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This study aims to examine relevant and effective Christian Religious Education (CRE) learning methods in the digital era. The rapid development of information and communication technology has brought significant changes in education, including CRE instruction. The research method employed is a literature study with a descriptive-analytical approach to various academic sources and technology-based CRE learning practices. The results indicate that integrating digital media such as online learning platforms, Bible-based interactive applications, and social media creatively can enhance students' engagement and understanding of Christian faith values. Furthermore, the use of digital technology opens wider opportunities for contextual and meaningful faith formation across diverse learning environments. The study also identifies key challenges faced by CRE teachers, namely digital readiness, infrastructure limitations, and maintaining relational and spiritual dimensions in virtual learning environments. Teachers must therefore be equipped not only technologically but also theologically to navigate these complexities. The research concludes that the transformation of CRE methods in the digital era is not merely a technology adoption but a holistic theological integration of faith, technology, and pedagogy.

Christian religious education teachers act as agents of social, spiritual, and cultural transformation by integrating Christian values ​​into the lives of communities that are still strongly bound to ancestral customs and beliefs. The transformation of customs through contextual evangelism is both a challenge and an opportunity for Christian religious education (PAK) teachers in carrying out their roles as educators and servants of God in a pluralistic society. This study aims to analyze the strategic steps of PAK teachers in integrating Gospel values ​​with local culture without eliminating the identity of the Christian faith or damaging the noble values ​​of customs. The research method used is a qualitative approach and literature study. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers need to have three main strategic steps, namely contextual understanding by studying in depth the values, symbols, and practices of local customs, a transformational approach, namely presenting Gospel values ​​through education that respects culture but leads to renewal of life and pedagogical implementation through creative and reflective learning methods that foster students' awareness of faith and social responsibility. With this strategy, Christian Religious Education teachers can become agents of transformation, bridging the gap between Christian faith and local culture, ensuring that evangelism is not confrontational but contextual, dialogical, and builds lives rooted in the love of Christ.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers as counselors in shaping students’ social behavior amid increasing behavioral deviations such as bullying, violence, misuse of social media, and low tolerance. These phenomena are influenced by internal factors such as emotional instability and identity formation, as well as external factors including family, environment, and digital culture. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a library research approach by collecting data from books, scholarly journals, and relevant documents. The findings reveal that CRE teachers play a strategic role not only as educators but also as counselors who accompany students holistically, covering spiritual, moral, emotional, and social aspects. The counseling role performed by CRE teachers includes modeling behavior, mediating conflicts, strengthening self-control, providing social support, and building empathetic relationships with students. Through this approach, students undergo a process of internalizing Christian values such as love, forgiveness, responsibility, and tolerance, which contribute to the development of positive social behavior. Furthermore, collaboration among teachers, parents, and the community serves as a supporting factor in successful character formation. Therefore, the role of CRE teachers as counselors is proven to be effective in shaping students’ social behavior in accordance with moral, social, and religious values, while contributing to the development of a generation with integrity and competitiveness.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of pedagogical competence among Christian Religious Education teachers and its implications for students’ learning interest at SMTK Katharos Bekasi. The study is based on the importance of teachers’ pedagogical competence in creating effective learning environments and increasing student engagement in the classroom. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was applied in this research. Data were collected through classroom observations, questionnaire-based interviews with students, and literature review. The findings show that teachers’ pedagogical competence is categorized as good, with an average score of 33.8 or 75.1% of the maximum score, reflecting effective classroom management, appropriate material delivery, and proper student guidance. Students’ learning interest is also categorized as good, with an average score of 32.8 or 72.9%, indicating active participation and positive engagement in the learning process. Therefore, pedagogical competence positively influences students’ learning interest, and continuous improvement is needed to enhance learning effectiveness.

The diversity of students’ study motivations in theological higher education presents both challenges and opportunities in shaping the spirituality of prospective Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers. Not all students enter the CRE program based on a calling to ministry, resulting in varying levels of initial spiritual readiness. This study aims to analyze the process of spiritual formation among CRE students as prospective teachers at STT Katharos Indonesia Bekasi in the context of diverse study motivations, referring to James W. Fowler’s theory of faith development. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving CRE students. The findings reveal that despite diverse initial motivations, the integrated theological education process through academic learning, ministry practices, community life, and spiritual formation effectively fosters faith growth and personal encounters with Christ. This process contributes to the development of students’ spiritual maturity. The study concludes that CRE education functions as an effective means of faith transformation in preparing prospective teachers with strong spiritual integrity and readiness for ministry.

