, and fiscal issues. This research was conducted through literature review, reviewing various journals and academic sources. The results indicate that the MBG not only has social impacts but also influences political interests, poses risks to legal enforcement, and disrupts the sustainability of the state budget. Therefore, for the program to be successful and sustainable, strong regulations and oversight are required. Furthermore, this populist program is often utilized as an instrument for power legitimacy, demanding compromises between the executive and legislative branches during its budget approval process. Without a detailed legal framework, the policy's implementation is highly vulnerable to overlapping institutional authority and potential misappropriation of funds. Ultimately, technology-based monitoring strategies and accountable governance are the main keys to maintaining the stability of the State Budget (APBN).

This study analyzes the abuse of prosecutorial authority from a normative juridical perspective within constitutional law and its implications for the rule of law and good governance in Indonesia. It focuses on the concept of abuse of power (détournement de pouvoir) in assessing prosecutorial actions and examines power relations in law enforcement that may affect objectivity and fairness in criminal justice. The research uses a normative juridical method with statute and case approaches. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 16 of 2004 on the Prosecutor’s Office as amended by Law No. 11 of 2021, and Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, supported by doctrines and jurisprudence. Secondary materials include books and journals on constitutional and administrative law. The findings show that prosecutorial authority as dominus litis is limited by legality, good governance principles, and due process of law. Abuse of authority may occur not only through procedural violations but also through deviations from its intended purpose, leading to formally lawful but substantively unjust actions. Power relations may also create institutional imbalance in law enforcement. Therefore, stronger supervisory mechanisms are needed to ensure prosecutorial authority aligns with the rule of law and good governance.

The fiqh principle stating that a leader’s policies and actions toward the people must be based on public welfare is an Islamic legal principle emphasizing that every action and policy of a leader should be oriented toward the interests and well-being of society. This study aims to examine the meaning, normative foundations, concepts, and implementation of this principle in state governance. The research employs a library research method with a normative approach through the analysis of the Qur’an, Hadith, fiqh literature, scholarly journals, and relevant legislation. The findings indicate that this principle has a strong foundation in the Qur’an and Hadith, particularly regarding trustworthiness, justice, and the responsibility of leaders toward their people. Conceptually, this principle is closely related to the theories of maqashid al-shari’ah and siyasah shar’iyyah, which place public welfare as the primary objective of Islamic law. In practice, the principle is applied in various fields, including public administration, law and legislation, religious policies, as well as economic and fiscal policies. Its implementation can be seen in policies concerning the prohibition of interfaith marriage, marriage dispensation, marriage legalization hearings (isbat), the suspension of Hajj departures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the management of state finances during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. Therefore, this principle demonstrates that Islamic law possesses flexible and adaptive characteristics while maintaining a strong orientation toward public welfare, making it relevant to modern systems of governance.

The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) has brought a fundamental paradigm reconstruction to the Indonesian criminal justice system through the explicit recognition of the "living law" (hukum yang hidup di masyarakat). This study aims to analyze the legal standing of living law within the Indonesian legal system and examine the juridical and sociological implications of integrating these unwritten norms from the perspective of Article 2 of Law Number 1 of 2023. The research method employed is normative legal research with a statutory approach. The results indicate that the positioning of living law holds a strategic standing rooted in Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and is further reinforced by the Constitutional Court Decision Number 35/PUU-X/2012. Following the promulgation of Law Number 1 of 2023, Article 2 paragraph (1) formally deconstructs the rigidity of the colonial-inherited formal legality principle (Wetboek van Strafrecht) and transforms it toward a material legality principle. Consequently, living law is now recognized as a valid basis for criminal liability and acts as a complement to national law, manifested through additional criminal penalties in the form of fulfilling local customary obligations to support restorative justice. Nonetheless, the state imposes limitations through a codification mechanism into Regional Regulations guided by Government Regulations, which must be aligned with Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, Human Rights, and general principles of law recognized by civilized nations to prevent legal uncertainty and subjective interpretations of the law.

This study aims to examine and analyze the pretrial examination mechanism, which also assesses the substance of the case, as reflected in Pretrial Decision Number 10/Pid.Pra/2020/PN.Lbo at the Limboto District Court. The method used in this study is normative legal research, applying a statute approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The analysis is conducted qualitatively through deductive reasoning, namely by explaining general legal provisions and then drawing more specific conclusions.The results indicate that Pretrial Decision Number 10/Pid.Pra/2020/PN.Lbo, specifically the ruling declaring the Petitioner's actions not a criminal act of corruption, is deemed inconsistent with the nature and scope of pretrial proceedings. This is because pretrial examinations are principally intended only to examine formal aspects with a brief examination process, and therefore should not include an assessment of the subject matter of the case. Furthermore, the lack of a legal remedy mechanism for the pretrial decision also raises issues of legal certainty. In fact, based on the principle of res judicata pro veritate habetur, every court decision must be considered correct, valid, and binding until there is a decision from a higher court that overturns the decision.

