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This article explores the relationship between nationalism and Christian faith from a biblical perspective. Nationalism is often defined as loyalty to nation and state, while Christian faith centres on loyalty to God and His kingdom. In the Indonesian context, churches participated in the nationalism movement from the colonialism era until independence. Based on theological studies, the Bible provides insight that believers' primary loyalty should be to God, although they are also expected to be good citizens. This article uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach to analyse relevant biblical texts as well as related theological literature. The concept of nation in the Bible is examined from the perspective of the Old Testament, which focuses on the ethnic identity of the nation of Israel, to the New Testament, which expands the nation's identity into an inclusive community of faith. The article also highlights the ethical implications of nationalism for Christians, who should reflect the values of justice, love and sacrifice, and avoid exclusionary and xenophobic attitudes.

Samuel's role as Israel's final judge, a leader who carried out the dual function of political and spiritual leader with integrity. Using critical historical interpretation analysis methods. Through in-depth analysis of these verses, this paper identifies Samuel's Faithful Leadership, Active and Inclusive Ministry, Worship as a Life Priority and God as a Just Judge. This article also highlights the relevance of these principles in a modern context, such as the importance of responsible leadership, consistent service, and a God-centered life. By making worship of God the basis of life, Samuel provides an example of leadership that not only brings people to justice, but also maintains a spiritual relationship with God. This paper concludes that true leadership must be based on obedience to Allah and timeless dedication.

The title of Joshua chapter 21:43-45 is “God is Faithful to His Promises”. Is “God is Faithful in Fulfilling His Promises.” In these verses, God shows His faithfulness by giving the Israelites all of In these verses, God shows His faithfulness by giving the Israelites the entire land of Canaan, as He promised to their forefathers. the land of Canaan, just as He promised to their ancestors. Faithfulness God's faithfulness is evident in the fulfillment of His promises, which includes giving the land to His people so that their enemies can be protected. His people so that their enemies could not stand against them; this shows that God not only promises, but shows that God not only promises, but also actively carries out His promises. Carry out His promises. This verse, however, also reminds us that the people's obedience to God's covenant is essential to fully enjoy the blessings, to the fullest. God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises gives hope to every believer. Every believer. As such, Joshua 21:43-45 invites us to believe and live in obedience, while waiting for the fulfillment of God's promises in our lives. promises in our lives.

The Book of Judges describes a period in Israel’s history marked by disobedience to God, leading to oppression by the enemy. In this context, Othniel appears as a judge appointed by God to free the Israelites. His leadership not only functions in a military aspect, but also as a spiritual director who brings the people back to obedience. Through the story of Othniel in Judges 3:7-11, this article explores the theme of leadership in faith, emphasizing the importance of a strong relationship with God and the anointing of the Spirit in leading. This story emphasizes that a true leader is able to inspire a community to turn to God, making him a role model for theology students in living out their calling. This study provides insight into how faith-based leadership can bring healing and stability to communities facing spiritual challenges.

This study aims to examine the theological significance of King David's removal of the Ark of the Covenant in 1 Chronicles 13:1-14, highlighting the critical nature of keeping God's commandments during worship. The research involved an examination of the text and its context, along with a comparison with the related narrative found in 2 Samuel. the research revealed that the failure of David and the people of Israel to follow God's instructions in moving the Ark according to God's instructions resulted in the death of Uzzah, which illustrates the consequences of ignoring God's holiness. The three-month stay of the Ark in Obed-Edom's house resulted in blessings, which reinforces the idea that God's presence is experienced when His laws are honored and obeyed. The results of this study underscore the importance of obedience to God's commandments.

The prolonged conflict between Israel and Palestine has caused suffering on both sides, even extending to the global level. As a humanitarian response, various countries including Indonesia have boycotted products affiliated with Israel. The boycott movement is a form of protest carried out collectively by the community to oppose certain actions, products, or policies that are considered detrimental. This research uses a normative juridical approach, by analyzing regulations such as MUI Fatwa No. 83 of 2023. The results show that the boycott of pro-Israel products has a significant social impact. Positively, it encourages the growth of local products and provides moral support for Palestine. However, there are negative impacts, such as a potential increase in unemployment due to a decrease in the activities of companies affiliated with Israel. The boycott movement also serves as humanitarian solidarity and a symbol of resistance to occupation, although it needs management to reduce the negative impact on domestic labor. The public is urged to support the boycott strategically with an eye on national employment. This step is part of the global struggle for Palestinian justice and independence.

