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Indonesia is an agricultural country that has great potential for the development of tropical fruits, horticultural crops and vegetables. Vegetables are important foods that are needed by the body because they contain nutrients needed by the body. However, some sweet potatoes that contain nutrients have not been adequately studied and utilized, including sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) from the Convulvulaceae family (Suparman, 2007). Sweet potato plants (Ipomoea batatas L) from 1968 until now have been widely produced, even Indonesia was the fourth largest country that produced sweet potato plants.The objectives of this study were: 1) Knowing the process of making purple sweet potato Gel candy; 2) Knowing consumer acceptance of purple sweet potato Gel candy products; 3) Knowing the nutritional content of purple sweet potato Gel candy. The methods used in this research include literary, documentation, experimental, organoleptic, hedonic and nutritional content methods. The resulting data is then processed and evaluated and then presented in tables and diagrams with in-depth explanations.The results showed that the best formula composition is found in code 472 The characteristics of the purple sweet potato gel candy produced are sweet and sour taste, candy aroma, solid chewy texture, light purple color. The panelists' acceptance of the making of purple sweet potato gel candy through the hedonic test results showed that the most favored by the Panelists were the product code 472 with a composition of 60 grams of sweet potato, 75 grams of gelatin, 75 grams of sugar, 1 gram of himalaya salt.

The addition of papaya with jasmine scent are hopefully become new innovation to candy product.The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of added papaya and jasmine in candy making, and to determine the level of public preference for candy with jasmine as flavor. Experiments were carried out 3 times to get the best candy formula. The experimental results were tested by untrained panelists to determine the public's acceptance of papaya candy products with jasmine flavoring. The experimental and test results show that the formula and characteristics of the candy are correct and appropriate. The addition of sample 105 jasmine water is the result of 5% jasmine water from papaya juice and sample 115 is 15% jasmine water from papaya juice, preferably compared to sample 125 which is 25% jasmine water from papaya juice. The acceptance of papaya candy with jasmine flowers as aromas to people who prefer a non-pungent aroma. Based on texture and color, there is no difference in percentage. Suggestions during research are to obtain clear candy results at cooking temperature, cooking time, and stirring the dough. Cooking temperatures that are too high can cause caramelization, which is indicated by the appearance of a slightly brownish and unclear dough.

Multimedia learning software development requires design methods, development tools, examination models and proficiency in Information Technology systems. It is necessary to formulate a Holistic Method which considers all related aspects in order to guide the quality of good design in designing Multimedia Learning. Implementing the findings of the Holistic Method formulation to build multimedia learning with good design quality. This study formulates the stages of multimedia development which include: Creative Brief, Design, Material Preparation, Compiling, Testing, Distribution. The multimedia software development process will be guided by 15 guiding elements which are grouped into 5 elements, include : content, appearance, utility aspect, user caracter, and didactic. These guiding elements are used to produce good quality learning multimedia designs. The methodology is called Holistic Multimedia Development Model (HMDM).

Monitoring nutrition and health during the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK) in Pacellekang Village is very important to prevent stunting. However, during the pandemic, many posyandu were forced to stop their activities because they were in the red zone. The assistance program for malnourished pregnant women (KEK) aims to improve the health and nutritional status of KEK pregnant women in Makassar City. Community service activities are carried out online using Zoom meetings, WhatsApp groups and Google Forms. The results of the service show that most of the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women regarding nutrition and health are classified as good. The majority (85.2%) of pregnant women had carried out pregnancy checks at least four times with a midwife or doctor during pregnancy. Apart from that, 88.9% of pregnant women regularly take blood supplement tablets. Around 85.2% of pregnant women follow the principles of balanced nutrition in their daily diet. However, 55.6% of pregnant women who frequently experience nausea and vomiting tend to lose their appetite and skip meals and snacks. Based on program monitoring in October, there were records that two pregnant women were unable to provide exclusive breastfeeding (IMD) due to premature birth (separation care), and young mothers (under 20 years) felt anxious when breast milk did not come immediately after delivery, so they gave Formula milk.    