This study aims to explore the phenomenon of using a second Instagram account among Generation Z as a strategy for impression management and privacy protection. Amidst the dominance of a culture of show-off and hegemonic aesthetic standards on primary accounts, Generation Z tends to experience aesthetic fatigue and social pressure due to scrutiny from diverse audiences (context collapse). Using Erving Goffman's Dramaturgy theory, this study examines how individuals construct distinct identities on the front stage and back stage. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five Generation Z informants who have multiple accounts, as well as passive participant observation of their digital activities. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, while data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the primary account functions as a highly curated front stage to maintain professional and social reputations. Conversely, the second account functions as a back stage that allows Generation Z to engage in emotional catharsis, honest self-disclosure, and identity experimentation through unique names (pseudonyms). The use of a second account is a strategic response to reclaim personal authority over their life narratives from the pressure of algorithms and public judgment. The study concludes that second accounts are not just a technological trend, but rather a self-defense mechanism for Generation Z to maintain authentic space and maintain mental health amidst massive digital transparency.

Digital transformation in the judicial system represents a strategic step to improve the quality of legal services in Indonesia. One of the innovations implemented by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia is the E-Court system, which enables case administration and court proceedings to be conducted electronically. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of E-Court in realizing the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice, as well as to identify the obstacles faced by parties who do not utilize the system. The research method employed is a normative legal approach, involving the analysis of statutory regulations and scholarly literature. The results indicate that, normatively, E-Court has been effective in supporting judicial efficiency; however, in practice, it still encounters various challenges, including technical, social, and institutional aspects. These obstacles vary among different legal subjects, namely advocates, individuals, private legal entities, and government legal entities. Therefore, comprehensive efforts are required to optimize the implementation of E-Court to ensure that the objectives of judicial reform can be fully achieved. Furthermore, the findings reveal that, from a normative perspective, E-Court provides a more efficient mechanism compared to conventional systems, particularly in terms of case administration and communication between parties. However, this effectiveness has not been evenly realized due to constraints such as the digital divide, limited technological infrastructure, and low user readiness. Consequently, the implementation of E-Court still requires reinforcement in both technical and cultural aspects to ensure optimal accessibility for all segments of society.

This study aims to analyze the process of internalizing legal values in the formation of a culture of law-abidingness by emphasizing the perspective of civic responsibility and the Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory approach. The main problem studied is how legal values are not only understood normatively, but also internalized in the individual and collective consciousness of society, thus giving rise to sustainable law-abiding behavior. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with strengthening conceptual and sociological analysis of legal dynamics in society. The results show that the internalization of legal values is a multidimensional process involving cognitive, affective, and spiritual aspects, which are influenced by education, the social environment, role models, and the consistency of law enforcement. In the context of civic responsibility, a culture of law-abidingness is not only formal compliance with regulations, but also reflects moral awareness and active participation of citizens in maintaining social order. Meanwhile, Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory offers an integrative paradigm that combines the normative dimensions of sharia with social reality, through a comparative approach of schools of thought, maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, and an orientation toward the welfare of the people. This research emphasizes that the formation of an effective culture of law-abidingness requires a holistic and contextual approach, in which law is understood as a living and adaptive social instrument. Thus, the internalization of legal values based on civic responsibility and an Islamic sociological jurisprudence approach can encourage the realization of substantive justice, high legal awareness, and a civilized and sustainable social order.    

The acceptance of family witnesses in divorce cases resulting from violations of taklik talak remains a subject of legal debate within the Indonesian Religious Courts. This debate arises from the normative tension between Article 145 of the Het Herziene Indonesisch Reglement (HIR), which restricts testimony from family members, and the need to uncover material truth in private domestic disputes, particularly in default judgments where the defendant fails to appear before the court. This study aims to analyze the legal basis underlying judges’ considerations in accepting family witnesses in divorce cases caused by violations of taklik talak, using Decision Number 32/Pdt.G/2017/PA.Pkl as a case study. The research employs a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected through library research and document analysis of relevant court decisions. The analysis links legal facts with procedural law in religious courts, the theory of rechtsvinding, and the concept of substantive justice. The findings indicate that the acceptance of family witnesses can be legally justified based on Article 76 of Law Number 7 of 1989 concerning Religious Courts as a lex specialis provision, the judges’ authority to conduct legal discovery under Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power, and principles of ushul fiqh and fiqhiyyah that support the realization of substantive justice. This study offers a reconstruction of the juridical legitimacy of family witness acceptance through the integration of positive law and Islamic law to strengthen legal certainty in religious court practices.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the madrasah quality paradigm from the perspective of the Qur'an at MIS Al-Hunafa Palangka Raya. The study used a qualitative field research approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the study indicate that: 1) the quality paradigm is understood not only to be oriented towards academics, but also to the formation of character and spiritual values ​​of students; 2) the implementation of the quality paradigm is carried out through the integration of Qur'anic values ​​such as amanah, itqan, ihsan, discipline, and responsibility in madrasah culture, learning, and religious activities; and 3) the implementation of quality still faces obstacles in the form of limited infrastructure, variations in teacher competencies, and technological demands, so that the madrasah carries out strengthening through teacher training, facility optimization, and the development of a quality culture based on Qur'anic values. Thus, the implementation of the quality paradigm at MIS Al-Hunafa has been running quite well and is carried out sustainably.

