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The rapid development of information technology has brought significant changes, particularly in the area of cybercrime, such as electronic document forgery. This research explores the role of digital forensics and information technology in proving electronic document forgery crimes in Indonesia, using a normative legal research approach. The study employs both a statute approach and a conceptual approach to analyze the effectiveness of digital forensics in uncovering electronic crimes. The findings show that while digital forensics plays a crucial role in investigating electronic document forgery, there are several complex challenges in its implementation. One of the major obstacles is the limited number of certified digital forensic experts in Indonesia, with only 147 professionals qualified in this field. Additionally, the existing legal regulations have not kept pace with the rapid advancements in digital technology, which poses significant challenges to enforcement efforts. The study identifies various technical barriers, such as the complexity of forensic technologies, the volatile nature of digital evidence, and the ever-evolving techniques used by cybercriminals. These factors complicate the process of proving electronic crimes and pose difficulties for investigators. In response to these challenges, the research recommends strategic measures such as strengthening the capacity of forensic laboratories, harmonizing legal regulations with technological advancements, and improving the competency of human resources in both technological and legal fields. The study contributes to the development of a conceptual framework for cyber law enforcement, providing a comprehensive perspective on the challenges faced in proving electronic crimes in the digital age. The research aims to inform policymakers in crafting more effective and adaptive law enforcement strategies.

One of the development efforts within the national development framework, the government/government agencies/institutions at every level carry out development authority for the Public Interest. Based on the concept of the State's Right to Control, the Government, on behalf of the Land State, has the absolute right to regulate, determine and determine land rights for the sake of realizing the welfare of the people. On the other hand, the government has an interest in acquiring land for the public interest. In this research, a juridical study was carried out on what is the state's right to control land in land acquisition for public purposes? And what is the government's authority to acquire land for public purposes? The aim of this research is to determine the state's right to control land for the public interest and to find out what the government's authority is in acquiring land for the public interest. The method used in this research is the Normative Juridical method, namely comprehensively reviewing the legal aspects of statutory provisions related to the settlement of compensation for land acquisition for the public interest. In this research, it was found that the State is only limited to regulating, determining and determining the allocation of land rights, and in procuring land for the public interest, the government or agencies using land as development objects are obliged to provide compensation in accordance with the value determined by the assessment team.

This research explores the factors influencing the adoption of Islamic digital banking among millennials in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review, the study analyzes existing research on Islamic digital banking adoption, focusing on academic journals, conference proceedings, and industry reports. The findings reveal that perceived ease of use and usefulness of digital banking services are crucial. Additionally, social influences, such as peer and family recommendations, and personal factors, including demographics and cultural background, significantly impact adoption rates. This research provides valuable insights for Islamic banks in Indonesia to develop targeted strategies for millennial engagement. By understanding these influencing factors, Islamic banks can tailor digital banking services to meet the specific needs and preferences of this demographic, thereby enhancing market penetration and fostering growth within the evolving digital banking landscape.

Climate-induced migration is becoming an increasingly significant global issue, driven by environmental changes such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and resource scarcity. Despite its growing importance, current legal frameworks inadequately address the protection of climate migrants, leaving them vulnerable and without clear legal rights. This research aims to propose an integrated social-environmental justice framework to address the legal accountability for climate-induced migration, focusing on the recognition of migrant rights, state responsibilities, and environmental protection. The study uses a comparative legal analysis to examine legal systems across various countries and incorporates field data from climate-vulnerable coastal communities through interviews, surveys, and legal case reviews. The research finds that the proposed framework enhances migrant recognition and clarifies state responsibilities in 70% of reviewed legal cases, offering a more comprehensive solution compared to traditional environmental and human rights approaches. The framework's integration of legal, social, and environmental elements provides a holistic response to climate migration, emphasizing equity and sustainability. However, challenges such as political resistance, fragmented governance, and limited funding hinder full implementation. The study concludes by recommending that governments and international bodies adopt this framework and strengthen their commitment to legal protections and climate adaptation strategies for displaced populations. Further research should focus on refining legal frameworks, addressing implementation barriers, and expanding the scope of social-environmental justice to better support climate migrants.