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of hedonic value, utilitarian value and store atmosphere on impulse buying. The population in this study were consumers in Kendari City who had shopped and visited Minnisou Lippo Plaza Kendari. The population in this study is infinite which means unlimited. The number of samples in this study amounted to 96 respondents (based on the Lemeshow formula). Data analysis method in this research uses multiple linear regression. The results showed that hedonic shopping value has a positive effect on impulse buying, utilitarian value does not have a positive effect on impulse buying, store atmosphere has a positive effect on impulse buying, and hedonic shopping value, utilitarian value and store atmosphere together positively influence positive impulse buying. Keywords: Hedonic Shopping Value; Utilitarian Value; Store Atmosphere, Impulse Buying  

The shift in global paradigm and threat perspective has led to a wide variety of possible risks and uncertainties. This situation also occurs in the defense economy, so understanding the basic principles of risk and uncertainty is important, especially in a decision-making process. There are several elements and concepts that are usually used in all decision models. Almost all models, whether complex or simple, can be formulated using a standard structure and solved by using general evaluation procedures. For decisions involving a series of decisions and relating to various basic sequential conditions, the decision tree is an appropriate conceptual and schematic modeling tool. A decision tree is a schematic representation of a decision problem. A decision tree is a diagram made like a tree with branches and branches in a chronological order of events, with each having a choice and possibility of occurrence, as well as the results of each choice. The term decision tree is taken from the form of diagrams that have branches and twigs, just like a tree.

Permen jelly adalah produk pangan semi basah yang terbentuk dari cairan dengan bahan dasar gula dan bahan pemanis lainnya. Tekstur permen jelly terbentuk dengan menambahkan gel sebagai bahan yang pembentuk gel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meciptakan inovasi produk permen jelly dari ekstrak daun kersen-pandan yang kaya akan aktivitas antiksidan dan rendah kalori. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai inovasi produk dan pengembangan bahan pangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial 2 faktor. Faktor yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak daun kersen-pandan dan variasi jenis gula rendah kalori (sorbitol, stevia dan fruktosa). Perbandingan ekstrak daun kersen-pandan yang digunakan adalah 140:60, 160:40, dan 180:20. Formulasi perlakuan terbaik uji kimia pada pembuatan permen jelly ini adalah perbandingan ekstrak daun kersen-pandan 140:60 g dengan jenis gula stevia, dimana aktivitas antioksidan 40,39%, total fenol 2,194 mg GAE/g, gula total 6,711% kadar abu 0,066% dan kadar air sebesar 17,75%. Uji sensorik terbaik adalah perbandingan ekstrak daun kersen-daun pandan 140:60 g dengan jenis gula stevia, dimana warna 4,30 (hijau tua), flavor pandan 2,59 (agak kuat), rasa manis 1,72 (sedikit terasa manis), tekstur kenyal 2,02 (kenyal) dan kesukaan keseluruhan 1,87 (suka).

Kopi merupakan salah satu jenis tanamannperkebunan yang sudah lama dibudidayakan dannmemiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Biji kopi umumnya diolah menjadi kopi bubuk. Produk kopi ini ditambahhdengan rempah-rempah yaitu kapulaga dan kayu manis sehinggaaakan menghasilkan produk kopi yang kaya akan antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menentukannpengaruh penambahan kapulaga dan kayu manis dalam kopi serta menentukan pengaruh variasi komposisi rempah terhadappkopi dan aktivitasSantioksidan kopi rempah. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor pertama perbandinganSkopi dan rempah (100:0, 99:1, dan 98:2) dengan perbandinganSkapulaga dan kayuumanis 1:3. Faktor kedua yaitu perbedaan suhu roasting kopi (205oC, 220oC, 235oC). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa formulasi kopi dengannpenambahan rempah (kapulaga dan kayu manis) terbaik berdasarkan nilai kimia dan organoleptikSadalahhkopi 100 gram rempah 0 gram dengan suhu 220oC dengan kadar air sebesar 5,536%, kadar abu sebesar 4,705%, aktivitas antioksidan DPPH sebesar 67,886%, aktivitas antioksidan FRAP sebesar 11,396%, total fenol sebesar 2,851 mg GAE/g serta kadar kafein sebesar 18,290 mg/g.

