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This study aims to analyze the factors causing children to become involved in narcotics abuse, the judges’ considerations in delivering verdicts, and the conformity of such decisions with applicable legal provisions. This research employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical approach, based on literature review and analysis of Decision Number 3/Pid.Sus-Anak/2021/PN Bnt. The results indicate that children’s involvement in narcotics-related crimes is influenced by multidimensional factors, namely economic, environmental, and legal factors. Economic factors include family financial pressure; environmental factors involve peer influence and lack of parental supervision; while legal factors relate to limited understanding of legal consequences. Judges’ considerations in rendering decisions are not only based on juridical aspects but also take into account the social and psychological conditions of the child. However, the imposition of imprisonment is considered not fully aligned with the principles of restorative justice and child protection. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the implementation of diversion and non-penal approaches in the juvenile justice system.  

The death penalty remains a topic of ongoing debate from legal, moral, and religious perspectives. In Indonesia, the death penalty is still applied for certain serious crimes; however, its implementation is questioned because it is considered to conflict with the fundamental human right to life. From the perspective of Christian ethics, this issue becomes more complex as it relates to the understanding of life as a gift from God and the principles of justice and forgiveness. The Old Testament contains provisions for the death penalty as a means of upholding law and maintaining the holiness of the community, while the New Testament emphasizes love, restoration, and the opportunity for repentance through the example of Jesus Christ. This study aims to analyze how Christian ethics views the death penalty by examining the balance between justice and forgiveness as taught in Scripture. The method used in this research is literature review and conceptual analysis of biblical texts and theological sources. The findings indicate that Christian ethics does not merely reject or accept the death penalty, but directs toward an understanding of justice that restores human dignity. This perspective is expected to serve as an ethical consideration in responding to the application of the death penalty in modern society.

Abortion is prohibited under the Indonesian criminal law system. In fact, it is categorized as a crime against life, regulated by several laws and regulations, including the Criminal Code and the Health Law. Indonesian criminal law defines abortion as "Termination of Pregnancy," which is regulated by Articles 299, 346, 347, 348, and 349 of the Criminal Code. These articles clearly and unequivocally prohibit abortion for any reason, including abortion for emergency (forced) reasons, such as rape. This type of research is normative legal research (normative legal research method). The normative legal research method is a library legal research conducted by examining legal literature materials such as Legislation, Judge's Decisions, Books, Journals, Theses and Legal Dictionaries. The results of the study indicate that (1) The Judge imposed a sentence of 2 (two) years. This seems light and unfair because the defendant's actions should have been given a heavier sentence as stated in the case that the defendant had committed his crimes seven times. (2) The judge's considerations in imposing criminal sanctions in Decision Number 1224/Pid.Sus/PN.Mks, concluded that the judge's decision to sentence the defendant to two years in prison was lenient and did not reflect the sense of justice that should have been upheld. This was because the defendant's actions were classified as a serious crime that had a widespread moral and social impact on society.

Corruption is an extraordinary crime with systemic impacts on a nation’s political, economic, and social stability. Various countries adopt different penal approaches to combat corruption, including Indonesia and China. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of criminal penalties in addressing corruption in both countries. The research uses a normative-juridical and comparative approach by examining legislation, empirical data, and relevant case studies. In Indonesia, the implementation of criminal sanctions tends to be more moderate, with imprisonment and fines being the dominant forms of punishment. However, enforcement faces challenges such as weak institutional independence and political interference. In contrast, China enforces much harsher penalties, including life imprisonment and the death penalty, as part of its "zero tolerance" anti-corruption policy supported by centralized political power. The findings show that although China’s repressive approach appears more stringent, the success in curbing corruption is not solely determined by the severity of the punishment. Instead, it also depends on the consistency, transparency, and integrity of the legal enforcement system. This study recommends that Indonesia reform its criminal policy to be firmer while still upholding principles of human rights and justice.

This study is motivated by the ongoing debate regarding the application of the death penalty to perpetrators of corruption in Indonesia, particularly in relation to the protection of human rights as stipulated in Law Number 39 of 1999. The purpose of this research is to explain the extent to which the death penalty can be appropriately and proportionally applied to corruptors while considering human rights principles. This study employs a normative legal approach focused on the analysis of statutory regulations and relevant legal literature. The data is analyzed using a qualitative juridical method, emphasizing a normative review of applicable positive law. The findings reveal a discrepancy between the imposition of the death penalty for corruption crimes and the right to life guaranteed by Indonesia’s human rights legal instruments. The implication of this research highlights the need to reconsider the policy of capital punishment for corrupt practices to ensure alignment with the principles of justice, humanity, and respect for human rights within the national legal system.  

