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This study aims to determine the effect of the combined learning model of Problem Solving with Numbered Head Together (NHT) on the character of mutual cooperation and critical reasoning abilities of fourth-grade students of SD Negeri Kanigoro 03. This type of research uses a quantitative approach with a Posttest Only Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The research subjects consisted of two classes, namely class IV A as the experimental group and class IV B as the control group, each consisting of 23 students. The research instruments included an observation sheet of mutual cooperation character and a critical reasoning ability test. Data analysis was carried out through normality, homogeneity, and t-test using SPSS with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The t-test produced a calculated t value of 2.940 > t table 2.015 with a significance of 0.019 for the character of mutual cooperation and a calculated t value of 2.343 > t table 2.015 with a significance of 0.024 for critical reasoning abilities. These results demonstrate that the combined Problem Solving and NHT models significantly enhance students' mutual cooperation and critical reasoning skills. Therefore, implementing this model effectively develops students' cognitive competencies and character, aligned with the Pancasila student profile.

Literacy skills play an important  role in helping students clarify basic concepts, build relationships between concepts, reason and test each detail of each interrelated information and are able to derive each concept, thus students are accustomed to understanding each scientific process and activity carried out in Biology learning. The relationship between these two skills trains students to actively carry out in-depth scientific investigations.The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between scientific literacy skills and scientific explanation skills in empowering scientific reasoning skills through the application of the Remap-NHT (Reading Concept Map-Numbered Head Together) learning model. This study included a quasi-experiment using a non-equivalent pretest-post-test control group design with a total sample of 85 eleventh grade students in the Natural Sciences department at SMAN 4 Malang in the 2023/2024 academic year. The population was distributed into 3 groups. Scientific literacy skills and scientific reasoning skills were assessed using an essay test, while scientific explanation skills were assessed using an assessment rubric. Data analysis was tested using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that (1) there was a significant relationship between scientific literacy skills and scientific reasoning skills; (2) there is a significant relationship between scientific explanation skills and scientific reasoning skills; and (3) there is a significant relationship between scientific literacy skills and scientific explanation skills that have an integral effect on scientific reasoning skills. The interrelationship between scientific literacy skills, scientific explanation skills and scientific reasoning skills can be observed in the regression equation Y = 0.317 * X1 + 0.995 * X2 + 30.113. Based on the findings, it is concluded that Remap-NHT is able to improve students' scientific literacy skills, scientific explanation skills, and scientific reasoning skills, the interrelationships of which influence each other.

This classroom action research aims to improve students' memory in learning the "Degree of Comparison" material by implementing the Numbered Head Together cooperative model. The study was conducted at SMAN 2 Pamekasan with 34 students of class XI-C1 as subjects. The research was carried out in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation, test, and documentation. The indicators measured included two cognitive aspects, namely: (1) ability to recall comparative and superlative structures, task completion accuracy, cooperation in group work, and adherence to instructions. The results showed a significant increase in students' memory levels. At the pre-cycle stage, only 11.8% of students were in the high category, in cycle I increased to 44.1%, and in cycle II reached 73.5%. This proves that the NHT model is effective in improving students' memory and understanding of English grammar topics and is expected to develop collaborative learning.

The enhancement of student learning outcomes is a primary goal of various innovations in teaching methods. This study systematically reviews the effectiveness of cooperative learning methods, specifically Jigsaw Learning and Numbered Heads Together (NHT), in improving student learning outcomes. Using a systematic literature review approach, the research analyzes twelve studies published between 2019 and 2025 that compare these two methods. The findings indicate that both Jigsaw Learning and NHT possess unique strengths; Jigsaw Learning fosters deep understanding through collaborative expertise, while NHT promotes active participation through structured discussions. Despite some studies showing no significant differences in effectiveness, others highlight context-dependent advantages of each method. The implications suggest that educators should consider the specific learning objectives and student characteristics when selecting or combining these methods to optimize educational outcomes.