Flakes adalah salah satu jenis makanan yang berbentuk lembaran tipis atau serpihan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tepung beras ketan hitam, tepung mocaf dan ampas kelapa sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan flakes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan formulasi yang tepat untuk menghasilkan  flakes ampas kelapa yang memiliki kandungan serat tinggi dengan variasi lama pemanggangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu perbandingan tepung komposit ketan hitam : mocaf dan variasi lama pemanggangan. Faktor pertama perbandingan tepung beras ketan hitam dan tepung mocaf (60:40, 70:30, dan 80:20), sedangkan faktor kedua variasi lama pemanggangan flakes (20, 25 dan 30 menit). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rasio konsentrasi tepung beras ketan hitam dan mocaf  80:20 dan lama pemanggangan selama 30 menit merupakan formulasi flakes yang terbaik karena memiliki sifat fungsional yang diharapkan yaitu kadar air 1,38%, kadar per berat keringnya yaitu antara lain: kadar abu 0,016%, kadar lemak 0,421%, kadar protein 0,122%, kadar serat kasar 0,184%, karbohidrat 0,268% serta uji organoleptik terhadap warna  3,54 (ungu tua kehitaman), flavor kelapa 2,84 (terasa), kerenyahan 2,82 (renyah), kekerasan 3,50 (keras), kesukaan keseluruhan 3,04 (paling disukai)

ABSTRAK Bakso ikan merupakan salah satu produk diversifikasi pangan yang disukai oleh semua kalangan masyarakat. Salah satu jenis ikan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku adalah ikan bandeng. Ikan bandeng memiliki rasa yang enak, gurih, harga yang terjangkau, serta mengandung protein tinggi dan rendah kolestrol. Guna menambah nilai gizi bakso ditambahkan suatu bahan tambahan yaitu rumput laut. Rumput laut mengandung mineral dan serat tinggi yang diperlukan oleh tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menentukan pengaruh penambahan rumput laut terhadap sifat organoleptik dan kimia serta menentukan formulasi terbaik bakso ikan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan factor pertama yaitu jenis rumput laut E cottoni, E Spinosum dan Spirulina. Faktor kedua yaitu penambahan tepung rumput laut konsentrasi 5, 10, 15%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung rumput laut berpengaruh nyata, dimana semakin banyak tepung rumput laut yang ditambahkan maka kadar air, abu, protein dan serat semakin tinggi sedangkan semakin banyak tepung rumput laut yang ditambahkan maka kadar lemak dan karbohidra tby different semakin menurun. Formulasi bakso ikan bandeng terpilih secara kimia dan organoleptik adalah penambahan E. cottoni 5%. Dalam penelitian ini masih perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dalam penentuan presentase penambahan tepung rumput laut serta penelitian tentang penambahan rempah-rempah untuk mereduksi flavor rumput laut khususnya jenis spirulina.Kata Kunci : Bakso, ikan bandeng, rumput laut

