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Growing life expectancy continues to shift global demographic patterns and significantly increase the proportion of older adults, thereby creating an urgent need for innovative programs that promote wellbeing, maintain functional capacity, and encourage meaningful social participation. This community service initiative aimed to strengthen both motor and cognitive function among older adults through structured and interactive board game activities designed to stimulate thinking, coordination, and social interaction. The program employed a mixed descriptive approach, utilizing interviews, direct observation, and brief assessments conducted before and after the intervention period. Cognitive status was measured using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), while muscle strength was assessed through Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) to capture changes in physical performance. Quantitative analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, qualitative findings demonstrated meaningful positive changes, including increased motivation, more active participation, improved emotional responsiveness, enhanced social interaction, and greater awareness of brain–body coordination among participants. These findings indicate that although short-term measurable changes were limited, board game–based activities can provide valuable psychosocial benefits. When implemented repeatedly and consistently as part of routine programs, such activities may contribute to maintaining cognitive engagement, supporting emotional wellbeing, and fostering a more active and participatory lifestyle among older adults.

This study aims to describe the implementation of ecobrick activities as an environmentally friendly initiative and as a strategy to enhance fine motor development in early childhood aged 4-6 years in Jatirejo Village, Pasuruan Regency. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using observation, interviews, documentation, and hands-on ecobrick practice. The findings indicate that the ecobrick process-which includes collecting plastic waste, washing, drying, cutting, inserting plastic pieces into bottles, and compressing the contents-effectively improves children’s fine motor skills, particularly in hand-eye coordination, finger strength, accuracy, and cutting ability. Children demonstrated positive responses, including high enthusiasm, curiosity, and increased awareness of environmental preservation. The activity also strengthened children’s social development through cooperation, communication, and shared responsibility. Overall, ecobrick activities function not only as an innovative waste-management solution but also as an educational medium that holistically supports child development and instills environmental awareness from an early age.

Gross motor development is an essential aspect of early childhood education because it contributes to body coordination, balance, muscle strength, and children’s readiness for physical activities. One of the activities that can be used to stimulate gross motor skills is dancing, particularly regional creative dance. This community service program aims to implement the Janger creative dance as a medium to develop gross motor skills in kindergarten group B children. The method used was evaluative with the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product), involving observation, interviews, and documentation. The activity was carried out once a week through stages of rhythm introduction, basic movements, body coordination, and simple dance sequences. The results showed that more than 80% of the children experienced improvement in aspects of balance, movement coordination, agility, and large muscle control. In addition, the activity also enhanced children's self-confidence, courage, and social interaction. Therefore, the Janger dance is proven to be effective as a gross motor stimulation and is suitable to be used as a culturally based learning strategy in early childhood education.

Gross motor development is an essential aspect of early childhood education because it contributes to body coordination, balance, muscle strength, and children’s readiness for physical activities. One of the activities that can be used to stimulate gross motor skills is dancing, particularly regional creative dance. This community service program aims to implement the Janger creative dance as a medium to develop gross motor skills in kindergarten group B children. The method used was evaluative with the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product), involving observation, interviews, and documentation. The activity was carried out once a week through stages of rhythm introduction, basic movements, body coordination, and simple dance sequences. The results showed that more than 80% of the children experienced improvement in aspects of balance, movement coordination, agility, and large muscle control. In addition, the activity also enhanced children's self-confidence, courage, and social interaction. Therefore, the Janger dance is proven to be effective as a gross motor stimulation and is suitable to be used as a culturally based learning strategy in early childhood education.

This research focused on improving fine motor development in early childhood through creative learning activities that utilize recycled materials, designed and implemented using the ADDIE instructional model. The study involved children from class B2 at TK Prawidya Darma and was conducted systematically through five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Throughout the learning process, children were engaged in a variety of hands-on craft activities, including cutting, folding, gluing, and assembling recycled objects, which were intentionally structured to train hand–eye coordination, finger flexibility, and concentration. The results demonstrate that learning activities based on recycled materials offer rich and meaningful experiences for young learners. Children showed noticeable improvements in accuracy, independence, and creative expression while completing tasks. In addition, the use of recycled materials helped cultivate environmental awareness from an early age, as children learned the value of reusing everyday objects. The classroom atmosphere became more interactive and enjoyable, with students actively participating and showing enthusiasm during the activities. Overall, the findings indicate that creative recycling-based activities are effective in supporting fine motor skill development through enjoyable, practical, and environmentally friendly learning experiences. This study concludes that integrating recycled materials into creative activities can be an innovative, sustainable, and pedagogically valuable approach for early childhood education programs.