This article delves deeply into the concept of Spiritual Restoration and Community: Rebuilding the Foundation of Life, with a focus on the text of Ezra 3:8-13. This research aims to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how the Israelites were interconnected in reaffirming the restoration of life through the reconstruction of the foundation of the Israelite nation. The research methods employed include biblical text analysis, historical studies, and an exposition of the cultural context of the time. The research findings provide a rich and complex perspective on the role of Ezra as a channel of God's will in restoring and guiding His people.

The Sabbath is a pivotal theological concept in Christianity, established by God in the Decalogue (Exodus 20:4) and reiterated in Exodus 35:1-3. This study seeks to underscore the importance of sanctifying the Sabbath in the face of modern challenges that often prioritize work and worldly commitments. Employing a historical-critical method supported by theological literature and digital tools, this research explores the theological foundations of the Sabbath in Israelite tradition and its relevance to contemporary Christians. The Sabbath is more than a day of rest; it is a call to place God at the center of life, acknowledging that all blessings stem from Him. Observing the Sabbath enables Christians to achieve balance between worldly demands and spiritual well-being while strengthening their faith through worship and prayer  

This article examines the story of David’s election as king of Israel in 1 Samuel 16:1-13 through a historical-critical approach. The focus of this study is to understand how God chooses based on the heart, not the outward appearance, as emphasized in verse 7. This study highlights the differences between how humans and God judge a person, as well as the importance of inner qualities in choosing a leader. Through this analysis, it is found that God asserts His sovereignty and prioritizes faithfulness, humility, and obedience as the main criteria in determining the leader of His people. This story is theologically and practically relevant to today’s life, especially in character development and spiritual leadership.  

The maritime conflict between Indonesia and China in the South China Sea arises from overlapping claims, particularly concerning Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) near the Natuna Islands. China’s assertion of sovereignty through its Nine-Dash Line, which Indonesia does not recognize under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), has fueled tensions. These have been exacerbated by aggressive actions, including Chinese vessels' incursions and illegal fishing within Indonesia’s EEZ. Despite these conflicts, both nations emphasize maritime cooperation to enhance bilateral ties.This study examines the dynamics of Indonesia-China maritime cooperation and conflicts in the South China Sea and their implications for regional stability. Employing a literature-based methodology, it investigates challenges and potential resolutions, including diplomacy and third-party mediation through bodies like the International Court of Justice. The findings highlight that resolving disputes effectively requires a legal framework and multilateral collaboration through ASEAN. The study concludes with recommendations for bolstering diplomatic engagement and sustainably managing maritime resources to ensure stability across the Indo-Pacific region.

The Suez Canal has played a significant role in assisting and expediting the delivery of heavy goods on cargo ships from Asia to Europe, accommodating 12 percent of total global trade. The Suez Canal is a very important source of foreign currency for Egypt, a country that is still grappling with a variety of long-standing economic problems. Since October 2023, Yemen's Houthi group has been targeting ships in the Red Sea that it claims are connected to Israel in solidarity with Palestinians facing Israeli attacks in the Gaza Strip. This ongoing tension in the Red Sea not only impacts the Suez Canal, but also the maritime transportation market, trade movements, and international supply chains, as taking alternative routes means increasing shipping time and operating costs. Despite its important role as an international shipping lane, The Suez Canal has experienced a decline in status on the global stage due to various geopolitical events and economic crises that have occurred. This study aims to analyze the reciprocal relationship between international market dynamics and the strategic role of the Suez Canal. The chapter begins with an analysis of the impact of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict on international trade flows through the Suez Canal, followed by a discussion of the impact of the global economic crisis and conflict mitigation efforts on maritime security of shipping traffic. Finally, this chapter provides solutions that can be offered from the perspective of maritime security theory and international conflict theory.