Sumber data utama penelitian ini adalah data primer dengan proses pengumpulan data studi kepustakaan dan dokumen. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode analisis hukum, yaitu suatu analisis yang menggunakan teori, prinsip, kaidah hukum untuk menemukan sebuah petunjuk. Perlindungan hukum bagi ahli waris terhadap harta warisan yang dikuasai oleh salah ahli waris. Pasal 832 dan pasal 833 Kitab Undang- undang Hukum Perdata yang menyatakan para ahli waris dengan sendirinya mendapatkan hak milik atas semua barang dari orang yang meninggal, sehingga ahli waris yang mempunyai hak yang ada pada harta warisan. Namun harta waris tersebut dikuasai oleh salah satu pihak jadi harus mendapatkan perlindungan hukum secara preventif terhadap objek warisan yang kuasai tanpa sepengetahuannya dan mengakibatkan kerugian untuk ahli waris yang lain. Bahwa dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam Putusan Nomor: 10/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Skt. Dalam menyelesaikan perkara sengketa harta waris ini telah sepadan dengan peraturan hukum dan perundang-undangan hukum perdata yang berlaku dan hakim memutus suatu perkara berdasarkan pada bukti- bukti selama persidangan. Akibat hukum yang timbul pada Putusan Nomor:10/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Skt merupakan persengketaan secara melawan hak merupakan tindakan melawan hukum yang menyebabkan kerugian kepada Para Penggugat, oleh sebab itu telah benar bahwa hakim menjatuhkan hukuman kepada Tergugat guna membayar biaya perkara untuk seluruhnya dan menyerahkan obyek sengketa beserta sertifikat hak milik untuk kemudian dibagi menurut perundang-undangan yaitu diantara Para Penggugat dan Tergugat mendapatkan separuh bagian dari pada total keseluruhan warisan atau obJek persengketaan.

Salah satu kasus terkait dengan tindak kejahatan bidang perpajakan adalah yang dilakukan oleh Christin Marliana sebagai pemilik UD Jaya Raya Sumbawa terbukti melakukan tindak pidana secara sengaja telah menyampaikan SPT dan/atau keterangan yang berisi data pajak yang tidak benar atau tidak lengkap yang menimbulkan kerugian Negara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dan menganalisis pemeriksaan bukti permulaan, pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam penjatuhan putusan, dan akibat hukum atas Putusan pada Putusan No.239/Pid.Sus/2014/Pn.Sbw. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) Bagaimana pemeriksaan bukti permulaan?, 2) Bagaimanakah pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam penjatuhan putusan? dan 3) Bagaimana akibat hukum atas Putusan No.239/Pid.Sus/2014/Pn.Sbw? Metode penelitian ini termasuk yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) pemeriksaan bukti permulaan dimulai dari memeriksa saksi-saksi dan bukti berupa dokumen faktur pajak standar yang dilaporkan Christin Marliana; (2) Pertimbangan hakim atas putusan No.239/Pid.Sus/2014/Pn.Sbw adalah pada saat dilakukan pemeriksaan bukti permulaan tidak dapat dikurangkan dalam menghitung kerugian pada pendapatan negara karena pajak tersebut disetor setelah melewati batas waktu seharusnya disetor kekas negara dan Penyetoran Pajak Pertambahan Nilai oleh Pengusaha Kena Pajak harus dilakukan untuk tahun pajak 2007, 2008 dan 2009 paling lambat tanggal 15 bulan berikutnya setelah berakhirnya Masa Pajak; (3) Akibat hukum atas putusan No.239/Pid.Sus/2014/Pn.Sbw adalah Christin Marliana dijatuhi hukuman penjara pidana penjara selama 3 (tiga) tahun dan Denda 2 (dua) kali pajak terhutang yang kurang dibayar yang keseluruhannya berjumlah 2 x Rp. 8.422.542.800,- = Rp 16.845.085.600, subsidiair 6 (enam) bulan kurungan.