This study explores the model of work stress and its impact on productivity through a comprehensive systematic literature review approach. The objectives of the study are to analyze the complex dynamics of work stress, identify determinants, and explore effective intervention mechanisms to mitigate its negative impacts. The research methodology uses a qualitative approach with meta-synthesis techniques, conducting an in-depth analysis of ten leading scientific journals published between 2020-2024. The results of the study revealed that work stress is a multidimensional construct influenced by individual, organizational, and contextual factors, with key variables including workload, social support, organizational climate, and demographic characteristics. The findings indicate that work stress significantly affects psychological well-being and productivity, with different impacts based on gender, type of work, and organizational context. This study concludes the need for an integrative and proactive approach to work stress management, which does not only focus on individual interventions, but also transforms organizational structures and cultures.  

Microteaching is a simulation or training for prospective teachers to explore the ability of skills in teaching that combines the components of learning. The purpose of this study was to analyse the implementation of microteaching learning in terms of the use of various biology learning media with a touch of technology. The method used is descriptive quantitative with observation sheets and interviews. This research uses a squential explanatory design that combines quantitative and qualitative methods sequentially the first stage of collecting and analysing quantitative data followed by collecting and analysing qualitative data to help explain quantitative results. The results of the study regarding the pattern of using technology-based learning media showed that PowerPoint 92% and learning videos 78% were the most widely used media in microteaching practice. While the level of effectiveness of the media used varies. The 4.6% digital microscope showed a high level of effectiveness even though the frequency of use was still low. This indicates that high technology-based learning media has considerable potential in improving the quality of learning. Furthermore, the analysis of students' digital competence shows that 70% of students have good to very good mastery of technology. Furthermore, creativity in media development shows an even distribution while time management is still a challenge for 35% of students at a sufficient or insufficient level. The use of technology-based learning media in micro teaching has considerable potential, but still faces several challenges. A systematic and comprehensive approach is needed to optimise the use of technology in developing the teaching competence of prospective biology teachers.

This article discusses the critical importance of employee development as a strategic approach to enhance organizational performance. In an increasingly competitive business environment, organizations must prioritize the growth and development of their workforce to maintain a competitive edge. By identifying specific training and development needs, organizations can create tailored programs that effectively improve employees' skills, knowledge, and competencies. This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing case studies from several companies in Indonesia to explore various employee development initiatives and their impact on organizational outcomes. The findings indicate that investing in employee development not only enhances individual performance but also contributes significantly to the overall achievement of organizational goals. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of leadership, mentoring, and the integration of technology in facilitating effective employee development strategies. Ultimately, this research underscores the necessity for organizations to adopt comprehensive employee development practices to foster a culture of continuous improvement and engagement.

In today’s date Artificial intelligence (AI) has substantially transformed marketing strategies and specifically Viral Marketing by enhancing the content personalization, targeting the audience and real time campaign optimization. The study explored the Artificial Intelligence impact on Viral marketing with a comprehensive review of 20 literatures that highlights the diverse applications of AI such as predictive analytics, natural language processing (NLP) and AI-driven visual content creation. This study employed meta analysis approach to evaluate how effectively AI could boost marketing reach, engagement and return on investment (ROI). The finding of the study indicates a positive correlation between the efficiency of Viral Marketing campaigns and the integration of AI, despite the fact highlighting ethical and transparency. The study concludes with practical suggestions for using AI in Viral marketing in a responsible and efficient manner to enhance its potential while mitigating related dangers. This study also highlights AI’s revolutionary role in changing market dynamics.

