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Christian religious education teachers act as agents of social, spiritual, and cultural transformation by integrating Christian values ​​into the lives of communities that are still strongly bound to ancestral customs and beliefs. The transformation of customs through contextual evangelism is both a challenge and an opportunity for Christian religious education (PAK) teachers in carrying out their roles as educators and servants of God in a pluralistic society. This study aims to analyze the strategic steps of PAK teachers in integrating Gospel values ​​with local culture without eliminating the identity of the Christian faith or damaging the noble values ​​of customs. The research method used is a qualitative approach and literature study. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers need to have three main strategic steps, namely contextual understanding by studying in depth the values, symbols, and practices of local customs, a transformational approach, namely presenting Gospel values ​​through education that respects culture but leads to renewal of life and pedagogical implementation through creative and reflective learning methods that foster students' awareness of faith and social responsibility. With this strategy, Christian Religious Education teachers can become agents of transformation, bridging the gap between Christian faith and local culture, ensuring that evangelism is not confrontational but contextual, dialogical, and builds lives rooted in the love of Christ.

Amidst rising global pressure regarding sustainability and cross-border trade, customs agencies are no longer viewed merely as gatekeepers but as strategic actors in global environmental governance through the Green Customs Initiative (GCI). This research aims to uncover the evolutionary patterns of GCI research within the context of adaptive policy, map its intellectual structure, and identify future thematic directions. The methodology employs a bibliometric analysis of documents sourced from the Web of Science database, utilizing VOSviewer software to perform co-authorship, bibliographic coupling, and co-word analysis.The results demonstrate that the dominance of scientific actors in this field is determined more by the strength of collaboration networks than by the mere volume of publications. The findings identify that the primary intellectual foundations of GCI research rest upon the critical relationship between environmental regulation, international trade, market responses, and eco-innovation. Furthermore, country-level analysis highlights the central roles of China, the United States, and the United Kingdom in shaping the knowledge structure of this domain. Overall, these findings underscore that the GCI has evolved into a multidisciplinary field that requires an adaptive policy framework to respond to the dynamics of ecological risks and global trade demands through institutional flexibility and cross-actor collaboration. By integrating environmental protection into border management and risk assessment, this study provides a strategic reference for customs authorities to move toward a more responsive and knowledge-based green customs administration.

This research aims to analyze how gender and culture are represented in the Grade VIII Indonesian language textbook of the Merdeka Curriculum. The focus is on various aspects of gender representation, such as the depiction of characters, their roles, activities, attributes, social status, gender equality, and stereotypes related to gender. Additionally, the study explores cultural representation, which encompasses cultural forms, diversity, local traditions, context, ways of presentation, and the cultural values expressed in the textbook's texts and illustrations. The methodology employed is descriptive qualitative research with a content analysis framework. Data were gathered through documenting and note-taking methods on the content of the textbook, followed by an analysis process that includes identification, classification, interpretation, and drawing conclusions. Findings indicate that the gender representation in the textbook predominantly portrays men as leading figures in public roles, leadership, and decision-making, whereas women are mainly shown in nurturing, domestic, and supportive capacities. On the other hand, the cultural representation illustrates the variety of Indonesian culture by showcasing regional customs, languages, art forms, traditional cuisine, practices, and societal norms. The study concludes that although the textbook presents cultural diversity adequately, there is a need for improvement in gender representation balance to better reflect equality values in the educational experience.

This study aims to examine the traces of acculturation between Islam and local culture in Margorejo Village, Kerek District, Tuban Regency. The research is based on the understanding that the spread of Islam in Indonesia occurred peacefully, persuasively, and adaptively, allowing Islamic teachings to interact harmoniously with local traditions without eliminating existing cultural identities. This process produced forms of religious culture that combine Islamic values with local customs and continue to be preserved by the community. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews with religious leaders, community leaders, and local residents, as well as documentation of religious and social traditions. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that acculturation is reflected in the tradition of pilgrimage to the tomb of Sheikh Ahmad Subaqir or Mbah Mboja, who is regarded as an important figure in spreading Islam in the region. The pilgrimage serves not only as a spiritual activity but also as a means of strengthening social solidarity. Another form of acculturation appears in the “sedekah bumi” or “manganan” tradition, which expresses gratitude for agricultural harvests and community welfare. The study concludes that Islam and local culture in Margorejo coexist harmoniously and contribute to strengthening religiosity, social solidarity, and cultural preservation.