The death penalty is one of the means of protecting society and the state in the form of prevention and action. Indonesia is one of the countries that still maintains and recognizes the legitimacy of the death penalty as a punishment for perpetrators of criminal acts. The death penalty is closely related to human rights because the death penalty is the most severe punishment because perpetrators of criminal acts will lose the right to life which is a priceless right. Therefore, there is a conflict between the imposition of the death penalty on perpetrators of criminal acts and human rights. This paper aims to determine the provisions regarding the death penalty and the protection of human rights. The type of research taken in this study is normative legal research that contains relevant issues. Normative legal research is research that is conducted by reviewing applicable laws and regulations or applying them to legal problems. Several laws and regulations in Indonesia still maintain the threat of the death penalty, although the death penalty has been criticized by human rights activists. Therefore, there is a compromise (criminal policy) in the Criminal Code, namely using the death penalty as an alternative punishment rather than the main punishment and only applies to very serious crimes.

The role of fathers in children's lives cannot actually be underestimated. Unfortunately, there are still many children in Indonesia who grow up without the presence or maximum role of a father. This phenomenon is known as fatherlessness. Either because the father is not there (due to divorce or death), or because the father is there but does not carry out his role well. In fact, according to Islamic teachings and legal regulations in Indonesia, fathers have a big responsibility to provide for their children, both materially, with love and attention. Through this study, it is discussed how Islam provides strong warnings for negligent fathers, even calling it a major sin. The Prophet's hadith also emphasizes a lot about a father's responsibility towards his family. Not only that, Indonesian law also has clear regulations regarding sanctions for fathers who abandon their children, including criminal threats. In essence, fathers are not only breadwinners, but also important figures in children's growth and development. If this role is ignored, the impact could be big for the child, family, and even the future of the father himself. The state and society must care more about this, so that Indonesian children can grow up healthy, complete and happy.

Discipline in education is necessary for students to understand moral and social boundaries. The practice of disciplining (corporal punishment) against students is still debatable. Some people consider it a form of violence against children that contradicts the principles of child protection in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. A dilemma arises regarding the limits of the teacher's authority in disciplining students and whether these actions can be categorized as criminal acts or are still included in the realm of education. Article 14 of Law No. 14/2005 on Teachers and Lecturers states that teachers have the right to impose sanctions on students who violate norms, rules, and academic ethics. This research is normative research. The results of this research are: (1) The provision of corporal punishment by teachers against students who violate religious norms, norms of decency, norms of politeness, written and unwritten rules set by teachers in the learning process cannot be categorized as acts against criminal law if the corporal punishment carried out by the teacher does not exceed the limits of reasonableness or punishment that is educational in nature in accordance with the teacher's code of ethics. (2) The application of mediation as a form of protection for teachers regulated in Article 4 paragraph 2 of Permendikbud Number 10 of 2017, where mediation is a form of implementation of restorative justice values creating a space for peaceful problem solving that considers the interests of students, teachers and students. The application of mediation as a form of protection for teachers regulated in Article 4 paragraph 2 of Permendikbud Number 10 of 2017, where mediation is a form of implementation of restorative justice values creating a space for peaceful problem solving that considers the interests of students, teachers, and the school community.

The phenomenon of online gambling has become a serious concern in Indonesia, as it provides very easy access for all groups, including teenagers and underage children, to engage in gambling practices. This study aims to examine and analyze the punishment for online gambling offenders from two perspectives: Indonesian positive law and Islamic law. Under national law, Article 303 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) regulates criminal sanctions for gambling in any form, including digital formats. Meanwhile, Islamic law strictly prohibits all forms of gambling due to elements of speculation (gharar), one-sided loss, and its contradiction with moral values. This study uses a qualitative approach through literature review by analyzing legal sources such as the Criminal Code, legislation, hadiths, as well as fiqh and tafsir literature. The results show that both Islamic law and national law share common ground in prohibiting gambling and imposing sanctions, although they differ in their methods of implementation. Firm law enforcement and preventive measures are necessary to protect society, especially the younger generation, from the harmful impacts of online gambling.

The punishment of flogging for those who drink alcohol is a form of implementing hudud law in Islam, which is determined based on the Qur’an and Hadith. Alcohol, as anything that intoxicates, is forbidden because it damages the mind, of the main objectives of the maqashid al-syari’ah. The hadith of Ibn Umar states that”Everything that intoxicates is alcohol, and every alcohol is forbidden.” The companions, including Umar bin Khattab and Ali bin Abi Thalib, agreed to set a punishment of 80 lashes. In Indonesia, especially in Aceh, the implementation of this punishment is regulated in the Qanun Jinayat through Article175 KUHP which regulates the technicalities and procedures for its implementation. The punishment of flogging is determined based on the Qur’an and Hadith under the auspices of the law with the aim of providing a deterrent effect for the suspect and social learning for the entire community. This study aims to analyze the normative and legal basis of the punishment for drinking alcohol based on the hadith and local regulations. This punishment is not only repressive, but also educative and preventive, in maintaining morals and community social order.