This study analyzes the ethics of Christian Religious Education teachers based on James 3:1, which emphasizes the great responsibility carried by those who teach in the context of educational ministry. The research aims to examine the relevance of biblical principles regarding the role and duties of teachers with the implementation of the professional code of ethics for Christian Religious Education teachers in Indonesia. Teachers are not only responsible for delivering academic knowledge but also serve as moral and spiritual role models whose words, attitudes, and actions significantly influence students’ faith development. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method through literature analysis, including the interpretation of James 3:1, ethical guidelines, and theological-pedagogical studies. The findings show that James 3:1 provides a strong warning for teachers to be cautious, responsible, and accountable in their teaching practices, as their judgment before God is greater. In conclusion, the ethics of Christian Religious Education teachers reflect their faith commitment in carrying out their responsibilities with integrity.

Faith education for children in contemporary Christian families is experiencing a crisis as many parents completely hand over the responsibility of faith education to schools and churches. This study aims to analyze the principles of faith education in Deuteronomy 6:4-9 and formulate strategic roles for Christian Religious Education teachers in empowering parents to implement faith education at home. The research method used is qualitative with a library research approach and hermeneutical analysis of Deuteronomy 6:4-9. The results show that Deuteronomy 6:4-9 emphasizes the importance of parental role modeling, repetitive teaching, integration of faith in daily life, and creation of a faith-rich home environment. Christian Religious Education teachers play a strategic role in empowering parents through theological training, provision of practical materials, continuous mentoring, partnership with churches, and exemplary living. Collaboration between Christian Religious Education teachers and families is essential to build a holistic faith education ecosystem so that children grow with a strong faith foundation from home.

This study aims to examine the contribution of educational psychology in the context of Christian education, particularly for educators, school principals, Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers, Sunday school teachers, pastors, elders, and church servants. This theoretical study shows that educational psychology helps in understanding the characteristics of learners, optimizing teaching methods, building effective teacher-student relationships, and enhancing motivation and involvement in the learning and preaching process. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through a review of books, literature, journals, notes, and relevant reports. Educational psychology plays a significant role for all those involved in Christian education and ministry. CRE teachers and Sunday school teachers have a crucial role in instilling faith values in the younger generation by understanding the learning needs of children according to their cognitive and spiritual development stages. This enables them to deliver God's word in an engaging and meaningful way. Meanwhile, pastors, elders, and church servants require an understanding of educational psychology to carry out more wise pastoral ministry. Psychological understanding helps them provide spiritual guidance, counseling, and support for members who are struggling. Educational psychology also equips church servants to lead with empathy, listen with their hearts, and guide the congregation towards true spiritual restoration. The integration of educational psychology with Christian faith significantly impacts the improvement of learning and church ministry, producing individuals who are intellectually, emotionally, and spiritually balanced.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of Christian Religious Education Teachers' Personality Competencies and Character on the Behavior of Class VII students at SMP Negeri 3 Lintongnihuta for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive and inferential approach. The population is all class VII students of SMP N 3 Lintongnihuta, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year, 164 of whom are Protestant Christians and a sample of 41 people was determined using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 30 items, namely 15 items for variable 2023/2024, proven through the following data analysis: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy = 0.518 > rtable(a=0.05,n=41) = 0.316. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 3.782 > ttable(a=0.05, dk=n-2=39)= 2.021. 2) Test the effect: a) Test the regression equation, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="21.17"+0.58X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 26.8%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=15, dk denominator=n-2=41-2=39) namely 14.26 > 1.92. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

The Society 5.0 era brings profound transformation in education, requiring Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers to integrate technology in learning while maintaining Christian values. This study aims to analyze the challenges faced by PAK teachers in improving professional competence in this era, as well as exploring existing opportunities. The method used is library research with a qualitative approach, collecting data from journals and related literature. The results of the study indicate that many PAK teachers are not ready to face change, so they need a systematic professional development program. In addition, digital technology offers innovative learning methods that can increase student engagement. This study recommends a holistic approach in developing teacher competence, by maintaining a balance between technology and spiritual values.

