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The quality of complementary feeding (MP-ASI) for infants aged 6–23 months is a key factor in supporting growth and preventing early nutritional problems. However, MP-ASI practices that do not comply with recommendations are still common, especially in areas with limited access to nutrition information and education. One of the promotive-preventive efforts developed in primary health care is the implementation of toddler classes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of toddler classes in improving the nutritional quality of infants receiving MP-ASI in the working area of the Popayato Timur Community Health Center. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 33 infants aged 6–23 months selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through infant anthropometric measurements to assess nutritional status based on indicators of weight for age (BW/A) and weight for length/height (BW/H), as well as assessing the quality of MP-ASI using quality scores before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and inferentially using paired statistical tests. The results showed an increase in the quality of complementary feeding (MP-ASI) after the implementation of toddler classes, accompanied by improvements in infant nutritional status based on indicators of weight for age and weight for height, with a statistically significant difference between conditions before and after the intervention. In conclusion, toddler classes are effective in improving the quality of complementary feeding and infant nutritional status, thus potentially being an applicable educational strategy in efforts to improve infant nutrition in primary health care.

Improving service quality is a primary priority in hospital management. Service quality can be improved by reducing the percentage of non-value added activities through the Lean Hospital approach. This study aims to identify activities and analyze the root causes of critical waste in the drug distribution and utilization processes at the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation of Karanganyar Regency Hospital. This study is a non-experimental research with a qualitative descriptive design. Critical waste was obtained through the distribution of a waste weighting questionnaire assessed by all personnel involved in the drug distribution and utilization processes. The results show that the Value Stream Mapping calculation for the drug distribution process obtained a lead time of 147.41 minutes and a VAR value of 36%, while in the drug utilization process, compounded prescription service obtained a lead time of 128.53 minutes and a VAR of 24%, and non-compounded prescription service obtained a lead time of 75.8 minutes and a VAR of 26%. The critical waste questionnaire calculation using the Borda method in the drug distribution process showed overproduction 60%, inventory 53.33%, and waiting 43.33%, while in the drug utilization process, waiting 43.75%, overproduction 42.85%, and defect 39.70%. The 5S method, a Lean method, was used to eliminate waste in the service process at the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation of Karanganyar Regency Hospital.

This study aims to determine the extent to which motivation and work discipline affect employee productivity at CV. Langgeng Jaya. The study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires. The study population includes all 80 employees of CV. Langgeng Jaya, with a sampling technique using Saturated Sampling. Data analysis was carried out through Multiple Linear Regression Tests and Hypothesis Tests with the help of the SPSS 27 program. The results of the study indicate that motivation has a significant influence on employee productivity partially, while work discipline does not have a significant influence. However, simultaneously, motivation and work discipline have been proven to have a significant influence on employee productivity. Therefore, CV. Langgeng Jaya is expected to prioritize increasing employee motivation through targeted programs and conducting evaluations and coaching on work discipline aspects, so that both factors can support each other in increasing overall productivity. This aims so that both factors can support each other in increasing overall employee productivity, creating a more productive work environment, and improving company performance in the long term.

In the current era of digital transformation, organizations are increasingly turning to Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance the precision and agility of managerial decisions. This study investigates how AI adoption within management accounting systems influences decision-making efficiency and managerial performance. Using survey data collected from managers and accountants in medium-to-large firms across Central Java, the research applies Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the hypothesized relationships. The results reveal that AI adoption significantly improves decision-making efficiency, which in turn enhances managerial performance. Furthermore, leadership support strengthens the relationship between AI adoption and decision-making efficiency, indicating that human and organizational factors remain critical for realizing technological benefits. The findings contribute to management accounting literature by elucidating the mechanism through which AI technologies create managerial value specifically, by accelerating analytical processes and improving the quality of managerial judgments. Practically, the study suggests that firms should focus on leadership involvement, data governance, and employee training to ensure that AI systems complement, rather than replace, human judgment. Overall, this study highlights that successful AI adoption in management accounting is not merely a technical transition but a strategic and cultural evolution toward evidence-based decision-making.