Tanpa hak menjadi perantara jual beli narkotika merupakan suatu perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan hukum dan masuk dalam rumusan deli sebagaimana dirumuskan dalam Pasal 8 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Nakotika. Dengan demikian tanpa hak menjadi perantara dalam jual beli Narkotika yang dimaksud dalam Putusan Putusan Negeri Jakarta Selatan Nomor 152/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Jkt.Sel., dan Putusan Nomor 207/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Jkt. Sel., yaitu seorang yang tidak berhak atas Narkotika Golongan I atau yang menggunakannya tidak untuk kepentingan pengobatan, tidak mendapatkan izin, dan melakukan perantara jual beli dengan melawan hukum. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam memutuskan perkara dan tindak pidana tersebut menurut hukum pidana. Jenis Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian pustaka (library research), sehingga mengambil dan mengolah data dari sumber-sumber kepustakaan seperti buku-buku dan jurnal yang terkait dengan penelitian ini. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif (yuridis normatif) atau penelitian doktrinal. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah metode dokumentasi yakni data-data yang dikumpulkan dari sumber dokumen yang ditulis atau dibuat langsung oleh subjek yang bersangkutan. Dan analisis yang digunakan adalah Teknik analisis isi (Content Analysis), yaitu suatu teknik dipergunakan dalam menganalisis terhadap isi suatu informasi secara tertulis yang bertujuan untuk menarik kesimpulan dari informasi yang dianalisis tersebut. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pertimbangan hakim dalam memutuskan perkara didasarkan pada alat bukti dan fakta-fakta yang telah terungkap di persidangan, terdakwa melakukan tindak pidana tanpa hak menjadi perantara jual beli narkotika dengan dakwaan alternatif yaitu melanggar Pasal 114 ayat (2) Nomor 35 tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika dan didakwa dengan dakwaan kesatu. Jual beli narkotika memiliki arti perbuatan-perbuatan yang dilarang oleh undang-undang dan dari perbuatan tersebut pelaku kejahatan akan mendapatkan sanksi hukuman karena dalam perkara ini pelaku melakukan tindak pidana.

Student discipline is a crucial aspect in the world of education that directly affects the effectiveness of the learning process. This study aims to analyze the implications of punishment on student discipline using a behaviorist learning theory approach. In this theory, punishment functions as a consequence that reduces unwanted behavior, while positive reinforcement aims to encourage expected behavior. A case study of Mrs. Supriyani, a teacher accused of committing violence against students, is the focus of this study. The results of the study indicate that punishment given appropriately and consistently can build a deterrent effect and increase student discipline. However, excessive or unfair punishment tends to have negative impacts, such as emotional resistance and damaged teacher-student relationships. To achieve more effective discipline, a combination of educational punishment and positive reinforcement is needed so that students not only understand the bad consequences of violations but are also motivated to demonstrate good behavior. Prospects for further development of this research include the implementation of restorative justice methods in conflict resolution and strengthening the role of teachers as learning facilitators who educate without having to cause fear.

Thel delath pelnalty has beleln a folrm olf punishmelnt sincel ancielnt timels and has belcolmel an intelnsel colnvelrsatioln amolng elxpelrts belcausel olf thel colntradictolry valuels helld by its suppolrtelrs and olppolnelnts. This study appliels a nolrmativel lelgal relselarch approlach tol asselss thel implelmelntatioln olf thel delath pelnalty in colrruptioln casels frolm thel pelrspelctivel olf human rights proltelctioln. In this study, thel data analysis melthold useld was qualitativel data analysis with a delscriptivel approlach. Thel usel olf thel delath pelnalty as a sanctioln folr colrruptioln is thel molst elxtrelmel folrm olf punishmelnt folr pelrpeltratolrs olf such crimels, belcausel it invollvels taking livels as a relsult olf thelir actiolns. Thel applicatioln olf thel delath pelnalty is colnsidelreld tol viollatel human rights, as stateld in articlels 28A and 28I olf thel 1945 Colnstitutioln, Articlel 4 and Articlel 9 olf Law Nol. 39 olf 1999, and articlel 3 olf thel UDHR. Thel implelmelntatioln olf thel delath pelnalty in colrruptioln casels sparkeld delbatel frolm a human rights pelrspelctivel. Solmel arguel that such melasurels arel colntrary tol human rights, particularly thel right tol lifel.