Achievement Motivation as the Responsibility of Teachers and Parents Towards Students in the 4.0 Era and Its Relevance in Christian Religious Education. The background of writing this article is to understand the motivation of students' learning achievement in the 4.0 era. The purpose of this study is to improve students' learning achievement, one of the determining factors of success is learning motivation. Motivation plays an important role in encouraging students to study diligently, tenaciously and with full concentration so that learning achievement can be optimal. The research method used in this study is qualitative research through literature study. The results are that learning motivation consists of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation which is influenced by various factors such as ideals, abilities, physical and psychological conditions of students, and the surrounding environment. Teachers and parents have an important role in providing achievement motivation through proper guidance, support, and supervision. In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, the challenges of learning motivation are increasingly complex because it facilitates access to technology that can distract students. Therefore, the role of Christian religious education is very important in shaping the character and spiritual values ​​of students so that they are able to face technological challenges wisely, maintain face-to-face relationships, and foster strong learning motivation.    

A Christian Religious Education teacher is a leader who never knows what it means to be tired in any situation where a teacher wants to make his students succeed in achieving a desired goal, of course the goal in question is good, such as achieving an ideal. Teachers as producers of a generation of great leaders are educated by great teachers, teachers must instill leadership values ​​for their students, both from material or direct practice in scouting extracurricular activities and so on. PAK teachers are a very noble and important profession in forming a generation that can lead the nation and state in the future, a teacher does not only act as a teacher, but also as a leader who can be a role model for his students. Leadership remains the most important part of human life, leaders are identical to teachers, when he learns from great people then he has the potential to become a great leader. Therefore, the role of PAK teachers is very important in order to produce a generation of leaders, especially in Indonesia, teachers must be prosperous so that they focus on teaching and educating their students. Teachers must focus on teaching and becoming great leaders among their students.

The aim of this research is to find out whether the Professional Competence of Christian Religious Education Teachers has a positive influence on the Character of Class IX Students of SMP Negeri 1 Baktiraja, Humbang Haunjungan Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. The research method used is a quantitative method with an inferential approach. The population is all 143 Protestant Christian students in Class IX of SMP Negeri 1 Baktiraja, Humbang Hasundutan Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year and a sample of 51 people was determined using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 36 items, namely 18 items for variable the following data: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy = 0.527 > rtable(=0.05,n=51) = 0.297. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 4.340 > ttable(=0.05, dk=n-2=49)= 2.021. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="28.09"+0.53X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 27.8%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=20, dk denominator=n-2=51-2=49) namely 18.81 > 1.51. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.    

Christian religious education at SMP Negeri 1 Teriak is an effort made to increase interest in reading the Bible for students in class VII, which is very important by increasing their reading of the Bible so that they can understand the meaning of the Bible. This type of research is qualitative research with an approach through observation, interviews, documentation, library research. The results of the research show that the efforts of Christian religious education teachers to increase interest in reading the Bible for class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Teriak, Bengkayang Regency are: 1) implementing literacy before starting lessons; 2) provide questionnaires for weekly reports at church; 3) give memory verses for each homework assignment; 4) create stories using Bible sources and are required to read the Bible every day to make reports. So, PAK teachers play an increasingly important role in encouraging Class VII students to read the Bible, so students will increasingly increase their interest in reading the Bible.    

Christian Religious Education (PAK) plays an important role in the formation of character and spirituality of students. This study aims to analyze human resource management (HR) in improving the effectiveness of the role of teachers and education personnel in the PAK environment. The approach used is a literature study, by analyzing literature, journals, and related references. The findings show that teachers are not only teachers, but also role models of Christian values. Continuous training, collaboration between teachers, cooperation with parents, and the availability of quality educational facilities are important factors in strengthening student character. A holistic management approach has been proven to be able to integrate cognitive, affective, and spiritual aspects. The implication is that adaptive and contextual HR management is needed so that PAK is able to answer the challenges of the times and form a generation with integrity.