The purpose of this author's research is to see the comparison of students' PAI learning outcomes using the Rotating Trio Exchange (RTE) and Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning models at SMP Negeri 1 Banuhampu in class VII students and compare PAI learning outcomes with the two learning models. The type of research used is experimental with a quantitative approach. The population was all seventh grade students consisting of 9 classes and a total of 275 students. The sample in this study used random techniques, obtained 2 classes that became samples with details of 58 students. The classes taken were VII.1 and VII.2. Data were collected through the scores of students' PAI learning outcomes obtained through the PAI learning outcomes test in the form of multiple choice. The results of the research that has been done, the results show that there are learning outcomes of students who use the RTE learning model have been above the KKM value of 76. And the learning outcomes of students who use the NHT learning model have been above the KKM score of 76. And there is also a significant difference in the PAI learning outcomes of students in the RTE learning model with the method of Shapiro Wilk at sig 0.05, as well as the NHT learning model.

This research is an action to find out the influence of the NHT learning model assisted  by Ice Breaking on the Learning Interest of Class XI C.1 Students of SMA Negeri 1 Kuta Utara. This classroom action research conducts a reflective action in order to improve learning practices for students in terms of professionalism. In this class action research, the subject of the study is students of class XI C1 SMA Negeri 1 Kuta Utara for the 2023/2024 school year consisting of 38 students. The score of 55.59 (low category) shows the results of the analysis of the first cycle. It is clear that students' interest in learning is still relatively low and there needs to be a big improvement in the second cycle. The score of 89.1 (very high category) was shown in cycle II after a careful analysis of the improvements in cycle I. So from the data obtained and processed in cycles I and II, it can be concluded that there is an influence in mathematics learning with the application of  the Numbered Head Together  type cooperative learning model assisted by Ice Breaking.

Social Studies (IPS) is a program in a lesson that has a scientific field so it is also called a scientific discipline. Social studies also has its own perspective that is integrated from all other subjects and also has a very broad discussion of human behavior that can be studied in detail and studied in depth. Basically social studies has a combination of a number of other subjects, for that social studies is a new field of study, which is then introduced to students. Of all social studies also has basic concepts that must know. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to describe the learning planning, and implementation of learning through cooperative learning model type NHT (Numbered Head Together) that can improve the basic skills of social studies and learning outcomes of classroom students. The method used in this research is Action Research. The results of this study showed an increase in each cycle 1- 3 namely; The value of learning planning becomes very good. The value of teacher performance in learning becomes very good. The achievement of basic social studies skills in students, namely, skillful reached 87%, which means that of the 8 indicators has been achieved as a whole. Increased student learning outcomes, for cycle 1 students who completed reached 20 of the total students, for cycle 2 students who completed reached 26 of the total students and cycle 3 students who completed reached 34.

This study was motivated by the low understanding of mathematical concepts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi. Based on the results of the documentation study, the percentage of students with daily test scores below the 55 criterion ranged from 50% to 81%. Observations and interviews revealed that learning was still dominated by teachers, while students were less active in the learning process. This study aims to determine the significant effect of the Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model on students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This experimental study used the Static Group Comparison Design. The population of the study was class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi in the 2021/2022 academic year consisting of 127 students from 4 classes. The sample was taken randomly, with class VIII1 as the experimental class and VIII2 as the control class. The research instrument was a mathematical concept understanding test. The results of data analysis using the t-test showed a calculated t value > t table (3.269 > 1.67) at a significance level of 0.05. From SPSS, a significant value of 0.02 <0.05 was obtained so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant influence of the NHT learning model on the understanding of mathematical concepts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi.    

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dan Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) terhadap hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam siswa kelas V di SDIT Al Hidayah Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen semu dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest control group design, melibatkan dua kelompok eksperimen yang masing-masing diberikan perlakuan berbeda: NHT dan STAD. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai post-test siswa yang diajar dengan model NHT berbasis masalah kontekstual cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan model STAD. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa data kelas NHT berdistribusi normal, sementara data kelas STAD tidak berdistribusi normal pada uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov, tetapi berdistribusi normal pada uji Shapiro-Wilk. Analisis uji t menunjukkan bahwa model NHT memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa, sedangkan model STAD tidak. Uji ANOVA juga menegaskan bahwa model NHT secara signifikan mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Kesimpulannya, model pembelajaran NHT berbasis masalah kontekstual lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam siswa dibandingkan dengan model STAD.