Sentencing must take into account juridical and sociological aspects to provide a deterrent effect and benefit society. In Law no. 1 of 2023, the death penalty is regulated as a last resort for serious crimes, in accordance with human rights principles and Islamic legal views. This research uses a normative method with a statutory approach to examine the death penalty in Law no. 1 of 2023 and compare it with Islamic law. The death penalty in Law no. 1 of 2023 is regulated in Articles 64 and 67, no longer as a basic crime but as a last alternative for extraordinary crimes that threaten life, with stricter implementation because it refers to the ratification of the ICCPR. In Islamic law, the death penalty applies to murder, adultery (for married perpetrators), armed robbery and rebellion, with the principle of qishash as the main basis.

Health is a state of health, both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially that allows everyone to live productively socially and economically. Health is based on legal provisions, including health law. The development of criminal acts in the field of health sciences One of the crimes in health law that is rampant is the crime in the field of pharmacy, one of which is circulating pharmaceutical preparations of drugs without a distribution permit. Drugs without a distribution permit cannot be freely traded to the public. This is not without reason, unlicensed drugs must be consumed in the right dosage so as not to endanger the health of the public or the people who consume the drug. This research is a normative juridical research using secondary data through literature studies, namely by using research on various sources of books, laws and regulations related to the crime of producing and distributing pharmaceutical preparations without a distribution permit. From the research conducted, it can be concluded that the application of criminal sanctions against criminal offenders who circulate pharmaceutical preparations without a distribution permit is contained in several laws and regulations, namely, Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health and Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health as a means of crime prevention. The implementation of this law is expected to ensnare the perpetrators of the crime of distributing pharmaceutical preparations without a distribution permit.

This article discusses a theoretical study of impoverishment punishment for corrupt perpetrators. Corruption is considered a planned crime that has a negative impact on the state and society and requires decisive action to eradicate it. This survey revealed that the majority of students think that impoverishment punishment, which is expected to have a deterrent effect compared to prison sentences, can be an effective preventive effort in eradicating corruption. The students also emphasized the importance of returning assets to the state to compensate for losses due to corruption. The view of the death penalty for corruption perpetrators is now considered irrelevant, because the focus is on recovery economy and justice. This study shows that a stricter and more systematic approach is needed in eradicating corruption, including stricter regulations, proper asset management, and educating the public about the negative impacts of corruption. Thus, this article presents an understanding of sharing perspectives. The younger generation can help create more effective anti-corruption policies in Indonesia.

This research examines the problem of law enforcement against abstention behavior in elections in Indonesia, with a focus on punishment for abstention behavior that does not vote and does not come to the polling station. The background of this research is the legal vacuum arising from the current election law enforcement system, which is characterized by the ups and downs of the abstention rate that occurs. In 2004 the abstention rate amounted to 20.24%, in 2009 the number of abstentions increased to 25.19%, in 2014 the number of abstentions increased more drastically to 30, 22%, while the last in 2019 the number of abstentions decreased to 18.03%. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the implications of abstention on democratic development and to provide sanctions regulations in the form of administrative and criminal sanctions for abstainers who do not come to the polling stations. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis, by examining relevant primary and secondary data. Data was collected through literature study, and analysis of related documents. The results of this study show that abstention is an act that is not allowed by a country. Abstention behavior can reduce the level of election participation and the level of legitimacy as a prerequisite for the state as a democracy. Thus, it is necessary to reform the regulations under citizens who abstain from coming to the polling stations must be subject to punishment in the form of both administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions which will be related to policies submitted to the legislators.

Writing journal about "death penalty from a criminal and human rights perspectiveis " is to find and describe how the application of death penalty to date, in which there are several countries that apply it to as a payment and even the punishment must be accepted by someone who has violated the provisions of regulations in a country. There are Countries Applied death penalty include China, Saudi Arabia, Iran, the Indonesia and United States. In all countries there are various types of capital punishment, but the most commonly used are shooting and death row Implementation of death penalty in the Criminal Code is only regulated by Article 11 with the compiler R. Soesilo As the formula: the execution of death penalty is imposed by a judicial institution within the military court or general court, with a procedure of being shot to death in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 2 (PNPS) of 1964 However, death penalty contradicts of notion by human rights as described in article 3 of the DUHAM which states that the most extreme form of violation of the right to life is killing or injuring a person or group of people physically or mentally.