The rapid growth of the digital era significantly reduces children's physical activity, thus having an impact on decreasing gross and fine motor development in elementary school-age children. The habit of excessive use of gadgets causes children to tend to be passive and less involved in structured movement activities. Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS), as the basis of motor competence which includes locomotor, non-locomotor, and manipulative skills, shows increasingly less than optimal development in early childhood and school age. This study examines the contribution of FMS to children's motor development and evaluates the effectiveness of FMS-based learning media, especially modified snake and ladder games, in improving students' basic movement skills. The study used a descriptive-correlational quantitative design involving 40 students aged 6–9 years who were selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) instrument, structured observation rubrics, and supporting documentation. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation tests to see the relationships between variables. The findings of this research are expected to be the basis for the development of more innovative, adaptive, and fun physical education programs to support children's motor development in the midst of the challenges of the digital era.

This study aims to analyze in depth the role of drumband extracurricular activities in developing motor and cognitive abilities of early childhood at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 50 Kindergarten, Surabaya. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires involving teachers, parents, and students as research subjects. The results show that drumband activities provide a positive contribution to the development of gross and fine motor skills of children, especially through rhythmic movement exercises, hand-eye coordination, and body control when playing musical instruments. In addition to motor aspects, drumband activities also play a role in improving children's cognitive abilities, such as concentration, memory, the ability to follow instructions, and understanding musical patterns and rhythms. Children's active participation in drumband activities also helps shape discipline, the ability to work together in groups, and increases children's self-confidence. Thus, drumband extracurricular activities can be used as an effective and enjoyable learning medium to support the motor and cognitive development of early childhood holistically and sustainably.  

Developing students' creativity at the elementary school level is an important part of shaping 21st century character and skills. One approach that can be taken is through hand training with cardboard and printed images. This student service activity aims to train the creativity of fourth grade students at SDN 3 Palangka through cardboard weaving training as an innovative learning medium. This activity is motivated by the need for more interesting, active, and enjoyable learning for students. The training is carried out through several stages, namely the compaction of basic weaving techniques, independent practice by students, and evaluation of the work produced. Students are given the freedom to be creative using pieces of used cardboard, with direct guidance from the implementation team and accompanying teachers. The results of the activity show that students are very enthusiastic about participating in this activity. They are able to produce various simple new forms with creative displays that can be used as visual aids in the learning process. In addition to producing work, this activity also forms positive student character such as cooperation, responsibility, perseverance, and courage in displaying work. This activity proves that skills-based training can be a solution to present more lively and meaningful learning. Therefore, this kind of activity is very relevant to be continued and developed as part of a sustainable school program.

This quasi-experimental study aims to find out if playing traditional games like asingasing and dende can help young children in group B at TK Kemala Bhayangkari 06 Tallo improve their gross motor skills. We are testing the traditional games to see if they make a difference, and the main thing being studied is how well the children develop their gross motor skills. The study included all the children in group B, which had a total of 38 students. The sample was divided into two groups: group B1, which played the dende game and had 20 children, and group B2, which played the asingasing game and had 18 children. The researchers collected data using a checklist to observe the children. They also analyzed the data using descriptive and inferential methods. Result showed that playing traditional games like asingasing and dende helped children's gross motor development. The assessment showed that children who played the traditional games had average scores in the developing category, which was expected, and children who played the dende game even reached the very well-developed category.

Anak difabel memiliki kebutuhan khusus akibat adanya gangguan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, baik secara fisik, sensorik, intelektual, maupun emosional. Salah satu gangguan yang umum adalah gangguan motorik, yang berdampak pada keterbatasan dalam melakukan aktivitas fisik sehari-hari. Penanganan melalui latihan motorik yang sesuai sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot, koordinasi, fleksibilitas, serta efikasi diri anak. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di YPAC Surakarta dengan tujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan guru olahraga dan orang tua mengenai pentingnya latihan motorik yang disesuaikan dengan klasifikasi gangguan anak. Metode kegiatan meliputi observasi, penyuluhan, pelatihan langsung, dan evaluasi menggunakan pre-test, post-test, serta monitoring keberlanjutan latihan di rumah. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan latihan yang individual dan terstruktur dapat meningkatkan pemahaman pendamping (guru dan orang tua), sekaligus membantu anak difabel mengembangkan potensi fisik dan psikologisnya. Kolaborasi antara pendidik, orang tua, serta tenaga profesional menjadi kunci dalam membentuk anak difabel yang berdaya saing dan berjiwa juara