The provision of herbal-based complementary feeding (MP-ASI) has several positive impacts, including improving mothers’ understanding and skills in preparing complementary foods from local food ingredients in accordance with local customs and socio-cultural practices, thereby enabling mothers to independently continue providing local complementary feeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of training on the preparation of herbal-based complementary feeding for mothers of children under three years old on their knowledge and skills in preparing complementary feeding. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design and was conducted at Kanda Public Health Center. The population consisted of all mothers with children under three years old in the working area of Kanda Public Health Center, totaling 245 mothers. The sample size in this study was 35 respondents. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference in mothers’ knowledge before and after the training on complementary feeding preparation, with a significance value of 0.000.

Islamization in Sambas, West Kalimantan, represents a historical and evolving process influenced by trade routes, the political dynamics of local kingdoms, and the transmission of Islamic knowledge through networks of scholars and local intellectuals. This process extended beyond the mere dissemination of religious teachings, encompassing significant social, cultural, and educational transformations within the community. A central figure in this Islamization process was Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885–1976), the Maharaja Imam of the Sambas Sultanate, who played a pivotal role in reforming Islamic education and strengthening religious understanding among the local population. This article employs a historical-qualitative approach and library research to trace the trajectory of Islamization in Sambas while analyzing Basiuni Imran’s contributions within the socio-cultural context of the region. The findings reveal that Basiuni Imran’s thought reinforced Islamization through the modernization of Islamic education, the integration of Sharia with local customs, and the establishment of adaptive religious structures, thereby significantly shaping the religious life of the Sambas community from the colonial period to the early years of Indonesia’s independence.

The implementation of local democracy in Indonesia faces challenges when the electoral and procedural mechanisms regulated in modern village administration are not fully in line with the socio-cultural traditions of indigenous communities. Many villages still strongly uphold the values, norms, and authority of traditional institutions that have historically regulated communal life, including in terms of leadership legitimacy. Tension between formal democracy and customary values arises when the village political process is perceived as not reflecting the cultural identity of the community. This situation creates a need to understand how the integration of customary institutions can strengthen the legitimacy of village leaders in the local democratic system. This study uses a literature review method with a content analysis approach because the study focuses on the concept of the role of customary institutions in strengthening local democracy and the legitimacy of village leadership. This method allows researchers to explore theories and compare previous findings to form a systematic understanding. The research data comes from 19 secondary sources in the form of scientific books and journal articles published between 2016 and 2025 that are relevant to the themes of customs, village governance, community participation, and local leadership. The search was conducted using the Publish or Perish application with purposive sampling techniques to select sources directly related to the main research issue. This study concludes that the integration of traditional institutions into local democracy produces a model of village leadership that is legally strong and culturally rooted. This integration provides a basis for strengthening local democracy based on cultural wisdom, thereby supporting village development.

One of the long-standing marriage traditions in the Ende community is the ana ale marriage tradition. Ana ale marriage is a form of marriage based on an agreement between the parents of the man and woman, as well as a long-established good relationship between both parents. This research was conducted in Tiwu Tewa Village, Ende Timur District, Ende Regency. This research aims to understand the fundamental values contained in marriage as viewed from customary law, the process of implementation and its legitimacy, as well as the obstacles in the implementation of the ana ale marriage. The method used is empirical legal research with a qualitative approach, which includes interviews and literature study. The research results show that the fundamental values contained in the ana ale marriage, as viewed from customary law, consist of sacred and spiritual values, responsibility and commitment values, social and mutual assistance values, and adherence to customs. The process of implementing the ana ale marriage includes Ru’u Tu Jaga Rara, Janji, Puzi Ru’u, Teo Zambu, Bou Engga, Mai Tu Gega Padha, Tu Ngawi, Teke Ngara, Dari Nikah, Tu Ana. Meanwhile, the marriage is considered valid at the Tu Ana ceremony. The obstacles faced in the ana ale marriage include economic factors and the occurrence of clandestine marriages by the female party.