The growth of online shopping has encouraged brands to utilize live-streaming as a promotional tool to attract consumers, including Parfumoist in Lampung, which actively broadcasts product demonstrations to increase audience engagement. However, whether these broadcasts truly build trust and stimulate purchase intention remains uncertain, forming the central problem of this research. The research tried to analyze the influence of interactivity, visualization, entertainment, and professionalization during live-streaming on consumer trust and purchase intention. Using Stimulus-Organism-Response framework, live-streaming elements are positioned as stimuli, trust as the organism, and purchase intention as the response. A quantitative approach was employed, with purposive sampling of viewers who watched Parfumoist live streams and had made or intended to make a purchase. Data from an online questionnaire then analyzed with SEM-PLS. The findings reveal all four dimensions of live-streaming significantly affect purchase intention, mediated through consumer trust. The findings highlight that effective live-streaming depends not only on frequent broadcasts, but also on the ability of the host to interact meaningfully, present attractive visuals, entertain viewers, and display professionalism. This study concludes that improving the overall quality of live-stream sessions strengthens trust and intention to buy, offering theoretical implications for digital marketing research and practical recommendations for MSMEs to optimize live-streaming strategies in competitive markets.

This research is motivated by the low level of discipline among elementary school students, characterized by non-compliance with rules, tardiness, and other negative behaviors, thus requiring the role of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) as a strategic solution. This research aims to examine the role of PPKn learning in shaping the discipline of elementary school students through a library research approach. This research method uses a systematic and comprehensive library research method to assess the contribution of PPKn learning in forming the discipline of elementary school students (SD). The main focus is on national scientific sources in Indonesian and English languages from the period 2020-2025, with the aim of identifying patterns and strategies of PPKn learning towards improving student discipline in SD. The study results show that PPKn learning is effective in internalizing discipline values through habituation, teacher exemplification, continuous evaluation, and the use of innovative learning media such as educational videos. The involvement of teachers, schools, and parents is an important factor in supporting the formation of student discipline character, with strategies such as family collaboration and group supervision to overcome external challenges. This research provides a theoretical contribution as a basis for developing applicable PPKn learning strategies to form a disciplined generation in elementary schools. The implications of this study indicate that PPKn learning has a strategic role in shaping the discipline of elementary school students, thus requiring synergy between teachers, schools, and parents to optimize the internalization of character values in every learning activity.

This research is motivated by the persistent difficulty elementary school-aged children have in controlling their emotions and behavior in social situations, particularly within the context of church community development. The study aimed to examine the effect of Christian values-based emotion management training on improving children's self-control. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design on 30 children aged 7–12 years at the GPM Wonreli–Kisar Congregation. The intervention was implemented over four days through activities involving emotion recognition, value reflection, emotion regulation training, and social simulations. Data were collected using a self-control scale and analyzed using paired-difference tests and effect size calculations. The results showed a significant increase in self-control scores after the training, with the largest changes in rule compliance and impulse control, and a more moderate increase in resilience to frustration. The effect size indicates a strong practical impact of the changes. These findings indicate that training that integrates social experiences and value reflection can facilitate the shift in behavioral control from external control to internal awareness. Practically, this research provides a basis for developing a community-based child development program that emphasizes not only discipline but also the understanding of values ​​in character formation and self-regulation.

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing and finding out about the empowerment of orphans at LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung through Islamic philanthropy-based educational funding. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, using a case study method. The data collection process involved observation, interviews, and document review. Data analysis included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, as well as data validation through triangulation. This study revealed that educational funding rooted in Islamic philanthropy at LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung includes budget revenues and expenditures with allocations prepared at the beginning of each year. The expenditure period can be tracked through the LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung online system. Distribution efforts include eliminating educational costs for orphans, providing basic necessities, distributing Mushabs for orphaned students who memorize the Qur'an, and supporting orphans. The evaluation of Islamic philanthropy-based education funding at LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung involved an analysis that showed that the role of the nadzir (manager) remains limited. All responsibilities and functions of the nadzir, particularly those of branch heads and fundraisers, are aimed at improving management. Furthermore, accountability is a factor taken into account when drafting the budget for the upcoming period.