Anak dengan Down Syndrome (DS) menghadapi berbagai hambatan perkembangan, baik secara fisik, kognitif, sosial, maupun emosional, sehingga memerlukan layanan khusus. Salah satu masalah utama yang dialami adalah rendahnya keseimbangan akibat hipotonia, kelemahan otot, gangguan postural, serta keterbatasan sistem sensorimotor, yang berimplikasi pada risiko jatuh dan keterlambatan motorik. Selain itu, anak DS juga cenderung mengalami hambatan dalam sosialisasi yang berdampak pada rendahnya rasa percaya diri. Penelitian dan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di SLB D1 Surakarta ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan dan rasa percaya diri melalui intervensi menari di atas landasan dengan berbagai tekstur permukaan serta pemberian buku cerita interaktif. Metode yang digunakan meliputi baseline assessment, sosialisasi, latihan motorik, serta evaluasi melalui pre-test dan post-test terhadap pengetahuan guru pendamping dan orang tua. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada pemahaman orang tua dan guru mengenai pentingnya keseimbangan dan rasa percaya diri, dengan capaian pengetahuan baik meningkat dari 57,9% menjadi 89,5%. Selain itu, anak menunjukkan keterlibatan aktif dalam latihan yang menyenangkan, yang diyakini dapat memperbaiki kontrol postural sekaligus memupuk rasa percaya diri melalui pengalaman positif. Dengan demikian, kegiatan menari dan membaca buku cerita bergambar dapat menjadi strategi komplementer yang efektif untuk mendukung tumbuh kembang anak DS secara holistik.

Fine motor skills are the abilities to control small muscles for successful skill performance.  Developing fine motor skills in children is crucial to prepare them for writing upon entering formal education (elementary school). This research aimed to analyze the influence of beading body part pictures on the fine motor skill development of 5-6-year-old children at RA Mawar Ar-Rahman. This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach. The population consisted of 38 respondents, with all 38 included in the study using total sampling. The intervention was implemented over four sessions, three days apart, using the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST II), observation sheets, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), and beading modules as instruments. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that before the beading activity, almost half of the respondents (17 respondents, 44.7%) showed developing fine motor skills. After the beading activity, a significantly larger number of respondents (23 respondents, 60.5%) showed very good development. This indicates a significant influence of beading body part pictures on the fine motor skill development of 56-year-old children at RA Mawar Ar-Rahman (p-value 0.001 < α = 0.05). Playing stringing games can develop fine motor skills and optimize children’s development. It looks enjoyable for the children, increases their knowledge, and also encourages them to communicate with one another.

This study aims to test and find out the influence of the art of folding paper in improving Fine motor skills in early childhood, specifically for children aged 5 to 6 years, were studied at Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten in Makassar City. This research is quantitative and uses an experimental approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study involved 17 children in the B1 group. Data was collected using test performance, observation, documentation, and children's checklist sheets based on the indicators of child development outlined in Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 17 of 2023. The data was analyzed using a non-parametric test called the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that the pre-test score was 12.7, which increased to 17.1 after the children were given lessons in the art of folding paper, or origami. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test analysis produced a Z value of 3.630 with an Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) significance of 0.000. Since this significance is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. This means there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results. Therefore, it can be concluded that the activity of folding paper has a significant effect on improving fine motor skills in children aged 5 to 6 years.in early childhood in Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten in Makassar City.                                                                                                                                                                                       

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of teachers in developing fine motor skills in paper weaving in Group B children at Oikumene Kindergarten, Sorong Regency. The research method used in this study was descriptive with a qualitative approach, namely data compiled in narrative and objective words. The results showed that children aged 5-6 years at Oikumene Kindergarten, Sorong Regency, engaged in several activities that can improve their fine motor skills, such as cutting, writing, weaving, shaping, folding, drawing, and so on. The results of the observations conducted by the researcher revealed that out of 15 children, 10 were in the Very Well Developed (BSB) indicator, while 4 children were in the Developing as Expected (BSH) indicator, and 1 child was in the Beginning to Develop (MB) indicator. According to the researcher's observations, the 1 child in the Beginning to Develop category was influenced by other factors, so the child remained in the Beginning to Develop indicator.

The background of this research highlights the crucial role of vocabulary mastery in children’s language development, which significantly impacts their social interactions and learning processes. This study focuses on developing the Magic Star Box as a learning medium aimed at enhancing the gross motor skills of children aged 4–5 years. The Magic Star Box is an adaptation of stop-motion media, designed to create an engaging and enjoyable learning atmosphere by integrating words and images. The research applies a Research and Development (R&D) method, simplified into four stages: identifying potentials and problems, collecting data, designing the product, and validating the design. Validation from subject matter experts and game design experts indicated that the Magic Star Box is feasible for improving children’s vocabulary. This medium is expected to provide an innovative, engaging, and effective learning solution for young learners