This research analyzes the interconnection between energy geopolitics and global security through the case study of Venezuela, the country with the world's largest proven oil reserves. The background highlights that energy has become a strategic commodity driving geopolitical tensions in the international system. The objective is to answer three fundamental questions: why energy is critically needed, how the distribution of the world's oil reserves creates strategic inequality, and how the Venezuela case illustrates resource grabbing mechanisms. The method used is qualitative with a single case study approach, employing neorealism and dependency theory as analytical frameworks, with data sourced from official reports of international organizations (OPEC, IEA, IMF, EIA), news media, and academic literature. The findings reveal that the United States' escalating pressure on Venezuela from economic sanctions, maritime blockades, to military threats reflects a systematic pattern of resource imperialism disguised as counter-narcotics efforts. The impact on Venezuela includes GDP contraction of 4 percent, hyperinflation exceeding 530 percent, and 8 million people displaced. The implications underscore that the current global energy order remains dominated by zero-sum logic, requiring reform of international energy governance to be more just and sustainable.

The Operational Aspect in Islam emphasizes that production activities must benefit humanity or be related to meeting human needs. For example, the selection of raw materials should not come from haram sources, the production process should be free from activities prohibited by Sharia, production should not be excessive, and there should be no waste. The Islamic view on human resources emphasizes that all workers are huan beings, not robots or business tools. A A Business Feasibility Study refers to an analysis of a business plan, both prior to its implementation and once the business is operating on a regular basis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the operational aspects and human resource management within the feasibility study of the Islamic-based convection business, Brand 57 Busana Pekalongan. This research employs a qualitative approach. The data were collected through field research, which involves conducting the study directly at the site where the phenomena related to the research problem occur. The techniques applied for data collection include observation, interviews, and documentation The result of this study indicate that the Brand 57 Busana pekalongan is feasible in terms of operational and human resource management aspects from a Sharia businesss feasibility study perspective because it has chosen a strategic location, good product quality, adequate production capacity, and technology utilization. In addition, the brand 57 Busana Pekalongan convection is deemed permissible for operational production activities from an Islamic perspective, such as production activities based on Islamic values and Maqashid Syariah. In the implementation of human resources management, the Brand 57 Busana Pekalongan convention has implemented job descriptions, a Muslim work ethic, a fair and decent salary distribution system.

This study aims to analyze the consumptive culture of students in following trends using Karl Marx’s social class theory perspective. The phenomenon of consumptive behavior among students is no longer based on rational needs but is influenced by social, economic, and digital technological developments. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method by collecting and analyzing various relevant literature sources. The findings indicate that students’ consumptive behavior is part of modern capitalism mechanisms that shape consumption patterns through class relations, digital media, and social identity construction. From Marx’s perspective, consumption functions as a tool for reproducing the capitalist system that maintains social inequality, while Herbert Marcuse’s perspective reinforces that modern consumption is driven by “false needs” constructed through media and industry. In addition, factors such as family socioeconomic status, social environment, digital media, and the need for social recognition also strengthen students’ consumptive behavior. Therefore, student consumptive culture can be understood as a multidimensional phenomenon resulting from the interaction between economic, social, and ideological structures in modern society.

Consumerism is an increasingly dominant phenomenon in modern society along with the development of capitalism, globalization, and information technology. Society's consumption patterns have shifted from being primarily oriented toward fulfilling needs to fulfilling symbolic desires. In this context, Jean Baudrillard's thinking is relevant in explaining that consumption is no longer based on use value, but rather on the sign value inherent in a commodity. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of consumerism in modern society through Jean Baudrillard's critical perspective and to uncover its social implications. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library research, which examines various scientific literature, books, and journals related to consumerism and simulation theory. The results show that consumerism has created a pseudo-reality (simulacra), where individuals consume based on symbolic impulses shaped by the media, advertising, and popular culture. Consumption becomes a means to construct self-identity and gain social recognition, thus encouraging excessive consumer behavior. Furthermore, this phenomenon also results in social alienation, identity crises, and dependence on the global capitalist system. Thus, consumerism is not only an economic activity but also a complex socio-cultural phenomenon. Therefore, critical awareness is needed so that society can be more rational and selective in its consumption practices