Employee performance is a strategic factor in the success of regional banking organizations that are oriented towards service and achieving business targets. However, empirical evidence at PT Bank Sumut Kantor Cabang Koordinator Medan, indicates that employee performance tends to stagnate in the "Good" category during the 2021–2024 period. This condition is thought to be related to career development that is not yet optimally structured, organizational commitment that has not been fully actualized in work behavior, and inadequate extrinsic motivation. This study aims to analyze the effect of career development and organizational commitment on employee performance through extrinsic motivation as a mediating variable. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method of employees at PT Bank Sumut Kantor Cabang Koordinator Medan. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results show that career development and organizational commitment influence extrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation plays a role in improving employee performance and mediating the relationship between variables. These findings strengthen the role of extrinsic motivation as an important mechanism in bridging human resource policies and employee performance in regional banking.

Outcome-Based Education (OBE) has emerged as a strategic approach to improving graduate quality in higher education, including pastoral colleges. The pastoral education context in Indonesia, particularly in island regions such as Nias, requires the integration of academic, spiritual, and pastoral dimensions in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the strategies for implementing OBE at the Pastoral College Dian Mandala Gunungsitoli and to identify its supporting factors and challenges. A qualitative research design with a literature review approach was applied, drawing on 25 scientific articles published between 2021 and 2025. The analysis involved identifying main themes, categorizing supporting and challenging factors, and synthesizing strategies for implementation. The findings indicate that OBE implementation includes developing curriculum documents aligned with the Indonesian National Qualification Framework (KKNI) and National Standards of Higher Education (SN-Dikti), strengthening faculty capacity through training, integrating innovative learning models, and applying authentic assessment that evaluates both academic and spiritual competencies. Supporting factors consist of institutional leadership commitment, the availability of curriculum information systems, and collaboration with external stakeholders. Major challenges involve limited faculty understanding of OBE, inadequate technological infrastructure, and resistance to changes in academic culture. This study concludes that OBE can enhance graduates’ competencies and strengthen pastoral identity, provided that faculty training, internal quality assurance systems, and the integration of local wisdom into the curriculum are consistently developed.

Rapid This study examines the effectiveness of environmental legal instruments in addressing water access inequalities in multicultural rural communities. Despite the existence of various legal frameworks, disparities in water access remain prevalent, especially in rural areas where socio economic, cultural, and governance challenges persist. Legal instruments such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) have proven effective in improving water quality and access in urban settings, but their impact in rural communities is often limited. The study explores the role of legal pluralism, where both statutory and customary laws coexist, in enhancing water governance. It also evaluates the importance of integrating cultural sensitivity into legal frameworks to foster community participation and sustainable water management. Through a mixed methods approach combining legal analysis and socio economic assessments, this study provides insights into the barriers to effective water governance and proposes policy recommendations for improving water access. Key findings suggest that inclusive governance models, which respect local customs and empower communities, lead to more sustainable and equitable water management outcomes. The study highlights the need for legal reforms that recognize the diverse cultural, governance, and infrastructural contexts of rural communities, ensuring that water access policies are both culturally adaptive and legally effective. By integrating these approaches, future policies can more effectively tackle water access inequalities in multicultural rural settings.  

