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This study aims to determine the effect of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning on students’ learning outcomes at SMA Muhammadiyah Bumiayu. The research method used is a quantitative method with a correlational (ex-post facto) approach. The subjects of this study were students of SMA Muhammadiyah Bumiayu selected through purposive sampling technique. The research instruments used were a closed-ended questionnaire to measure the PJOK learning implementation variable and report card documentation to measure students’ learning outcomes. Data analysis was conducted using statistical techniques to identify the relationship between variables. The results of this study are expected to provide an empirical overview of the extent to which PJOK learning contributes to improving students’ overall learning outcomes, including cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Furthermore, this study is expected to serve as a reference for improving the quality of PJOK learning in schools.

This study aims to improve the kinesthetic intelligence and physical fitness of students with hearing impairments through rhythmic gymnastics lessons in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) at SLB Muhammadiyah Kelayu, East Lombok Regency. The research employed a collaborative classroom action research (CAR) approach involving both the researcher and the PJOK teacher. The action was conducted in two cycles, each comprising planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects consisted of eight students with hearing impairments, including four females and four males. Data were collected through documentation, observation, and performance assessments using developed kinesthetic intelligence and physical fitness instruments, and then analyzed descriptively using quantitative methods. The results indicate that after the rhythmic gymnastics intervention, kinesthetic intelligence improved, with 75% of students reaching the expected development level by the end of Cycle II. Physical fitness also showed significant improvement across five main components: endurance increased to 68.7%, muscle strength and endurance to 65.6%, agility to 68.7%, flexibility to 65.6%, and balance to 71.8%. Rhythmic gymnastics proved to be an effective approach to support inclusivity while enhancing the kinesthetic intelligence and physical fitness of students with hearing impairments.

Inclusive education plays a crucial role in achieving equal access and improving the quality of education for all students, including students with special needs. In the context of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning, the implementation of inclusive education still faces significant challenges, both in terms of teaching strategies, teacher skills, and available supporting facilities and infrastructure. This study aims to describe the perceptions of PJOK teachers and classroom teachers regarding the implementation of inclusive learning for students with special needs in PJOK activities at the elementary school level. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including semi-structured interviews and documentation. The research subjects consisted of PJOK teachers and classroom teachers who teach at SDN 2 Gobras. The results show that the teachers have a good understanding of the importance of creating a friendly, adaptive, and enjoyable learning environment for students with special needs. The teachers make adjustments in learning activities through modifying tools, implementing small group strategies, providing appropriate motivation, and close collaboration with homeroom teachers and parents. However, limitations in the training received and the support of existing facilities remain significant obstacles. The findings of this study provide important implications regarding the need for ongoing training and strengthened collaboration between teachers to support the creation of more effective and sustainable inclusive education. Therefore, this research is expected to make a positive contribution to the development of inclusive education in elementary schools and raise awareness of the importance of supporting students with special needs in the learning process.

The availability of educational facilities is one of the most important factors in enhancing active learning, particularly in the context of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) education and classroom settings. Physical education and health is one of the subjects that can help students develop themselves as individuals and social beings so that they grow and develop naturally (Firmasnyah & Rukmana, 2017). The availability of educational facilities is one of the most important factors in enhancing active learning, particularly in the context of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) education and classroom settings. The purpose of this study is to understand how PJOK and classroom teachers perceive the availability of educational facilities in schools in promoting active learning. The availability of educational facilities in schools in promoting active learning. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative descriptive technique using interviews to collect data. The research methodology is qualitative descriptive, using data collection techniques through interviews. Qualitative descriptive using data collection techniques through interviews. This study involved physical education teachers and classroom teachers from SDN Dasar 1 Gobras Tasikmalaya. The findings of this study indicate that most teachers believe that educational facilities at schools are adequate but need to be improved to ensure more effective active learning. Additionally, there are differences in perception between physical education teachers and classroom teachers, with physical education teachers emphasizing the importance of facilities for classrooms and sports. Additionally, there are differences in perception between physical education teachers and classroom teachers, with physical education teachers emphasizing the importance of facilities for classrooms and sports.