Peningkatan Minat Dan Hasil Belajar Tematik Mengunakan  Model Kooperatif  Tipe NHT Di Kelas VI SDN174/II Apung Ilir Kecamatan Bathin III Ulu Kabupaten Bungo. Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan universitas Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo. Penelitian ini berawal dari rendahnya minat, proses, dan  hasil belajar Tematik pada saat proses pembelajaran, sesuai dengan Indikator minat rendahnya minat belajar peserta didik dilihat dari tidak aktifnya peserta didik saat belajar di SDN 174/II Apung Ilir. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tidakan kelas dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif sederhana. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VI SDN 174/II Apung ilir. Dalam pelaksaana penelitian ini mengunakan dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi pada masing-masing siklus. Pengumpulan data mengunkan angket, lembar observasi, dan tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengunaan model Kooperatif Tipe NHT dapat meningkat minat, proses dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan minat belajar peserta didik pada siklus I pertemuan 1 (34,58%) dan pertemuan 2 (53,8%), pada siklus II petemuan 1 (77,08%) dan pertemuan 2 (93,33%). Proses belajar peserta didik pada siklus I pertemuan 1 (40,26%) dan pertemuan 2 (55,89%) pada siklus II pertemuan 1 (64,51%) dan pertemuan 2 (89,23%). dan hasil belajar peserta didik siklus I pertemuan 1 (33,33%) dan pertemuan 2 (50%), pada siklus II pertemuan 1 (66,66%) dan pertemuan 2 (83,33%).

This study aims to determine whether the NHT type cooperative learning model with the help of LKPD can improve student learning outcomes in grade X of SMA Negeri 1 Stabat. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) or action research which consists of 2 cycles, where each cycle consists of 1 meeting. The subjects in this study were students of grade X Science 1 SMA Negeri 1 Stabat consisting of 36 students. The object of this study is the results of student learning with the application of the Numbered Head Together type cooperative learning model with the help of Student Worksheets in grade X Science 1 SMA Negeri 1 Stabat. From the results of the study can be concluded the following: (1) There is an increase in students' mathematics learning outcomes. This can be seen by the achievement of classical completeness in the initial test obtained 30.56%, in the learning outcome test I increased to 61.11%, and in the learning outcome test II increased to 86.11%, so that based on the results of the data analysis it was obtained that this study had reached the specified success indicators. (2) After the implementation of the Numbered Head Together learning model with the help of Student Worksheets, students' mathematics learning outcomes have been classically completed to 86.11%.

This research uses a quasi-experimental method with a pretest and post-test control group design research design. This research uses the Numbered Head Together Cooperative Learning model to improve student learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano for the 2022/20223 academic year. The sample in this study was class. The average post-test score obtained in the experimental class was 87.7, and the average in the control class was 78.1. The data analysis technique used is the t-test with the condition that the data comes from a normally distributed and homogeneous population—test normality using the Lililefors test and homogeneity. Based on the hypothesis of the research statistical data, a tcount of 2,730 was obtained. Based on the ttable with α=0.005 and degrees of freedom (dk) = n1 + n2 -2 =20+20-2= 38, By looking at the ttable, we get ttable = 1.688. So tcount is greater than ttable, namely tcount = 2,730 > ttable = 1,688. Thus, according to the test criteria, if tcount > ttable, then H0 is rejected, so hypothesis H1 is accepted, and it is concluded that there is an influence of using the Numbered Head Together model on student learning outcomes in the human respiratory system material at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano.

The problem that occurs in this study is the low learning outcomes caused by a lack of teachers in using models and media in learning. Alternatives to solving these problems are using the Problem Based Learning model, Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education, and Number Head Together. The research objective is to describe the activities of educators, students, and to analyze learning outcomes. The approach used in this discovery is a qualitative approach with the type of PTK, which is carried out in 2 cycles consisting of three meetings. The subjects of this study were 18 grade VI students at SDN Kelayan Selatan 10. Qualitative data obtained through observing the activities of educators and students. While quantitative data through measurement techniques with individual written tests. Data analysis in this finding uses descriptive analysis techniques and cross-tabulations translated into tables, graphs and interpretations with percentages. The results of these findings show that educator activities get a score of 24 in the "very good" category. experienced an increase from a score of 30 to 36 in the "Very Good" category. Classical student activities reached 100% in the "very active" category. As well as student learning outcomes have achieved 100% completeness classically and individually. Based on these findings it can be concluded that using the PBL, PMRI, and NHT models can increase learning activities and outcomes.