This article explores the implementation of a Community Service Program (KKN) carried out by students from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Unismuh Makassar with the objective of improving reading and writing skills among students at SMP Negeri 2 Galesong. The KKN activities were specifically designed to strengthen literacy development through various programs, including the cultivation of daily reading habits, the establishment of literacy corners in classrooms, and creative writing training aimed at encouraging students to express ideas in written form. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through direct observation, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of literacy activities. The results indicate a significant increase in students’ interest and motivation in reading activities, as well as more active participation during literacy sessions. In addition, students demonstrated improvement in the quality of simple written texts, particularly in terms of idea organization and expression. Overall, the implementation of the KKN program proved effective in supporting the development of a positive literacy culture and enhancing students’ basic literacy skills within the school environment.

Understanding tajwid material is an important aspect of learning the Qur'an. However, in practice, students often have difficulty understanding and applying tajwid rules correctly. Therefore, appropriate and effective learning methods are needed to help improve students' understanding. This study aims to improve the understanding of tajwid material in female students of class D2 at the Takhassusul Qur'an Darul Hikmah Institute through the application of the musyafahah method and the drill method. The musyafahah method emphasizes direct learning through examples of the teacher's reading that are imitated by students, while the drill method focuses on practice and repetition of material both inside and outside the classroom to strengthen students' mastery. This study used a classroom action research (CAR) approach with 17 female students in class D2 as research subjects. Data collection techniques included tests, observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The results showed that the application of the musyafahah and drill methods significantly improved students' understanding of tajwid material, as indicated by increased test scores and positive student responses to the learning process. Thus, it can be concluded that both methods are effective in improving students' understanding of tajwid material. Based on these findings, the study recommends that educators consider using the musyafahah and drill methods as alternative tajwid learning strategies to achieve more optimal learning outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the application of Think-Pair-Share (TPS) and Group Investigation (GI) cooperative learning strategies as pedagogical innovations in strengthening Islamic values and student learning independence in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) subjects. This study uses a library research method by examining various relevant scientific sources, including cooperative learning theory, the concept of independent learning, and Islamic educational values. The results of the study show that the integration of TPS and GI strategies can create an active, participatory, collaborative, and reflective learning process. Through paired discussions and investigative group work, students are trained to think critically, be responsible, and be able to work together harmoniously. In addition to improving academic understanding, the application of these two strategies also contributes to instilling Islamic values such as ukhuwah (brotherhood), amanah (trustworthiness), and mutual respect. Thus, this learning innovation is not only oriented towards cognitive aspects, but also towards character building and spirituality of students. The findings of this study are expected to be a reference for PAI teachers in developing effective, contextual, and Islamic character learning strategies.

In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) must emphasize not only memorizing religious content, but also fostering advanced thinking skills such as analysis, evaluation, and creativity through the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) method. This study aims to describe the implementation of HOTS-oriented Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMAN 2 Banjit, focusing on implementation methods, supporting and inhibiting factors, and their influence on students. This study uses a qualitative descriptive methodology with data collection methods such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of the study were Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers. Data analysis was carried out by means of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers at SMAN 2 Banjit have implemented host-based Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teaching methods. HOTS-based learning through discussion methods, advanced question and answer, and problem-based learning, but the implementation has not been evenly distributed across classes. Teachers understand the basic concepts of HOTS, but still face obstacles in preparing HOTS-based learning devices and assessment instruments. Supporting factors for implementation are the support of the principal, technological facilities, and the enthusiasm of some students. Meanwhile, emerging obstacles include a rote-oriented learning culture, unequal distribution of learning facilities, and teacher administrative burdens. The implementation of HOTS has a positive impact on improving students' critical thinking skills and argumentative skills, as well as helping them understand Islamic values ​​more contextually.

This study aims to analyze the internal and external conditions of Karel Workshop in Wairhubing, Sikka Regency, using a SWOT approach (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) as a basis for formulating business development strategies. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through in-depth interviews with the owner, employees, and customers, as well as secondary data from documents and official statistics. The findings indicate that Karel Workshop possesses several strengths, including meticulous service quality, strong interpersonal relationships with customers, and mechanic skills acquired through self-learning. However, the workshop also faces weaknesses such as limited equipment, the absence of a structured management system, and a lack of digital promotion. Opportunities that can be utilized include high public interest in motorcycle modification, potential motorcycle painting services, a strategic location, and possible partnerships with spare-part suppliers. Meanwhile, the main threats include rising spare-part prices, competition among workshops, and occupational safety risks. Overall, the study recommends strengthening digital promotion, improving business management, enhancing workshop facilities, and implementing safety standards to support the sustainable development of Karel Workshop. 