This study aims to analyze the role of Physical Education and Sports (PJOK) teachers in fostering the disciplined character of fifth-grade students at the Nurun Najah Private Elementary Madrasah in Jambi City. Discipline is an important character value that needs to be instilled early on, and PJOK teachers have a strategic role in instilling it through physical activities, games, and rules in learning. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The subjects of the study included PJOK teachers, fifth-grade students, and the head of the madrasah. The results showed that PJOK teachers act as models, mentors, and evaluators in fostering student discipline through the application of rules, giving examples, and positive and negative reinforcement. Supporting factors include school support and student enthusiasm, while constraints include limited facilities and differences in student backgrounds. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of collaboration between teachers, parents, and schools in strengthening the formation of students' disciplined character.

Tarakan City as an archipelago with high maritime activity has a significant risk of water accidents, yet students' swimming skills are still low. This study aims to: (1) evaluate the context of swimming learning in the PJOK curriculum, (2) assess input readiness (teachers, facilities, costs), (3) analyze the learning implementation process, and (4) measure learning outcomes related to student skills and safety. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) evaluation model. Data sources include principals (4 people), physical education teachers (4 people), and students (16 people) from four junior high schools in Tarakan City. The research instruments were semi-structured interview guidelines, observation sheets, and curriculum document analysis. Data collection techniques were conducted through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The data were analyzed qualitatively using cost and benefit analysis techniques to identify the suitability of the program to the needs. The results show that the context of swimming learning is in accordance with the curriculum, but the swimming pool facilities depend on public facilities with limited access. The learning process is in accordance with the lesson plan, but the practice time (2 times/semester) is not sufficient to master the skills. Product evaluation results indicated a good understanding of water safety theory, but low practical swimming skills. Recommendations: (1) Increased frequency of swimming practice, (2) collaboration with local government for the provision of school swimming pools, and (3) teacher training in adaptive teaching methods for beginner students.

This community service activity was motivated by the need to create Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning that is more engaging, interactive, and suited to the characteristics of elementary school students in the digital era. The service team identified a significant potential to integrate print-based learning media with interactive websites as an innovative solution to address monotonous and less visual learning processes. This activity was carried out at SD Tahfidz Al-Jamiel, involving second-grade students as the primary subjects, while teachers acted as facilitators and observers of the learning process. The service method adopted the ABCD (Asset-Based Community Development) approach by utilizing local assets such as students' enthusiasm as digital natives, adequate school facilities, and the school's openness to educational innovation. The activity was implemented through several stages: initial observation, program planning, implementation of learning using interactive media, and a simple evaluation of the activity’s impact.The results of this activity indicated that integrating printed books and interactive websites could enhance students' interest and participation in PJOK learning. Students appeared more active, enthusiastic, and found it easier to understand locomotor movement material being taught. Teachers also responded positively to the media used. This activity demonstrates that digital-based learning transformation can be conducted in a simple and practical manner within the elementary school context and holds great potential for replication in other schools.

This study aims to describe the effect of implementing Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) on improving Physical Education (PJOK) learning outcomes for students. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a design model based on Kurt Lewin's opinion, which consists of four stages: Planning, Acting, Observing, and Reflecting. The research subjects were 40 seventh-grade students of SMP Labschool Unesa 3 in the 2024/2025 academic year. The data collection instrument used in this study was a learning outcome test on the Indonesian Children's Gymnastics Practice Material. This research was conducted over two cycles, each consisting of two meetings and one assessment, which consisted of four stages: planning, action, reflection, and evaluation, from late April to mid-May 2025. Data were analyzed at each cycle, and percentage analysis was performed. The learning outcomes in the first cycle showed that 54% of students achieved mastery, with an average score of 73.19. An improvement was seen in the second cycle, with 80% of students achieving mastery, with an average score of 80.11. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the implementation of Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) can improve the learning outcomes of seventh-grade students of SMP Labschool Unesa 3 in the Indonesian Children's Gymnastics Practice Material.