Flakes merupakan salah satu produk makanan sereal yang berbentuk serpihan. Penelitian ini menggunakan ubi ungu dan tepung gembili sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan  flakes. Ubi ungu kaya akan antioksidan yang dapat meningkatkan sifat fungsional  flakes, sedangkan gembili memiliki kadar inulin yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan variasi lama pengovenan guna untuk mengetahaui tingkat kematangan flakes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi pada flakes ubi ungu tepung gembili dengan variasi lama pengovenan dan untuk mengetahui rasio konsentrasi ubi ungu : tepung gembili dengan variasi lama pengovenan yang disukai konsumen. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu perbandingan ubi ungu : tepung gembili dan variasi lama pengovenan. Faktor yang pertama perbandingan ubi ungu dan tepung gembili (85:15, 90:10 dan 95:5), sedangkan faktor kedua variasi lama pengovenan flakes (40 menit, 45 menit dan 50 menit). Hasil penelitian ini menjukkan rasio konsentrasi ubi ungu dan tepung gembili 90:10 dan lama pengovenan selama 40 menit merupakan formulasi flakes yang terbaik karena memiliki sifat fungsional yang diharapkan yaitu aktivitas antioksidan 23,571%, kadar air 6,788%, kadar abu 3,628%, kadar lemak 5,977%, kadar protein 5,757%, karbohidrat 77,850% serta uji organoleptik terhadap warna 3,306; flavor ubi ungu 2,867; kerenyahan 3,417 dan kesukaan keseluruhan 3,183.

This paper determines by simulation the temperature profiles of a thick carbon fiber/epoxy laminate during its cure process. The one-dimensional model of heat transfer is solved by using a finite difference numerical scheme. In the process, the same physical and thermal properties of materials used by ZhanSheng et al. are employed. The temperature is calculated through a judicious formulation and application of the Alternating Group Explicit (AGE) iterative method developed by Evans and Sahimi. A fourthorder Runge Kutta method is applied for the cure. The AGE scheme proves to be a viable iterative method with respect to stability, efficiency and rate of convergence.

One type of clothing is ready to wear, in the form of ready-to-wear clothing. Currently this clothing is a trend, with monochrome colors and geometric motifs. The goal to be achieved is to make Monochromatic Tri-Angle ready-to-wear clothes. The data collection methodology used was in the form of observation, documentation, and literature. The fabric motif in the form of geometric shapes can be found on the Jepara Troso woven fabric. This outfit is based on a monochrome source of ideas, a triangle shape, and a Bird of Paradise. This dress is a party dress for non-formal parties. Consists of three parts, namely a long sleeved blouse with a balloon style with hidden buttons and no collar, a sleeveless outer length, then a custom skirt with a slit and a span skirt inside. Making ready to wear Monochromatic Tri-Angle party dresses includes several processes. The first is to make a design, then from the design it is developed into a pattern with a predetermined formula and size. After that cutting the material, laying the pattern on the fabric should be as much as possible so as not to waste a lot of material. Then the sewing process, which is combining the pieces of material. The last one is the solution, which includes attaching the rubbing stone application using a special tool, cleaning clothes from threads and ironing clothes to make them tidier.

Satisfaction is a person's feelings of pleasure or disappointment that arise after comparing the results of a service that are in accordance with or not in accordance with the expectations they had before getting service. Patients as users of nursing services demand nursing services in accordance with their rights, namely quality nursing services. In providing nursing services, Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) is very important to assist nurses in achieving quality nursing care. In giving medicine, one must pay attention to the six "correct" principles which have become mandatory procedures before giving medicine, namely: right patient, right drug, right dose, right method, right time, and correct documentation. This study aims to identify the effect of applying standard operational procedures (SOP) for drug administration with the six correct principles on the level of patient satisfaction in Ungaran Hospital. The design of this research is descriptive analysis using a cross sectional approach, the number of samples used is 90 respondents using the Slovin formula to determine. The results of the study using the Chi Square analysis test showed that there was a significant effect between the application (SOP) of drug administration with the six correct principles on the level of patient satisfaction (p = 0.000). From the results of the analysis obtained the value of Odds Ratio (OR) of 59.160. The recommendation from this research is that nurses always apply the SOP correctly to increase patient satisfaction.