The circulation of illegal cigarettes in Kudus Regency remains a serious problem that is detrimental to the state and disrupts a healthy business competition climate. This study aims to analyze the forms and mechanisms of law enforcement by the Kudus Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office against these violations based on Law Number 39 of 2007 concerning Excise, and to identify inhibiting factors in its implementation. The research method used is an empirical juridical approach with a qualitative descriptive research type through interviews with officials of the Kudus Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office and a literature study of related documents and regulations. The circulation of illegal cigarettes is still found in various forms of violations, with plain cigarettes without excise stamps being the most frequently found type. The resulting impacts include reduced state revenue, disrupted competitiveness of the legal cigarette industry, and low levels of public legal compliance. In its implementation, the Kudus Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office faces obstacles in the form of limited personnel and facilities, difficulties in location searches, and low public legal awareness. This research is expected to contribute to increasing the effectiveness of law enforcement in the excise sector and support efforts to eradicate the circulation of illegal cigarettes in Indonesia

The increasing demands of global trade, the risk of transboundary diseases, and the stringency of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards require a more integrated, transparent, and risk-based national quarantine system. The partial readiness of digital systems and traceability mechanisms has the potential to weaken Indonesia’s food security and export competitiveness toward the vision of Golden Indonesia 2045. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the quarantine system in national development, identify institutional and technical root problems, and formulate the most concrete and feasible policy alternatives. The method used is policy analysis with a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach to compare several solution alternatives based on effectiveness, efficiency, technical aspects, and political feasibility. The results indicate that the digital transformation of the national quarantine system based on traceability and risk-based intelligence is the most superior policy option, as it can simultaneously address data fragmentation, improve service efficiency, and strengthen biosecurity surveillance. This study recommends the development of a Quarantine Super App, full implementation of e-certification, integration with the National Logistics Ecosystem and Customs, and the strengthening of an artificial intelligence-based risk profiling system. Gradual implementation accompanied by performance indicator-based evaluation is key to the success of the policy in enhancing national food security and export competitiveness.

This study examines the export barriers encountered by emerging small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia, with a focus on export documentation challenges, tariff constraints, and the adaptive marketing strategies employed to sustain international market engagement. Employing a qualitative case study approach, this research investigates PT Albarka International Group, a nascent export-import company established in 2021 and headquartered in Malang, East Java, which specializes in the export of natural commodities including Bakhur-related materials (opercula shells, damar resin, agarwood), spices, and other Indonesian products to Middle East markets including Yemen, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Libya, Sudan, and Djibouti. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key company personnel and supplemented by document analysis. Findings reveal three primary export barriers: (1) high shipping tariffs relative to regional competitors, frequently triggering order cancellations by importers; (2) complex and time-intensive export documentation requirements, particularly for regulated natural resource products subject to CITES compliance, fish quarantine certification (Health Certificate), and customs declaration (PEB); and (3) internal organizational constraints stemming from overlapping job roles. In response, PT Albarka has adopted adaptive strategies including Full Container Load (FCL) consolidation to reduce per-unit shipping costs, advance payment systems (TT in advance) to mitigate importer default risk, and collaborative consultation with customs and quarantine authorities. The study contributes to the SME internationalization literature by demonstrating how resource-constrained emerging exporters navigate institutional and logistical complexities in developing economy contexts, offering practical insights for SME practitioners and export policy stakeholders.

High-quality ship agency services are a key element in enhancing customer satisfaction and competitiveness within both national and international shipping sectors. This study aims to identify effective strategies for improving the quality of agency services at PT. Trans Shipping Agency Batam. The research methodology employed includes field research through direct observation and discussions, as well as library research using relevant books and journals as references. The findings indicate that PT. Trans Shipping Agency Batam has implemented strategies focused on service quality, managing ship owner expectations, and providing transparent evidence of service. Although operations are generally well-executed, certain obstacles persist, such as delays in the clearance in/out process caused by administrative complexity and inter-agency coordination. Recommended development strategies include enhancing human resource competencies, strengthening coordination among port authorities (Quarantine, Immigration, Customs, and Harbor Master), and optimizing information systems to monitor vessel schedules in real-time. More intensive coordination is expected to minimize operational constraints and drive service efficiency within the maritime industry.

