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Aqidah Akhlak through a literature review that focuses on lecture and discussion methods. In learning Aqidah Akhlak, choosing the right method is the key to success in delivering material and shaping students' character. The lecture method is effective for delivering basic information systematically, while the discussion method emphasizes more on active student involvement and the development of critical thinking skills. This article reviews various scientific literature to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and relevance of both methods in learning Aqidah Akhlak. The results of the study indicate that the use of both methods in an integrated manner can provide more optimal results, with lectures as an introduction and discussions as a deepening of the material. These findings provide a theoretical perspective for educators in designing effective learning strategies.

subject.Critical thinking skills of students in PAK subject. Discussion method is a method that teachers use with students to carry out a learning process through how teachers and students or students with each other exchange ideas. Through how teachers and students or students with each other exchange opinions and have their own arguments to achieve learning goals. Opinions and have their own arguments to achieve the specified learning objectives. That have been determined. This discussion method is also very instrumental to the students, where students can develop students' critical thinking skills. The students. This research uses a qualitative approach with method (library research). Study literature study is a method used to collect data that is in accordance with what will be researched through a collection of journals, apparatus, books, or other publications that can be used as a source of research, by describing and describing the data. Research, by describing and describing data based on the opinions of experts. Experts' opinions. Research with this library study will summarize information needed so that the problem or topic presented can be understood comprehensively. Presented can be understood comprehensively about the role of the discussion method in developing students' critical thinking skills in PAK subjects. The benefits of The benefit of this research is to add insight to the readers regarding the the importance of the role of discussion methods in developing students' critical thinking skills in students in PAK subject.

This study, titled "Islamic Religious Education Teachers' Strategies in Teaching Sex Education at SMP Swasta Budisatrya Medan," is based on observations that many students at SMP Swasta Budisatrya Medan face challenges in understanding sex education content that is not explicitly stated in the curriculum. This research aims to analyze the strategies used by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in delivering sex education to students. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation at SMP Swasta Budisatrya Medan in the 2023/2024 academic year. Primary data sources are derived from observations and interviews, while secondary data sources are from school documents and archives. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification. The results show that the strategies used by PAI teachers in teaching sex education include integrating relevant content into appropriate lessons, using lecture and discussion methods, and developing materials based on the teachers' personal experiences. These strategies are effective in enhancing students' understanding of sex education, despite challenges such as the lack of specific references and supporting teaching media. It is recommended that teachers continue to develop culturally and socially sensitive teaching strategies to address challenges in sex education.

Sei Naga Lawan is a coastal village that has natural tourism potential and is included in an ecotourism conservation area that can revive the economy, especially on the mangroves coast of Kampung Nipah, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra. To increase the participation of the Kampung Nipah Village community, the researchers initiated a mini community service program that is directly related to the empowerment of natural tourism potential in Sei Naga Lawan Village, especially the development of the beach area in Village Nipa palm. In connection with the above, researchers conducted socialization and strategies for conservation and management of mangrove forest using lecture and discussion methods followed by mangrove planting activities. The results of the activity show that the implementation of the Community Service Program in Kampung Nipah, Sei Naga Lawan District has been successfully carried out well. This can be seen from the enthusiasm of community members during lectures and discussions. During the seedling planting stage, they also worked together to plant according to what the service team directed. It is hoped that this service can provide knowledge and provide understanding and skills to the local community that Kampung Nipah, Sei Naga Lawan District has an important role as an economist buffer in the future.

Lack of social skills in students has an impact on students' indifferent attitude towards tasks given by teachers, lack of student participation in school activities and lack of interaction between students so that there are students who tend to be closed and have no sense of concern for their friends. Therefore, the role of teachers is needed in providing a positive contribution to the development of students' social attitudes. This type of research is descriptive qualitative and the data collection techniques used are observation and interviews. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed descriptively qualitatively which aims to describe the problems that occur and relate them to the specified variables and can also be discussed in narrative form. The results of the study found that social skills as an interaction ability between teachers and teachers and teachers with students, and students with students so social skills in schools are related to the relationship of school community interactions, the role of teachers in developing students' social skills attitudes is shown through a learning approach in the classroom, for example through character values ​​explained in learning with the aim of training students to have a sense of sympathy, concern, tolerance which are part of social skills so that in the development of students' social skills at SMP Negeri 2 Seram Barat, students can accept the application of social skills attitudes well, this can be seen from student interactions both with teachers and with peers. Application of Social Skills attitudes in Learning for students in class that in the learning process carried out by teachers in class at SMP Negeri 2 Seram Barat, using learning methods such as: question and answer methods, lecture methods, demonstration methods, discussion methods, jigsaw learning methods, peer teaching methods. The application of social skills attitudes in classroom learning, the right method is a method that trains student cooperation, trains how to convey opinions such as question and answer methods, discussion methods. In implementing social skills attitudes, not only teachers have an important role, but social skills are also carried out by other teachers in classroom learning using learning methods that can develop students' social skills.