Digitalization has become a transformative force reshaping how organizations innovate and sustain competitive advantages in an interconnected global economy. This study explores the intricate relationship between business digitalization, innovation capabilities, and sustainability outcomes. Employing a comprehensive literature review, it examines how digital transformation fosters innovative practices and supports sustainable business models. Key findings reveal that integrating digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and blockchain, significantly enhances innovation capacity by accelerating product development cycles, improving decision-making precision, and fostering collaborative innovation ecosystems. Moreover, digitalization optimizes resource utilization, minimizes environmental impact, and strengthens stakeholder engagement, contributing to measurable economic, environmental, and social sustainability outcomes. The synergy between digital transformation and sustainability initiatives provides organizations with strategic advantages, including improved operational efficiency, customer loyalty, and competitive positioning. However, challenges such as implementation barriers, balancing digital-sustainable priorities, and managing unintended environmental impacts persist. Future research should focus on empirical validation, industry-specific applications, and longitudinal studies to further elucidate the pathways through which digitalization supports sustainable innovation and long-term business resilience. This study underscores the imperative for organizations to strategically align digital transformation with sustainability objectives, ensuring their future success in a rapidly evolving business environment.

This study aims to examine the development of clean water infrastructure in Dumai City to fulfill the community's clean water requirements. The clean water infrastructure possessed by the City of Dumai has failed to satisfy the comprehensive needs of the population. Consequently, the government addresses this issue by developing air infrastructure and implementing additional measures to resolve it. This scientific endeavor employs a descriptive qualitative method and the researcher’s observation. The study's findings reveal that PDAM Tirta Dumai Bersemai in Dumai City has failed to satisfy the water requirements of its residents. Consequently, development is requisite via multiple initiatives, including the establishment of a Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM) through Public Private Partnership (PPP), the National Urban Water Supply Project (NUSWP), and Regional SPAM Development via DUROLIS Regional SPAM (Dumai - Rokan Hilir – Bengkalis).

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of Batam’s regional investment policies, focusing on their effectiveness in fostering sustainable economic growth. Batam, one of Indonesia's fastest-growing cities, has experienced significant industrial development, making investment policies a crucial factor in ensuring continued economic progress. The research examines key aspects of these policies, including efforts to reduce bureaucracy in investment processes, create incentives that align with regional development goals, and enhance the monitoring of investment activities. By analyzing the current policies through a comprehensive evaluation framework, this study identifies challenges such as institutional dualism, legal uncertainties, and slow investment growth, which hinder the city's economic development. Additionally, it explores solutions for optimizing these policies to improve their efficiency, thereby contributing to sustainable growth and greater competitiveness for Batam. The findings of this study provide critical insights for policymakers seeking to enhance Batam's investment climate and overall economic performance.

The implementation of digital technology in the judiciary system has become a cornerstone of public service improvement. This study examines the effectiveness of the E-Court application in optimizing public service quality at the Class 1A District Court of Batam City. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing data gathered through interviews, observations, and document analysis. Findings indicate that the E-Court application significantly enhances the accessibility, efficiency, and transparency of court services by reducing processing times, minimizing manual paperwork, and fostering accountability. However, challenges such as technical limitations, digital literacy gaps, and resource constraints impede its full potential. Recommendations include infrastructure enhancement, comprehensive user training, and policy support to maximize the benefits of digital integration in public service delivery. This study contributes to understanding the transformative role of technology in judicial administration and its impact on public satisfaction.

This study examines the effectiveness of e-government implementation in improving public service quality in Makassar City Government. The rapid development of information technology has prompted local governments to adopt e-government systems, yet their effectiveness in enhancing public service delivery requires comprehensive evaluation. This research employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection through interviews with government officials, surveys of 200 citizens, and direct observation of e-government services. The findings reveal that Makassar's e-government initiatives have significantly improved service delivery efficiency, with 75% of users reporting increased satisfaction in public services. However, challenges persist, including digital literacy gaps among citizens and occasional technical infrastructure issues. The study identifies key success factors such as strong leadership commitment, adequate IT infrastructure, and regular system updates. These findings contribute to the growing knowledge on e-government implementation in developing regions and provide practical recommendations for local governments seeking to enhance their digital service delivery systems.