Motor development in infants is a crucial process that occurs gradually and follows the principles of age-appropriate development. Each fundamental motor stage—such as tummy time, rolling over, sitting, crawling, standing, and walking—must be passed through sequentially to ensure optimal motor concept development. Skipping or insufficient stimulation of these stages may lead to difficulties in understanding functional body movements. One of the main causes of delayed motor development includes a lack of motor stimulation time, overly restrictive parental supervision, and low levels of motivation and stimulation provided to the child. Tummy time, or placing the baby in a prone position while awake, is a proven effective form of motor stimulation that supports the development of the baby’s neck, back, and arm muscles. This activity also assists infants in reaching subsequent developmental milestones such as rolling over and crawling. This Community Service Program (PkM) was conducted at the Physioroom Clinic and was attended by 15 mothers with infants aged 3 to 6 months. The objective of the program was to enhance mothers’ knowledge regarding the importance of tummy time in supporting infant motor development. The program's implementation included educational sessions, tummy time practice demonstrations, group discussions, and interactive Q&A sessions. To measure the increase in participant knowledge, a pre-test and post-test were administered before and after the activity.The results of this PkM activity showed an increase in the average knowledge score from 6.4 in the pre-test to 8.6 in the post-test. This improvement demonstrates the program’s effectiveness in educating mothers about the benefits of tummy time for infant motor development. It is hoped that the mothers will consistently apply this stimulation at home to optimally support their children's growth and development.

The purpose of this activity is to assist teachers in designing activities that can stimulate the fine motor skills of children in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) KB-Mawar, West Longkoga Village, Bualemo District, Banggai Regency. Method implementation is carried out in the form of direct face-to-face meetings between the activity implementers and the children of PAUD KB-Mawar. The implementation of this activity was carried out on January 25 to February 13, 2025. The desired end result of this activity is that teachers can enrich their skills in managing activities involving natural material media and deepen their understanding of children's fine motor skills.

This research was motivated by the problem of children's low ability to coordinate hand and vision movements, which directly impacts their activities and fine motor skills. This study aims to describe the activities of teachers and children and analyze the development of fine motor skills in group A students at Hidayatullah Kindergarten Barito Kuala. This study used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach with a qualitative design and was conducted over four meetings. The results showed a significant increase in teacher activities and the development of children's fine motor skills. Teacher activities that initially received a score of 18 in the fairly good category increased to a score of 32 in the very good category at the fourth meeting. Meanwhile, at the beginning of the intervention, only 7% of children were in the Very Well Developed (BSB) category. After the first intervention, the percentage of children in the BSB category increased to 27% or five children. A more significant increase occurred at the fourth meeting, with 14 children or 82% falling into the BSB category. The intervention used a project-based learning model combined with a demonstration method in stringing activities using natural materials. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that this model is effective in improving fine motor skills in early childhood. This combination of approaches encourages active child engagement and provides meaningful and contextual learning experiences, contributing to optimal fine motor development.  

Gross motor development in toddlers (aged 1–3 years) serves as a crucial foundation for their physical, cognitive, and social growth. Parental knowledge about the stages of this development is essential for providing appropriate stimulation and early detection of developmental delays. However, studies indicate that many parents, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, still have limited understanding, potentially hindering the optimal development of their children. This study aims to analyze parental knowledge of gross motor development in toddlers through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 20 selected studies conducted between 2020 and 2025. The findings reveal variability in parental knowledge levels, with education, access to digital information, and the role of healthcare professionals identified as key determinants. Recommended interventions include community-based education programs via posyandu (integrated health posts) for rural areas and the use of digital platforms for urban populations, supported by multisectoral policy integration to ensure program effectiveness and sustainability.

This study aims to explore gross motor developmental delays in 6-year-old children as an early indication of possible Tourette syndrome. Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the emergence of spontaneous movements and sounds (tics) that are not realized and can interfere with the child's daily activities. In this study, a qualitative approach was used with a case study method on a boy in Malang City who showed symptoms of motor and vocal tics. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation of the child's activities in the home and school environment. The results of the observation showed that the child had difficulty maintaining balance and showed spontaneous movements such as shaking his head, blinking, and clearing his throat repeatedly. These symptoms do not always appear consistently and occur more often when the child is tired or mildly stressed. Data analysis showed that motor delays were not caused by muscle disorders, but by an imbalance in neurological regulation that affects movement coordination. The main risk factors come from daily habits such as excessive use of gadgets, lack of rest time, and unstable emotional responses. The treatment carried out involves a combination of medication from a neurologist and environmental support such as reducing stress triggers, regulating playtime, and an inclusive educational approach. This study emphasizes the importance of early detection, holistic intervention, and ongoing support from families and educators in dealing with children with Tourette syndrome symptoms so that motor delays do not develop into more serious disorders.