This socialization activity is a community service program that is carried out to build the lives of people in Handil Bakti, Palaran District, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan. This service aims to socialize the benefits of rejected bread and expired milk as maggot feed. So that farmers are independently able to utilize bread and milk waste into animal feed which can minimize the costs incurred. Through a participatory and collaborative approach, this program was attended by 15 people who work as maggot farmers, laying hen farmers, ornamental chicken farmers, and the surrounding community. The service was carried out using lecture and discussion methods by means of delivery by resource persons and direct discussion. It is hoped that this socialization can open farmers' insights about waste that has the potential to be used as maggot feed. The results obtained during the training were the participants' understanding of the benefits of rejected bread and expired milk which can be used as a source of maggot feed.

Ecoprint is one of the activities of making batik through the process of transferring color and shape to fabric through direct contact. Ecoprint training was chosen because it was based on the discovery that there were many natural resources that had not been utilized, which was one of the reasons for conducting ecoprint training. In supporting the village's creative economy by utilizing natural resources, ecoprint is one solution that can be implemented. Apart from being able to provide ecoprint training experience, it can be used as an example of a business that supports the village economy. This training uses material delivery and discussion methods, a participatory approach and local potential.  The results of this training were to increase the experience and skills of the PKK mothers of Beringin Makmur village regarding ecoprinting. PKK mothers can find out how to make Ecoprint and can apply it at home. Another hope is that mothers can still produce work even though they are stuck at home. Apart from that, the participation method applied not only adds to the learning experience, but also builds a social environment that supports business development. Thus, this activity contributes to community economic empowerment and environmental preservation through creativity and innovation in the use of natural materials found around.

This study aims to prove the influence of the application of snowball throwing on the learning outcomes of dance-cultural arts, namely by analyzing the influence of differences in higher learning outcomes after a learning treatment using the snowball throwing method in learning cultural-dance arts in class XI, MIPA-2 SMA Negeri 1 Rabatan, Tanah Datar Regency. This research uses quantitative type with quasi-experimental method. The population is all students of class XI of SMAN 1 Rambatan totaling 183, with a study sample drawn in a simple cluster on 32 students of class XI-MIPA-2 (being an experimental class) and 32 students of class XI-MIPA-4 (being a control class). Data collection techniques with tests and observations. The data analysis technique uses the analysis of the difference in class mean in the final test-test results at the end of learning. . Hypothesis testing was performed with a T-test using the SPSS version 16 program, to test differences in the mean significance of the final test results in the experimental class and control class. The test results proved that the calculated t value at a score of 7.625 proved to be greater than the table t at a score of 1.69552. So statistically the value of t counts > t of the table. The results of this test also proved significant because t count > t this table was accepted at a critical value in the T-table at df= 31 and a confidence level of 95%, or at an alpha level of 0.05. The conclusion of the results of this study is that there is a significant difference in dance knowledge learning outcomes between the use of the snowball throwing method and conventional discussion methods in dance learning in class XI.MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Rambatan, Tanah Datar Regency.'. This means that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected.    

Menopause is the phase where menstruation stops for a woman. Menopause is caused by the loss of function of the ovarian follicles and a decrease in estrogen levels in the blood circulation. The menopausal transition period can occur gradually, usually starting with changes in the menstrual cycle. This transition period is called perimenopause. Perimenopause can last several years and can affect physical, emotional, mental and social well-being. So physical and mental preparation is needed to face this transition period. The aim of this community service is to provide education about menopause and prepare mothers as early as possible to face the menopause period. This activity was carried out in Sungai Jernih Hamlet, RT 10, Bajubang District, Batanghari Regency. Educational activities are carried out using lecture and discussion methods using leaflet media. The results of this activity showed that there was an increase in the level of maternal knowledge in the good category in the pre-test from 4 respondents (21%) to 16 respondents (84.2%) in the post-test results. So it can be concluded that there is an increase in knowledge among mothers before and after being given education about preparations for facing menopause.