This study explores the intersection of feminism and gender equality in Bali, analyzing how patriarchal norms, media portrayals, and religious customs marginalize Balinese women. Using Simone de Beauvoir’s concept of the “Other,” it examines why feminism faces resistance despite growing gender equality awareness. Through surveys and interviews with Balinese women aged 11–20, the findings reveal that many support gender equality but hesitate to identify as feminists due to cultural misconceptions and Western associations. The research highlights the need for educational initiatives and community discussions to integrate feminism into Balinese traditions, showing that culturally adapted advocacy is more effective than universalist approaches. It underscores the importance of feminist education, local leadership engagement, and promoting women’s roles within traditional structures, demonstrating that feminism and Balinese traditions can coexist without disrupting social harmony. Future research should explore generational shifts, digital media’s role in shaping perceptions, and comparative studies in other traditional societies to further bridge feminism and cultural values.

The background of this research aims to determine and analyze judges' perspectives on the application of customary law in resolving criminal cases at the Padangsidimpuan District Court. Customary law is an unwritten legal system that exists and develops within society and is often used as a consideration in deciding cases related to local values ​​and cultural wisdom. In the context of Padangsidimpuan society, which still strongly upholds customs and traditions, customary law often serves as a means of resolving social conflicts before they enter the formal legal realm. The research method used is empirical juridical, with data collection techniques through direct interviews with judges and document studies of several relevant court decisions. The results indicate that most judges at the Padangsidimpuan District Court view customary law as a complementary instrument to positive law, particularly in minor criminal cases with social and familial dimensions. Judges strive to consider customary values ​​to achieve substantive justice, without neglecting the principle of legality and statutory provisions. However, the application of customary law cannot replace positive law in its entirety; rather, it serves as a moral and social value that strengthens the community's sense of justice.

This study discusses the implementation of the CEISA 4.0 System (Customs Excise Information System and Automation) in managing Manifest Inward and Outward data at PT. Surya Samudera Indah under the supervision of the Batam Customs Office. The research is motivated by the need for efficiency and accuracy in customs processes in the era of digitalization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of CEISA 4.0 in supporting customs supervision and services, as well as to identify the challenges encountered during its implementation. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that the implementation of CEISA 4.0 has had a positive impact on the speed and accuracy of manifest data reporting, particularly in document validation and tracking processes. However, several technical barriers such as network disruptions and system errors, as well as non-technical obstacles including limited human resource competence and lack of coordination between the company and customs authorities, were identified. The implications of this research highlight the need for system optimization through technological infrastructure improvement and human resource capacity enhancement to ensure CEISA 4.0 functions more effectively in supporting the smooth flow of national and international logistics.  

This paper aims to find out the process of issuing permits for checking and unloading cargo outside the customs area at the customs and excise office, this application must have a permit that must be fulfilled to be managed by the agent, because the implementation of checking and unloading cargo outside the designated area without obtaining a permit can be subject to criminal sanctions as regulated in Article 102 letter (b) of Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning Customs Due to port congestion, ships can dock outside the customs area (out custom area) by fulfilling certain requirements and following the procedures set by the Customs and Excise authorities. in managing permits, agents often encounter obstacles or constraints when issuing permits that are detrimental to certain parties. Therefore, the responsible party of PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Belawan branch must coordinate and have accurate accuracy in the process of issuing this permit. The role of PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Belawan branch is very important for parties who participate in the process of managing permits outside this area. This permit is crucial to avoid criminal charges against those responsible for checking and unloading outside the customs area. It can be concluded that there are still obstacles or errors in data input that can cause delays in approval of permits for checking and unloading outside the customs area.