      Brownies merupakan cake coklat yang terbuat dari tepung terigu, lemak, telur, gula pasir dan coklat. Metode pemasakan brownies ada dua yaitu pemanggangan dan pengukusan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tepung jewawut dan tepung maizena agar dihasilkan brownies kukus bebas gluten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi tepung yang memiliki kadar protein tertinggi pada brownies dan untuk mengetahui lama pengukusan yang optimal sehingga menghasilkan brownies kukus tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung yang paling disukai. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktorial yaitu faktor pertama ratio tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung (50:50, 40:60 dan 30:70), sedangkan faktor kedua lama pengukusan (30 menit, 40 menit dan 50 menit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Brownies kukus tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung dengan ratio 50:50 dan lama pengukusan 50 menit merupakan ratio yang terbaik karena memiliki kadar protein paling tinggi yaitu 5.828%.  Pada perlakuan ini menghasilkan 19.967% kadar air, 1.585% kadar abu, 1.786% gula total, serta uji organoleptik terhadap warna 3.590 (coklat gelap), tekstur 3.340 (lembut), flavor jewawut 2.855 (sedikit terasa) dan kesukaan keseluruhan 3.285 (disukai). Kata kunci : Brownies, tepung jewawut, tepung jagung, kadar protein.  ABSTRACT      Brownies is chocolate cakes made from flour, fat, eggs, sugar and chocolate. There are two methods of cooking brownies namely roasting and steaming. This study uses millet flour and maizena flour to produced gluten free steamed brownies. This study aims to determine the best of flour formulated which has highest protein content in steamed brownies and to knew the optimal steaming time that produced the most favored  of  steamed brownies millet flour and  corn flour. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorials, the first factor is ratio of millet flour and corn flour (50:50, 40:60 and 30:70), while the second factor was the duration of steaming process (30, 40 and 50 minutes). The result of the study showed steamed flour of millet flour and corn flour with ratio of 50:50 and with steamed process duration 50 minutes is the best ratio because it had the highest protein content of 5.828%.  In this treatment yielded 19.97% moisture content, 1.585% ash content, 1.786% total sugar and organoleptic test is 3.590 (dark chocolate) colors, 3.340 (soft) texture, 2.855 (slightly felt) millet flavors and 3.285 (preferred) overall preferences. Keywords :  Brownies, millet flour, corn flour, protein content