This study aims to describe and find out the implementation of learning basic motion techniques in class X of SMA Negeri 9 Padang. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive method of analysis. The research instruments are the researchers themselves and are assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery, cameras and recorders. Data were collected through literature studies, observations, interviews and documentation. The steps of analyzing data are data collection, identifying data, clarifying data and concluding data. The results of the study show that cultural arts learning in the school has not been effective due to the lack of appropriate use of learning media, especially in the context of dance art. The use of only videos as a learning medium and group discussion methods only provide a limited picture of the material being studied. It is important to increase students' enthusiasm and motivation by providing a clear understanding of what is being learned and the purpose of learning cultural arts. Although art is a creative field of study, learning also has specific goals, such as developing the potential of artists who can contribute to different levels of education, including from the secondary and elementary levels.

The main purpose of this community empowerment activity is to provide guidance on optimising the role of village women in digital marketing innovation literacy to maintain business sustainability in Kelungkung Village. The methods used in this community service activity are tutorial methods, mentoring methods, discussion methods and evaluation. The results achieved from this activity are: (1) The enthusiasm of the PKK of Kelungkung Village for digital marketing innovation literacy activities with various conditions of limited time and age, (2) Can understand and practice how to create a market place account to do online marketing, (3) Can understand material about online marketing strategies, (4) Able to plan a digital marketing business, (5) Able to compile small business performance evaluation management.

The sharia economy offers a different approach from conventional economics, prioritizing the principles of justice, transparency, and sustainability. In the sharia economic system, there are various instruments that must be understood in depth by the actors. One of these instruments is sharia tax or known as Al-Kharaj. Al-Kharaj is a type of tax levied on land conquered by Muslims and administered by the government. This concept not only contains financial aspects but also has high social values and justice. This community service activity uses a lecture and discussion method aimed at STIE Ganesha Semester 4 Regular A. Management S1 students A. This activity is prepared for approximately 3 (three) months which includes the preparation, planning and implementation stages. The implementation of the activity was carried out for 1 (one) day, where the PKM team consisted of 4 (four) STIE Ganesha dsen and 8 (eight) students, where the lecturer was responsible for compiling the material and giving lectures, while students assisted in logistics and documentation to ensure that the activity ran smoothly and effectively. With a clear and interactive presentation, the lecture session succeeded in providing participants with a deep understanding of Al-Kharaj sharia tax  and with an interactive and collaborative atmosphere, the discussion session succeeded in deepening the participants' understanding and giving them the opportunity to apply the concepts they have learned in practical situations.

The main objective of this community empowerment activity is to build the spirit of developing entrepreneurs and business plans for teenagers who drop out of school in Sumbawa District. The methods used in this community service activity are tutorial methods, mentoring methods, discussion methods and evaluation. The results achieved from this activity are: (1) PKBM HATTA students are enthusiastic about starting an early business, (2) PKBM HATTA students can analyse business opportunities, (3) PKBM HATTA students can understand business development strategies, (4) PKBM HATTA students are able to plan businesses and manage risk management, (5) PKBM HATTA students are able to understand and run briefly related to online marketing management.

This study aims to investigate the influence of the Management Training Discussion Method on the Understanding of Islamic Education Management Students C4 Class of 2022. Discussion is an activity where people gather to talk and share opinions about a topic. The goal of the discussion is to broaden the understanding of a particular issue or topic. Training Management is the process of managing training within an organization. Its purpose is to enhance knowledge, skills, and abilities to work more effectively and efficiently. The method used in this research is a quantitative method, employing a causal-comparative approach with online questionnaires distributed through electronic media such as Google Forms. The findings from this study indicate that a constant variable does not contribute significantly to the correlation analysis, but it can still show a significant relationship in the regression analysis.