This study shows that the use of a play-based approach has proven effective in increasing students' learning motivation in Physical Education, Sports, and Health subjects. The research findings reveal that play activities encourage students to be more physically active and to pay more attention to their physical health. Through the implementation of classroom action research over two cycles, it was found that this approach can serve as an effective alternative to enhance students’ active participation in PJOK learning. Based on data collected through observation, documentation, and questionnaires, a significant increase in learning motivation was observed after the play-based approach was applied. The conclusion of this study states that the play-based approach has great potential in fostering interest and enthusiasm for learning among sixth-grade students in class VI D at SD Negeri Lidah Kulon 1 Surabaya in PJOK lessons. Therefore, this approach is recommended for creating a more enjoyable and effective learning atmosphere.

This study aims to improve students' speed skills through the implementation of the cone relay game method in Physical Education and Health (PJOK) for sixth-grade students at SDN Pakis 1. This research employs the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, consisting of two cycles, where each cycle involves planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects are 26 sixth-grade students. Data collection was carried out through speed skill tests and student activity observations. The results of the study show a significant improvement in students' speed skills following the application of the cone relay game method. In the second cycle, most students reached good and excellent categories in speed skills. Additionally, this method positively impacted students' motivation to participate in PJOK learning. Thus, the cone relay game can serve as an effective alternative method to enhance students' speed skills.

This research aims to overcome the problem of low interest in studying in class XI students at SMA Negeri 14 Surabaya through the innovative application of the traditional game Goboy. This research lasted for three months and involved 30 students as research subjects. Research data was obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results show a significant increase in students' interest in learning, especially in the aspects of active participation and enthusiasm in participating in learning. However, there were several obstacles faced during the research, such as limited time and facilities

Education is a conscious and planned effort aimed at developing students' potential to achieve a better life. In the context of physical education, quality learning plays an important role in increasing students' interest and creativity. Physical activity, as taught in PJOK subjects, is very important for students' physical-motor development, especially in junior high school age children. However, observations show that the gross motor development of 7th grade students is not optimal and teachers are less innovative in the use of media and games. Traditional games, such as black and green, can be a solution to improve students' gross motor skills while creating a fun learning atmosphere. This study aims to explore the application of the black and green game in improving the gross motor skills of 13-year-old students, with the hope of making a positive contribution to PJOK learning.

This research aims to motivate students through the application of ball game modifications in PJOK learning. The type of research used is classroom action research (PTK). The time for conducting the research is for 2 cycles, starting from August to September 2024. The subjects in this class action research (PTK) are students in grades IX-8 of SMA Negeri 1 Gedangan with a total of 35 students consisting of 15 boys and 20 girls. The instruments used to obtain data in this class action research are (1) in the form of observation guidelines and questionnaires. The data analysis used in this study is using quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study showed that there was an increase in student motivation through the application of ball game modifications was 4% from the first cycle which then increased to 7% in the second cycle. So it can be concluded that the application of handball game modifications is able to increase student motivation in learning PJOK.

This research uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method with a cyclical approach to increase student learning motivation in Physical Education, Sports and Health (PJOK) subjects. This research was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation and reflection stages. In Cycle I, the average student learning motivation was 44.05%, while in Cycle II it increased significantly to 74.68%, with an increase of 30.63%. This increase shows positive changes in students' interest and enthusiasm for learning. The research results showed that the use of "comic media" during learning in Cycle II was effective in stimulating students' interest and motivation. This increase in motivation also indicates the success of the emphasis on more interesting and participatory learning. These findings illustrate the positive impact of the improvement efforts made in Cycle II in creating a better learning environment. This research provides a positive view regarding the use of the PTK method with a cycle approach and the implementation of "comic media" in increasing students' learning motivation in PJOK subjects. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of innovative approaches to learning to achieve more optimal results.