The lack of literacy regarding the values ​​of the Pancasila ideology causes students' understanding to be low, this is proven by the students' scores being still below the KKTP, namely 75. Then also when interacting in class, some students say things that are impolite, make fun of each other, dress some less neatly, and less orderly. Besides that, the way of learning is monotonous and lacks enthusiasm. Then learning is less varied. This research aims 1). Knowing the teacher's activities in implementing the number heads together type Cooperative learning model in increasing students' understanding of the values ​​of the Pancasila ideology. 2). find out students' activities in implementing the number heads together type cooperative learning model in increasing understanding of the values ​​of Pancasila ideology 3). Find out the results of implementing the number heads together type cooperative planning model in increasing understanding of the values ​​of the Pancasila ideology. The research method used is classroom action research. Data collection uses observation and also written tests. The subjects of this research were PAI teachers and 12 students. The results of this research are as follows: 1). The teacher's activities in implementing the Number Head Together (NHT) learning model in class V of SDN 2 Tumbang Kalang were declared successful. This statement is in accordance with the observation results of almost all of the 21 learning process items being implemented. Likewise, the model applied from the six five learning steps has been fulfilled. 2). Students' activities in applying the Number Head Together (NHT) learning model in class V of SDN 2 Tumbang Kalang can increase in cycle II. This can be seen from the 13 activity items from introduction to conclusion, almost all of which were fulfilled, as well as the model implemented, almost all of which were fulfilled. 3). The use of the Number Head Together (NHT) learning model in class V of SDN 2 Tumbang Kalang can increase understanding of the values ​​of the Pancasila ideology in cycle I, namely 66.66% and increase in cycle II to 91.66% with an average class score of 70 in cycle 1 to 78.33 in cycle II

This research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of class VIII FIKIH MTsN 10 Agam. Researchers see the low UTS scores and the way student learn is still lacking during the FIKIH learning process. The hypothesis and this research is that the use of the Number Heads Together (NHT). On the learning outcomes of class VIII FIKIH MTsN 10 Agam. This research is a quantitative research using a quasi – experimental research design. The population in this study were all students of class VIII MTsN 10 Agam and the sample classes were class VIII 2 and class VIII 4. The instrument that the researcher used was the results of the FIKIH subject test in the form of multiple choice questions. As many as 20 questions with als material. The result of the reseach conducted by the researcher showed that the percentage of students completeness was hinger than the percentage of students completeness in the control class average score of 79,76 in the experimental class while in the control class there where  21 students who achieved KKM only 8 students with an average of 62,38 with a percentage of 86% experimental completeness and control class completeness 38% influence of the Number Heads Together (NHT) cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes in the FIKIH alms subject class VIII MTsN 10 Agam

The background to this research is that students lack enthusiasm and are less active in the Fiqh subjects taught by the teacher during learning. Lack of cooperation can trigger students to be active and discuss learning with their friends. Based on this, the researchers tried to offer a Numbered Head Together (NHT) Cooperative learning model. The formulation of the problem in this research is how much influence the Numbered Head Together (NHT) Cooperative Learning Model has on student learning activities in the Class XI Fiqh subject at MAN 1 Bukittinggi City. This research aims to determine how much influence the Numbered Head Together (NHT) Cooperative Learning Model has on student learning activities in the Class XI Fiqh subject at MAN 1 Bukittinggi City. The type of research used in this research uses quantitative research methods with a quasi-experimental approach. In this study, a nonequivalent control group design was used. The population in this research were all class XI students at MAN 1 Bukittinggi City. Sampling was carried out randomly and class XI IPS 2 was selected as the control class and class XI IPS 3 as the experimental class. The results of this research can be explained that there is an increase in the learning activity of experimental class students with the Numbered Head Together (NHT) model compared to learning in the control class without any treatment. Based on hypothesis testing, it is known that there are differences in fiqh learning activities between experimental class and control class students, namely based on the t-test, tcount = 3.491 and ttable = 1.66. Based on the results obtained, the value tcount > ttable so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that the Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning model influences students' fiqh learning activities.