This study aims to investigate the influence of the Management Training Discussion Method on the Understanding of Islamic Education Management Students C4 Class of 2022. Discussion is an activity where people gather to talk and share opinions about a topic. The goal of the discussion is to broaden the understanding of a particular issue or topic. Training Management is the process of managing training within an organization. Its purpose is to enhance knowledge, skills, and abilities to work more effectively and efficiently. The method used in this research is a quantitative method, employing a causal-comparative approach with online questionnaires distributed through electronic media such as Google Forms. The findings from this study indicate that a constant variable does not contribute significantly to the correlation analysis, but it can still show a significant relationship in the regression analysis.

This research aims to describe students’ ability in writing persuasive text before and after using group discussion method in class VIII students of SMPN 37 Medan. The research method used was experimental with one group pretest postest design. The instruments used were pretest and postest written tests. The results showed that before using the group discussion method, students’ ability in writing persuasive texts was still lacking with an average score 59,37. However, after using the group discussion method, students’ abilities improved to good with an average score of 77,73. Data analysis showed a significant effect of group discussion method on students’ persuasive text writing ability. This is evidenced by the result of statistical calculations that show the normality test of pretest and postest data is normally distributed, the homogeneity test states that the sample is homogeneous, and the hypothesis test rejects H0 and accepts Ha. This research implies that the group discussion method is effective in improving students’ persuasive text writing ability in class VIII of SMPN 37 Medan.  

Stunting in children under five years old is a serious global health problem, especially in Semarang City. Community service activities were carried out in Pedurungan Tengah Village. The aim of this study was to increase the understanding about stunting and its prevention. Discussion method was used to deliver the topics, as well as distributing leaflets as a source of additional information. The results of the activity showed good participation from 32 participants. Active discussions showed participants' interest in understanding the topic of stunting. This community service also highlights the importance of maternal knowledge regarding stunting, considering that the risk of stunting increases in mothers with low knowledge. The implementation of the activity ended with an evaluation that showed satisfactory results. It is hoped that this community service can help increase public knowledge and awareness about stunting, as well as contribute to efforts to prevent stunting in Semarang City.

Scientific attitude is a very important attitude to be possessed by every student in following the learning process. Therefore, this study aims to examine the teaching method of the Lord Jesus as a strategy in shaping the scientific attitude of students. Through a qualitative approach with literature review techniques, the author examines in depth the method of teaching Jesus as a strategy in shaping the scientific attitudes of students. The results of this study found that to shape the scientific attitude of students, it is necessary to be guided by the teaching methods of the Lord Jesus, such as discovery and inquary methods, discussion methods, problem-based, and storytelling methods. Therefore, teachers of Christian religious education are required to always emulate the Lord Jesus and think creatively in shaping the scientific attitude of students in accordance with teaching conditions in the 21st century.

The level of awareness Indonesian society regarding mental health, especially among teenagers, is still minimal, therefore lecturer and students from Faculty of Communication Sciences, University of Indonesia Maju provide education regarding how to maintain mental health for students at SMA PGRI 3 Jakarta. Mental health is a form of true balance of mental functions and the creation of adjustment between humans, themselves and their surrounding environtment. The method used in this community service is the lecture and discussion method. The results of community service activities for educational participants regarding interpersonal communication approaches in maintaining the mental health of SMA PGRI 3 Jakarta students begin to open up and increase their knowledge regarding maintaining mental health. These result were obtained from the evaluation form filled in by participants and observations during the discussion process.

This research aims to determine the implications of collaborating group discussion methods with Problem Solving Learning in improving students' problem solving skills at SDN Pelita Jaya. This research uses qualitative research methods with a mini research approach to gain in-depth insight into interactions between students in structured learning. For three weeks, research was conducted at SDN Pelita Jaya involving sixth grade students. The group discussion method is used to facilitate student interaction in discussing Islamic ethical and moral values. Students are also given ethical situations or problems that require them to find solutions based on Islamic moral principles through the Problem Solving Learning approach. Qualitative data was collected through participant observation, interviews with students, and document analysis. The results of the analysis show a significant increase in students' ability to identify, analyze and overcome problems with a structured and directed approach. Apart from that, this collaborative learning method also strengthens student involvement in the learning process. This research provides in-depth insight into the positive potential of collaborative group discussion methods with Problem Solving Learning in improving students' problem solving skills. The results of these findings can provide a valuable contribution to the development of more effective learning strategies, especially in Islamic Religious Education subjects.