This study aims to deeply analyze the contribution of work motivation and work environment conditions in improving employee satisfaction and performance. The methodology applied is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the guidelines of Wahono (2015) and Kitchenham (cited in Fauzi et al., 2018). Data were collected through literature exploration in Google Scholar, Garuda Ristekdikti, and university journal websites with a publication limit between 2020 and 2025. Through a selection process, a number of relevant articles were successfully collected for narrative analysis. The results of the study revealed that work motivation has a positive and significant influence on employee performance, both directly and indirectly through job satisfaction as a mediator. A supportive work environment also plays a crucial role in increasing employee enthusiasm, productivity, and job satisfaction. Overall, the synergy between high work motivation and a conducive work environment can create maximum performance and strengthen employee loyalty to the organization. The results of this study provide importance for human resource managers to pay more attention to motivation and work conditions as an approach to improving performance and efficiency in organizations.

Local governments play a strategic role in public service delivery and are required to undertake rapid, systematic, and sustainable institutional and governance transformation. These demands arise in response to changes in the organizational environment, regulatory developments, and increasing public expectations regarding the quality, effectiveness, and accountability of public services. Improving the capacity of human resources, particularly those managing services and complaints, is a crucial factor in ensuring professional, adaptive, and technology-based services. However, issues with staff competency are still found in public service institutions that interact directly with the public, particularly at the sub-district level. In an effort to improve the quality of public administration services, the government established the Integrated Sub-district Administrative Services (PATEN) policy as stipulated in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 4 of 2010. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the PATEN policy in Sawangan District, Depok City, using a qualitative approach and descriptive methods. The results indicate that the implementation of PATEN has generally been effective, marked by the fulfillment of substantive, administrative, and technical aspects, and supported by clear regulations. However, public complaint services have not been optimal due to technical constraints in the website-based complaint system.

The development of social media as part of digital technology has significantly transformed patterns of social interaction among adolescents in Indonesia. Social media no longer functions solely as a medium for communication and self-expression, but also as a social space that influences behavioral formation, including deviant and criminal behavior. This study aims to analyze the influence of social media on juvenile criminal behavior from a criminological perspective, with particular attention to social learning processes and the weakening of social control in digital environments. This research employs a qualitative method using a literature study approach by examining scientific journals, official reports, and statistical data related to social media use and adolescent behavior. The findings indicate that high intensity of social media use, exposure to negative content, and the normalization of aggressive behavior in digital spaces contribute to increased vulnerability of adolescents to criminal behaviors such as cyberbullying, online aggression, and other forms of deviance. Within the framework of Social Learning Theory, social media serves as a medium for behavioral learning through mechanisms of observation, imitation, and social reinforcement, while Social Control Theory highlights how weak supervision by families and educational institutions amplifies the risk of deviant behavior. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of preventive, non-penal approaches through strengthening social control, improving digital literacy, and enhancing the active role of families and schools to minimize the risk of juvenile criminal behavior in the digital era.

This study aims to examine the effect of green innovation on company value, with financial performance as a mediating variable, in the mining industry. This study uses a systematic literature review approach by examining various relevant previous studies. The results of the study indicate that green innovation plays a significant role in improving environmental performance and operational efficiency of companies, which in turn positively impacts financial performance. Good financial performance is a key factor in strengthening company value and stakeholder trust. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies. This study also found that companies that successfully implement green innovation tend to have a better image in the eyes of investors and the public, which contributes to increasing the company's market value. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies, strengthening their position in an industry that increasingly prioritizes sustainability and social responsibility.