Character education is a fundamental element in the educational process, especially at the elementary school level where students are at the critical stage of forming values ​​and principles. At this age, students are experiencing rapid physical, mental, emotional and social development. Therefore, character education is very important to help students build strong moral and social foundations. In the context of Physical Education, Sports and Health (PJOK) subjects, the integration of character values ​​not only enriches the curriculum but also strengthens students' moral and social foundations. PJOK's diverse and dynamic activities, such as games, sports and other physical activities, provide an ideal platform for instilling important values ​​such as honesty, discipline, cooperation, responsibility and sportsmanship. Through a systematic and reflective approach, this research identifies effective methods for integrating these values ​​into daily PJOK activities. This includes developing a curriculum designed to promote positive social interactions, increased self-awareness, and appreciation for diversity and inclusion. For example, in team games, students can learn about cooperation, communication, and mutual respect. In individual activities, students can develop self-discipline, responsibility, and sportsmanship. Additionally, teachers can facilitate reflective discussions after activities to help students understand and internalize the values ​​they have put into practice. By systematically integrating character education in PJOK subjects, this research aims to help students not only develop physical abilities, but also build strong character, which will be the foundation for their future development. And thus, PJOK learning does not only focus on physical development but also on strengthening character, which ultimately forms students who are holistically healthy - both physically and socially-emotionally. This research provides new insights into the potential of PJOK learning as a tool for character education, offers concrete strategies for educators to implement these values ​​effectively, and highlights the importance of integrated character education in the elementary school curriculum.

This study aims to develop interactive learning media based on android in physical education, sports and health subjects for class VII SMP Tamansiswa Malang with the help of Unity 3D software. This study used the Borg & Gall Research and Development method. The subjects used were all students of class VII SMP Tamansiswa Malang. For data collection instruments in the form of observation, by observing the process of learning activities directly on subjects of physical education, sports, and health on health material. This research was validated by physical education, sports and health learning experts, learning media experts, and physical education, sports and health teachers for class VII SMP Tamansiswa with a very decent category. Then the results of the overall product trial involving all VII grade students of Tamansiswa Malang Middle School were divided into two small group trials with a sample of 10 students obtaining 83.37% results and large group trials with all VII grade students obtaining 95.34% results so very worthy. Based on the data that has been obtained, it can be concluded that the android-based interactive learning media developed for class VII students of SMP Tamansiswa Malang is categorized as very feasible and can be used without revision.  

Gross motor development is very important for children's growth and development. The purpose of this study was to describe the improvement of children's gross motor skills in PJOK learning in grade III SDN 2 Tuguraja through the application of traditional gobag sodor games. This research method is Classroom Action Research (PTK). Data collection techniques through observation, tests and documentation. The subjects of this study were grade III students of SDN 2 Tuguraja with a total of 26 students. The results showed that there was an increase in children's gross motor skills through the application of traditional gobag sodor games. The increase can be seen from the results of the study; pre-cycle with an average gain of 70.67, namely 11 students (42.30%) completed KKM and 15 students (57.70%) did not complete KKM, after the first cycle action, the average score was 78.36, namely 14 students (53.85%) completed KKM and 12 students (46.15%) did not complete KKM, then in cycle II saw a significant increase, the average score acquisition was 86.53 showing 22 students (84.62%) completed KKM and 4 students (15.38%) were incomplete KKM. Based on the results of research for 2 cycles, it can be concluded that through the application of traditional gobag sodor games can improve gross motor skills of grade III SDN 2 Tuguraja students, especially in balanced and agile movements.

This study aims to develop an e-module for physical education subjects, sports and health on physical fitness material for seventh grade junior high school students. The type of research is research and development with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Define, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 23 Kerinci, SMP Negeri 10 Kerinci and SMP Negeri 19 Kerinci. is a validation sheet. Data collection techniques in the form of instruments that have been validated by experts. Data analysis techniques use validation sheets. Data analysis techniques use rating scales and percentage ranges. physical fitness for class VII junior high school students is very feasible to be used as teaching material with a validation value of 92.8%, 2) e-module product for physical education subjects, sports and health on physical fitness material for class VII junior high school students which was developed effectively for junior high school students class VII with the results of the effectiveness test of 76.8 > 76.