The BIMP-EAGA Vision 2035 (BEV 2035) marks a significant paradigm shift in border management in Southeast Asia, with a primary focus on integrating a more inclusive, open, harmonized, and resilient system. In this context, sea-based border crossing posts (PLBN) in Indonesia, such as the Sebatik PLBN, the Serasan PLBN, and the Miangas and Marore Border Crossing Stations (BCS), play a strategic role as maritime connectivity nodes connecting Indonesia with neighboring countries. The transformation of these PLBNs faces several challenges, particularly related to the disharmony of CIQS (Customs, Immigration, Quarantine, and Security) regulations between countries, technical obstacles related to non-conventional vessels (NCSS), and inadequate port infrastructure. To overcome these obstacles, strategic measures are needed, such as revising cross-border trade agreements, increasing quarantine capacity and facilities, and strengthening maritime logistics networks between countries. Furthermore, the development of a sustainable blue economy in border areas is crucial to ensure that the PLBN functions not only as an administrative checkpoint but also as a key facilitator in driving economic growth based on maritime resources. Within the framework of the BIMP-EAGA Vision 2035, the Integrated Maritime PLBN is expected to reduce dependence on informal trade and improve the quality of life of border communities by accelerating connectivity, developing the maritime economic sector, and opening international market access for local products. Thus, the PLBN must transform into a catalyst for inclusive and environmentally friendly economic development in Indonesia's border regions.

The Griya Kembang Putih (GKP) community faces a challenge in properly performing the shrouding procedure for corpses, as they lack the skills required to follow Islamic law. They have traditionally followed customs passed down by local community leaders without understanding their authenticity. To address this issue, a rukti (corpse care) service has been initiated, focusing on educating the GKP community about the correct shrouding process based on the Prophet's guidance. The service employs a combination of lectures and hands-on methods to deliver knowledge. The outcome of this service is that the community now understands the proper shrouding procedure, although ongoing learning is still needed. They are now equipped to differentiate between the traditional practices they once followed and the practices that align with Islamic teachings as conveyed by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The shrouding procedure is presented step by step, making it easier for the community to comprehend and apply the correct methods when handling a deceased individual. The procedure begins by setting up a table for the body, placing seven cloth ropes, and preparing three pieces of shroud for men and five pieces for women. The body is then placed on the shroud, which is folded from right to left and left to right, with ropes tied around each part of the covered body. As a result, the GKP community is now capable of independently performing shrouding procedures in line with Shari'a law, guided by the Prophet's teachings, rather than adhering to ancestral customs.

This study examines the contribution of excise revenue from alcoholic beverages to Indonesia’s state revenue during the period 2021–2023. Alcoholic beverages are classified as excisable goods due to their potential negative impacts on public health and social order, making excise duty an important fiscal instrument for both revenue generation and consumption control. The objective of this research is to analyze the trend and magnitude of excise revenue from alcoholic beverages and its role in supporting national income. This study employs a quantitative descriptive method using secondary data obtained from official government publications, including reports from the Ministry of Finance and the Directorate General of Customs and Excise. The data are analyzed by comparing annual excise revenue figures and identifying their contribution to total excise and state revenue over the observed period. The findings indicate that excise revenue from alcoholic beverages showed a fluctuating but generally increasing trend from 2021 to 2023, reflecting post-pandemic economic recovery and adjustments in excise tariff policies. Despite its relatively smaller share compared to tobacco excise, alcoholic beverage excise consistently contributed to state revenue and demonstrated fiscal potential. The study implies that effective excise policy on alcoholic beverages can support state revenue while simultaneously serving as a regulatory tool to control consumption and mitigate social and health risks.

This study discusses the practice and meaning of Sholawat Amrik as a living tradition that develops in the Ahlus Shafa wal Wafa Islamic Boarding School, Sidoarjo, East Java. Sholawat Amrik is not only practiced in a series of formal ritual worship, but also is present continuously in the daily lives of students and worshippers, such as before meals, after prayers, in routine recitations, and various other collective spiritual activities. This shows that prayer is understood not just as a verbal reading, but as a religious practice that is alive and integrated with the daily pattern of Islamic boarding schools. This study aims to analyze the role of Sholawat Amrik in the process of internalizing religious values, strengthening spirituality, forming religious habits, and strengthening social relations in the pesantren community. The research approach used is qualitative with phenomenological methods, through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out by linking the findings to Glock and Stark's theory of religiosity, Charles Duhigg's theory of habit formation, and the concept of tazkiyatun nafs in the Sufism tradition of Imam al-Ghazali. The results of the study show that Sholawat Amrik has theological-spiritual, psychological, and social dimensions that contribute to purification of the soul, inner peace, and community solidarity. This practice forms a sustainable religious habit through a cue–routine–reward pattern, so that it becomes an integral part of the lifestyle of students and can be understood as a sufistic heritage that remains relevant in the modern era.