This research examines Judges 2:1-5 through a historically critical lens to explain their theological implications and relevance to contemporary audiences. The Book of Judges summarizes a pivotal period in Israel's historical narrative as they sought to defend their faith in the face of foreign cultural influences. This passage describes the warning of the Archangel of God to Israel for their failure to expel the Canaanites from the Promised Land, which had a detrimental effect on their religious and social dynamics. This analysis investigates historical context, literary composition, and symbolic elements, while also emphasizing central themes such as obedience to divine command, the impact of transgression, and the need for repentance. Using qualitative methodologies, including literary analysis and exegetical scrutiny, this study shows that loyalty to God is a prerequisite for receiving His help, while disobedience entails oppression and harmful influence. The continued relevance of this text serves as a poignant reminder of the necessity of upholding unwavering devotion to God in the midst of life's vicissitudes.

Israel is a special place in the history of 3 religions in the world, Judaism, Christianity/Catholicism and Islam, each has its own history. For some people, Israel is just a country that was only established in 1948 after becoming sovereign, but some think that Israel has existed since the descendants of Jacob grew large and settled in the Promised Land given by God. As a place that is considered sacred and holy land or Holyland, religious people come to hold pilgrimage tours. In addition to seeing and traveling, there is an aspect of studying the past, figures and places written in the Bible. The Holyland Spiritual Pilgrimage Tour is a favorite place for adherents of the 3 religions. The incident of the attack on the Israeli area by Hamas on October 7, 2024 and claimed many victims caused the conflict between Israel and Palestine to occur and be larger in scale. The conflict involved many parties and finally there was a major impact, one of which was the impact of the Holyland Spiritual Pilgrimage Tour. Tourism actors from the organizers and users felt the detrimental impact. So this study was conducted to examine the impact.  

Thei purposei ofi thisi articlei isi toi explorei thei meaningi andi theologyi ofi wisdomi ini thei booki ofi 2i Chronicles.i Thei methodi usedi ini writingi thisi articlei isi ai deductive,i qualitativei researchi approach,i withi datai collectioni conductedi throughi Libraryi Researchi methods,i includingi journals.i Thei theologyi ofi wisdomi ini 2i Chroniclesi highlightsi wisdomi (חָכְמָה/khokmah)i asi ai centrali themei thati integratesi intellectual,i practical,i andi spirituali dimensions.i Wisdomi isi noti limitedi toi theoreticali intelligencei buti alsoi encompassesi tangiblei abilitiesi toi overcomei challenges,i lead,i andi build.i Ini thei contexti ofi thisi book,i wisdomi isi regardedi asi ai divinei gifti rootedi ini thei feari ofi thei Lord,i asi illustratedi ini thei storyi ofi Solomoni (2i Chr.i 1:7-12).i Solomoni prayedi fori wisdomi toi leadi Israel,i emphasizingi wisdomi asi ai gifti thati enablesi fairi andi prudenti decision-making.i Wisdomi ini thisi booki isi dividedi intoi twoi types:i speculative,i whichi includesi reflectioni oni humani existence,i andi didactic,i whichi isi practicali andi instructional,i suchi asi proverbsi thati guidei dailyi life.i Wisdomi isi characterizedi byi universal,i practical,i ethical,i andi religiousi traits,i reflectingi itsi connectioni toi morali valuesi andi ai relationshipi withi God.i Ini 2i Chronicles,i wisdomi isi manifestedi ini aspectsi ofi leadershipi (2i Chr.i 1:10),i thei constructioni ofi thei Templei (2i Chr.i 2:12),i andi thei regulationi ofi worshipi (2i Chr.i 7:14).i Thisi wisdomi underscoresi thei importancei ofi obediencei toi Godi asi thei sourcei ofi wisdom,i guidingi decisionsi andi buildingi thei livesi ofi thei peoplei ini righteousness.  

Regarding the socio-political conflict between Israel and Palestine, many countries have criticized Israel's actions by boycotting Israeli products and products that support Israeli aggression against Palestine. Starbucks products are one of the products that support Israeli aggression and are very closely related to Gen Z in Indonesia, so this study was performed to examine the impact of a boycott of Starbucks products on interest in buying local coffee products among Gen Z using quantitative methods, because previous similar research was carried out using qualitative methods. A total of 100 Gunadarma University students were respondents to fill out this research questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is hypothesis testing through simple regression analysis assisted by SPSS software. The conclusion drawn from hypothesis testing showed an influence between the effect of boycotting Starbucks products (X) and the interest in buying local coffee (Y).