Christian religious education teachers need to play a role as counselors for behavioral changes in students in elementary education institutions including at the 04 Tahu Public Elementary School, Meranti District. Christian religious education teachers who carry out their main duties at the 04 Tahu Public Elementary School because some students at the school have bad behavior, which includes fighting with their friends, hitting their friends without reason, being lazy to do homework, and there are other problems that they do. This paper aims to explain the role of Christian religious education teachers as counselors in counseling students who have problems or are not problems, so that they experience increasingly significant behavioral changes. The methodology used in this study is qualitative with a data processing approach, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The formulation of the theoretical results of this thesis is that if Christian religious education teachers play a better role optimally, then students will experience behavioral changes that are expected by many people. Thus, the simple conclusion of this thesis is that the role of Christian religious education teachers is highly expected to play a major role in making behavioral changes for students, especially students at the 04 Tahu Public Elementary School.

Jesus Christ as a role model for PAK teachers so that the role and competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers. Jesus, as the Great Teacher, provides a learning model centered on love, patience, wisdom, and real-life examples. By understanding and applying the principles of Jesus' leadership and teaching, PAK teachers can be more effective in guiding students, both in spiritual and moral aspects. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through literature study of theological literature, Christian education, and analysis of Jesus' teachings and actions in the Bible. The results showed that the example of Jesus has a significant impact in shaping the character of PAK teachers, especially in the aspects of integrity, servant leadership, and the ability to educate with love and wisdom. The conclusion of this study confirms that PAK teachers who imitate Jesus can be agents of transformation in the world of education, forming a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent, but also has a strong Christian character.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in shaping the Christian character of students at SMK Negeri 1 Beringin. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method and secondary data analysis. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers have a strategic role as educators, mentors, facilitators, and advisors in instilling Christian values ​​such as love, honesty, responsibility, forgiveness, and concern for others. Character formation is carried out through the teacher's exemplary life, integration of Biblical values ​​in the learning process, application of real faith practices in everyday life, and a learning approach that prioritizes love and understanding of students' needs. In addition, PAK teachers are expected to continue to develop themselves spiritually and professionally to increase equal effectiveness. Suggestions from this study include the importance of improving the quality and competence of teachers, providing supporting facilities and infrastructure by schools, and developing contextual, interactive, and relevant learning methods to students' lives so that Christian character formation can take place optimally.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education Teachers in shaping the Emotional Quotient (EQ) of Alpha Generation children, as one of the efforts to welcome the Golden Indonesia 2045. The Alpha Generation that grows up in technological developments and global challenges requires high emotional intelligence to be able to adapt well in the future. using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, which collects theories and information from academically accountable sources such as books, journals, the Bible, and online media. The researcher selected relevant literature materials to discuss the role of Christian Religious Education teachers in shaping the emotional quotient (EQ) of Alpha Generation children. The main purpose of this study is to explore how PAK teachers can play a role in shaping children's EQ through a learning approach based on Christian religious values, as well as to find out the strategies and methods used in teaching to improve children's emotional intelligence. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of character education, especially in the context of Christian religious education, to support the achievement of the Golden Indonesia 2045 by producing a generation that is emotionally, socially, and spiritually intelligent.

This study aims to examine the role of Christian religious education teachers as role models in preventing bullying in the environment of SMA Negeri 2 Siborong-Borong. Bullying in schools is a serious problem that can hurt student's mental and emotional development. As respected figures and role models, teachers have a key role in creating a safe and respectful environment. In this study, the author highlights various ways in which teachers can play an active role, such as being an example of positive behaviour, building good relationships with students, teaching the values ​​of empathy and tolerance, and enforcing anti-bullying rules firmly. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach by presenting descriptions of literature, books and journals that are linked to the context of teachers and students at SMA Negeri 2 Siborong-Borong. The results of the study indicate that the role of teachers as role models is very important in creating a school culture that is free from bullying and increasing students' awareness of the dangers of bullying and the importance of mutual respect. Thus, the role of teachers as role models in preventing bullying can significantly impact creating a safe and comfortable learning atmosphere for all students.