Religious intolerance in Indonesia is quite high. In 2013 there were 245 violations of religious freedom. The attitude of intolerance found in the educational environment affects the learning outcomes of student. Research purposes: 1) To find out that learning using the LKS assisted NHT method has achieved completeness 2) to determine the effect of tolerance on the learning outcomes. 3) To find out changes in student learning achievement by applying the LKS assisted NHT method. Researchers used quantitative experimental research with the instruments: self-assessment questionnaires and knowledge tests. The results average score of tolerance assessment was 82.37 indicating that the LKS assisted NHT method was effective in increasing tolerance and PAK learning outcomes. The posttest score increased with a class average of 86.37. The regression test showed a positive effect of tolerance on learning achievement of 84%. The LKS assisted NHT method is effective in increasing PAK tolerance and learning achievement.

Permasalahan penelitian menujukkan kepada guru yang masih menggunakan model pembelajaran yang monoton, metode yang digunakan kurang bervarian seperti hanya ceramah satu arah, penugasan yang tidak bervariatif, tanya jawab. Jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan dua siklus dan untuk tiap siklusnya terdiri dari empat tahapan diantaranya perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi melalui Model Cooperative Learning tipe NHT pada mata pelajaran SKI. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X dengan jumlah siswa 36 siswa dengan perincian 17 siswa laki-laki dan 19 siswa perempuan. Hasil penelitian bahwa pada pelaksanaan siklus I terdapat  hasil peningkatan pemahaman belajar siswa diperoleh dari 36 siswa yaitu siswa yang telah mencapai ketuntasan belajar sebanyak 21 siswa dan siswa yang tidak mencapai tuntas belajar sebanyak 15 siswa dengan persentase 58,33% dan dapat termasuk dalam kriteria baik. Pada siklus II, siswa sudah menunjukkan peningkatan hasil pemahaman yang sangat baik, dengan pencapaian ketuntasan belajar sebanyak 31 siswa dan yang tidak mencapai ketuntasan belajar 5 siswa dengan persentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar 86,66% dan termasuk dalam kriteria sangat baik. Pada siklus I dan siklus II pemahaman siswa dengan menggunakan Model Cooperative Learning tipe NHT telah meningkat dan peningkatannya sebesar 28,33%. Berdasarkan dari hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan dengan Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Learning Type Numberred Head Together (NHT)  pada mata pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam dapat meningkatkan pemahaman belajar siswa kelas X  MAN 1 Langkat    

This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of the STAD learning model with NHT on the problem solving ability of students in class X Mipa 3 and 4 at SMA Negeri 9 Malang with the material being taught is kingdom Monera this research is a qusi-experimental research using a purposive sampling design. The population in this study amounted to 68 students who werea a combination of all class X in the school, while the sample was taken from two classes with 34 participants in the each class. The class was divided into control and experimental classes, where each class used conventional model for the control class and combination of STAD and NHT learning model for the experimental class. The study measures the problem solving ability of students. The data collection teachniques in the study were in the from of problem solving ability tests, observations, interview, documention with instruments in the from of lesson plans, LKPD, LKPD assement rubrics, observation sheets on the implementation of learning implematation plans, and problem solving ability instrument sheets in the from pre-test and post-test essays. Test analysis of research data used inferential statistical analysis with covariate analysis (anacova). The result of the hypothesis test showed that there was a significant effect, namely 0.008 < 0,05 from the learning model combination the STAD and NHT models with the kingdom monera material in class X at SMA Negeri 9 Malang.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the NHT type cooperative learning model on learning outcomes of basic volleyball passing techniques. This type of research is a quasi- experimental (quasi-experimental) research design using the non-randomized control group pretest- posttest design. The research subjects were 53 students of class XI AKL 1 SMK Darussalam Karangpucung Kabupaten Cilacap Regency for the 2019/2020 academic year. Learning outcome data were collected through the pretest and posttest. Data analysis used t-test with SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Experiments were carried out 3 times beyond pretest-posttest treatment. Learning outcome data were collected through objective tests, observation and performance. In the experimental group the pretest score was 66.48, while the control group was 64.0. The results of the posttest score in the experimental group obtained an average value of 82.76. While the control group obtained an average value of 78.18. The average normalized gain score obtained in each group is in the experimental group of 0.5 while the control group is 0.4. The significance number obtained is sig 0.001 <0.05. From the research results, it can be concluded that the learning outcomes of students who were given treatment using the NHT type of cooperative learning model were more improved compared to the control group given the conventional learning model. The NHT type cooperative learning model has a significant effect on the improvement of learning outcomes of the basic techniques of volleyball passing in class XI AKL 1 SMK Darussalam Karangpucung Kabupaten Cilacap.