Dragon fruit plants originating from Central and South America have not been widely cultivated. This plant has only been cultivated intensively in several countries such as: Israel, Colombia, Nicaragua, Vietnam, Thailand, China and Australia. Macroscopic identification showed that the fungi associated with dragon fruit stems had similarities to the colony form of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sp. Trichoderma is known to have antagonistic abilities against pathogenic fungi. Trichoderma is easily found in soil ecosystems and plant roots. The method in this study is a survey method. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling or Judgmental sampling method, namely purposive sampling is a sampling method that selects objects (vines) that are considered attacked or have symptoms of pathogen attack. Trichoderma sp is also tolerant to stress and able to inactivate pathogenic microbial enzymes. In addition, Trichoderma sp. Able to produce enzymes that hydrolyze pathogenic cell walls which will inhibit the synthesis of pathogenic cell walls and increase their fungicidal activity, as a result of which pathogenic fungi experience a decrease in growth rate.

Twitter has become a social media that is widely used to communicate, communicate information, obtain information, and is often used as a place to discuss issues such as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The @erlanishere account is one of the humanitarian activists who regularly posts about the Palestinian situation. The stories presented not only provide information, but also arouse the emotions of the public and raise awareness and solidarity with the suffering of the Palestinian people. So this account is appointed as the Commander of the Netizen Julid Anti-Israeli Special Operations Unit. Only by using the tag, @erlanishere can coordinate netizens to voice the Israeli conflict in Gaza. In this way, the information can spread to netizens throughout Indonesia. The research into @erlanishere's account aims to understand the narrative of Israeli atrocities in Palestine and their impact on public perceptions. Using the critical discourse analysis method by Teun A.Van Dijk, the results of the research on this @erlanishere account were, able to mobilize public support and sympathy for Palestine, through the use of emotional language, visualizing violence, and presenting critical facts about Israeli actions.    

The purpose of this article is to understand the context and role of Christian leadership today. Examining the failure of the judges sent by God to the nation of Israel can be a new guide for exploring in depth the important role of the presence of a leader among the faithful. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a literature review approach which can support the research above. In this case, it is hoped that the research results will provide insight into how a Christian leads. Part of the scope of this study is how to understand biblical content that can provide a literal and even allegorical interpretation of leadership ethics.

Brand image is a very important factor in marketing management, the influence of brand image on purchasing decisions by considering the role of consumer satisfaction as a mediator, if the brand image of a company is strong it will increase consumer satisfaction, which in turn will influence consumer purchasing decisions. The formulation of the problem in this research is whether brand image influences purchasing decisions, whether brand image influences consumer satisfaction, whether consumer satisfaction influences purchasing decisions, whether consumer satisfaction can mediate the relationship between brand image and purchasing decisions. This research is quantitative research, the population in this research is students of the Faculty of Febi Uin Raden Intan Lampung. The sample used in this research was 100 respondents. Data collection uses a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used in this research is the SEM model using SmartPLS version 3.0. The research results obtained directly from each variable are that brand image has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, brand image has a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction, consumer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. And for the test results passing the mediating variable, it was found that consumer satisfaction was able to mediate the influence of brand image on purchasing decisions through partial mediation.    

Dragon fruit plants originating from Central and South America have not been widely cultivated. This plant has only been cultivated intensively in several countries such as: Israel, Colombia, Nicaragua, Vietnam, Thailand, China and Australia. Macroscopic identification showed that the fungi associated with dragon fruit stems had similarities to the colony form of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sp. Trichoderma is known to have antagonistic abilities against pathogenic fungi. Trichoderma is easily found in soil ecosystems and plant roots. The method in this study is a survey method. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling or Judgmental sampling method, namely purposive sampling is a sampling method that selects objects (vines) that are considered attacked or have symptoms of pathogen attack. Trichoderma sp is also tolerant to stress and able to inactivate pathogenic microbial enzymes. In addition, Trichoderma sp. Able to produce enzymes that hydrolyze pathogenic cell walls which will inhibit the synthesis of pathogenic cell walls and increase their fungicidal activity, as a result of which pathogenic fungi experience a decrease in growth rate.