Tempe merupakan salah satu produk fermentasi kedelai tradisional yang cukup terkenal, dengan menggunakan jamur Rhizopus oligosporus. Tempe mempunyai berbagai macam manfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh. Demikian juga dengan bekatul beras merah yang memiliki berbagai nutrisi yaitu kandungan antioksidan dan serat yang tinggi, mengandung banyak mineral. Di kalangan masyarakat, bekatul beras merah belum banyak dimanfaatkan terutama sebagai produk olahan yang memiliki nilai fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik kimia dan sensori tempe kedelai yang difortifikasi bekatul beras merah dan lama fermentasi, menentukan formulasi yang tepat dari tempe kedelai yang difortifikasi bekatul beras merah dengan lama fermentasi sehingga diperoleh tempe dengan aktivitas antioksidan dan serat yang tinggi serta disukai konsumen. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah rasio kedelai dan bekatul beras merah (80:20; 70:30; 60;40), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah lama fermentasi (24, 36, 48 jam). Penelitian dimulai dari pembuatan tempe yang difortifikasi bekatul beras merah kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, aktivitas antioksidan, kadar serat, dan analisis uji organoleptik meliputi warna, rasa, aroma, kekompakan, dan kesukaan keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian yang terbaik adalah pada rasio kedelai dan bekatul beras merah 60:40 dengan lama fermentasi 48 jam didasarkan pada hasil pengujian kimia antioksidan dan serat terbaik. Pada perlakuan ini dihasilkan kadar air 51,34%, kadar abu 8,90%, kadar protein 21,62%, aktivitas antioksidan 72,03%, dan kadar serat 23,44%, sedangkan untuk pengujian organoleptik yang meliputi warna 3,66(merah bata); aroma 3,24 (aroma bekatul beras merah kuat); rasa 3,54 (rasa bekatul beras merah sangat kuat); kekompakan 3,73(kekompakan tempe sangat kuat); dan kesukaan keseluruhan 3,35 (suka). Kata kunci: Tempe, bekatul beras merah, antioksidan, serat, lama fermentasi.ABSTRACTTempeh is one of the well-known traditional soybean fermentation products, using the mushroom Rhizopus oligosporus. Tempeh has a variety of health benefits. Moreover, red rice bran which has a variety of nutrients that contain antioxidants and high fiber, and contain lot of minerals. Among the people, red rice bran has not been widely used, especially as a processed product that has functional value. This study aims to determine the chemical characteristics and sensory of soybean tempeh fortified with red rice bran and fermentation duration, to determine the appropriate formulation of soybean fortified soybean rice bran with fermentation duration so that tempe is obtained with antioxidant activity and high fiber as well as consumer preference. This research was conducted using two factorials Completely Randomized Design (CRD) The first factor was the ratio of soybean and rice bran (80:20; 70:30; 60:40), while the second factor was the duration of fermentation (24, 36, 48 hours). The study began with the making of tempeh fortified with red rice bran and then analyzed for water content analysis, ash content, protein content, antioxidant activity, fiber content, organoleptic test analysis including color, taste, aroma, compactness, and overall preference. The best results was at the ratio of 60:40 soybean and rice bran with fermentation duration 48 hour based on the results of testing the best chemical antioxidants and fiber. At this treatment produced 51,34% water content, 8,90% ash content, 21,62% protein content 72,03% antioxidant activity, and 23,44% fiber content, while for organoleptic testing which includes the color of 3,66 (brick red); aroma 3,24 (strong red rice bran aroma); flavor 3,54(flavor red rice bran very strong); compactness 3,73(compactness of tempeh is very strong); and overall preference 3,35 (likes). Keywords: Tempeh, red rice bran, antioxidant, fiber, long fermentation.

Clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum. L) Is one of the plants known by the people in Bula village as a traditional medicine the leaves of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum folium) are often used as an alternative to cure stiff and rheumatic diseases such as causing pain due to excessive activity, so that it can be used as an active ingredient in making ointments The purpose of this study was to identify the chemical content of clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum folium) from Bula village and to formulate a good and stable clove leaf ethanol extract ointment (Syzygium aromaticum folium) using a ratio of variations in the concentration of the Hydrocarbon Base. This research method is experimental which was carried out using a combination base of vaseline album: cera alba from three different formulations with a concentration ratio of F1 (76%: 10 %), F2 (71%: 15%), F3 (66%: 20%), each formulation contains 10% ethanol extract of clove leaf (Syzygium aromaticum folium). Evaluation of ointment preparations was carried out after 1 week of storage; evaluation tests included organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests and pH tests. The results showed that the ointment preparations F1 (76%: 10%) met the requirements for a good and stable ointment, while F2 (71%: 15%), and F3 (66%: 20%) did not meet the requirements for a good and stable ointment.

Nutmeg is known as a spice plant that has economic value and multipurpose because every part of the plant can be used in various industries. Compounds contained in nutmeg seeds include essential oils, a-pinene, b-pinene, limonene, myristicin, safrole, and methyl eugenol. Nutmeg plant nutritious as antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, antimicrobial. The purpose of this study was to make a formulation of rubbing oil and to determine the bacteriostatic activity of nutmeg seed oil on staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study used three formulations, namely the provision of distilled water as a negative control, chloramphenicol as a positive control. The method used in this research is the well method. Bacteria that were incubated for 24 hours in the fastest concentration inhibition research were at 50% concentration because of bacterial growth which showed that the higher the concentration, the higher the inhibitory power and at 20% concentration the results were resistant, because the amount of solvent used was higher. low and can not inhibit the growth of microorganisms.