The notary profession in Indonesia is experiencing a critical transformation driven by technological advancements, changing legal landscapes, and the imperative of modernization. This research comprehensively examines the current regulatory framework governing notaries, analyzing the multifaceted challenges and potential opportunities for substantive reform in the contemporary legal ecosystem.The study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating qualitative legal analysis, comparative research, and empirical investigation to provide a holistic understanding of the notary profession's evolving role. Through in-depth examination of existing regulations, stakeholder interviews, and comparative international perspectives, the research identifies key systemic barriers and innovative pathways for professional development.Critical findings reveal significant challenges, including technological adaptation gaps, regulatory inflexibility, and inconsistent professional standards. The research highlights the urgent need for a dynamic regulatory approach that balances traditional legal principles with emerging digital authentication technologies. Key opportunities emerge in areas such as blockchain-based document verification, comprehensive digital skills training, and adaptive professional development frameworks.The study proposes a comprehensive reformation strategy encompassing technological infrastructure development, professional skills enhancement, and regulatory modernization. Recommendations include establishing dedicated innovation units, implementing mandatory technology training programs, and creating flexible regulatory mechanisms that can rapidly respond to technological and professional landscape changes. By providing a nuanced analysis of the notary profession's current state and future potential, this research contributes critical insights to the discourse on legal professional modernization in Indonesia. The findings underscore the essential role of strategic, forward-looking reforms in ensuring the continued relevance, effectiveness, and integrity of notarial services in the digital era.

The use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in higher education in Indonesia offers great opportunities, but faces significant challenges related to copyright. The technology is capable of generating new content that supports more adaptive learning, but raises questions regarding the ownership of intellectual works, especially in the context of “fair use” and copyright protection. This research aims to examine the legal challenges in the integration of GenAI in Indonesian higher education learning as well as opportunities for its development. The method used is juridical-normative research, by analyzing secondary data from relevant regulations, books, and journals. The results show that the lack of clarity in copyright regulations in Indonesia can hinder the optimal utilization of GenAI. Nevertheless, this technology offers significant potential to improve the personalization of learning and the quality of higher education in Indonesia, provided that comprehensive and specific regulations are developed soon.

Higher education institutions play a critical role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by integrating global citizenship into the curriculum. This study examines the implementation of SDG-focused education, highlighting strategies for embedding global citizenship principles in higher education programs. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through literature analysis and case studies from various universities. The findings indicate that interdisciplinary collaboration, experiential learning, and digital technology integration enhance students' awareness and engagement with global challenges. The study underscores the importance of institutional policies and educator training in fostering SDG-oriented education. These insights contribute to the development of comprehensive frameworks for embedding global citizenship in higher education curricula, promoting responsible and ethical leadership for sustainable development.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of AI-powered tutoring systems in enhancing personalized English language learning among students in Colleges of Education in Lagos State, Nigeria. The primary objectives include assessing the impact of these systems on students' English proficiency and evaluating their perceptions of usability and effectiveness. Guided by four research questions, the study aims to provide insights into the integration of AI in educational contexts. Employing a survey research design, the study targeted a population of approximately 50,000 final-year students across several Colleges of Education. A sample of 400 students was selected using a combination of convenience and stratified random sampling techniques, ensuring representation from two institutions: the Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka (FCET) and the Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education (AOCOED). A structured questionnaire with 30 items was developed and validated, achieving a reliability coefficient of 0.81. Data collection methods included both in-person and online approaches, yielding a response rate of 74.5% (298 completed questionnaires). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test for hypothesis testing. The findings revealed a significant difference in English language proficiency between students using AI tutoring systems and those using traditional methods, with the AI group reporting better outcomes. Additionally, students expressed mixed perceptions regarding the usability of AI systems. Major recommendations include enhancing AI system functionalities, providing comprehensive training for users, and addressing technological barriers to ensure effective implementation. This study underscores the potential of AI in education while highlighting the need for ongoing improvements and support mechanisms.

The high birth rate in Indonesia is one of the major problems and requires special attention in handling it. One form of special attention from the government in overcoming the high birth rate is implementing comprehensive family planning. The national family planning movement is prepared to build optimal human resources, characterized by increasing community participation in meeting the needs to be able to build prosperous families in the context of family planning services. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between family support and the participation of Women of Childbearing Age in the Family Planning Program at the Aramo Health Center, Aramo District, South Nias in 2023. The results of the cross-tabulation study showed a relationship between family support and the participation of women of childbearing age in the family planning program at the Aroma Health Center, South Nias in 2023 with a P value of 0.000 (P value <0.005), so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Suggestions for midwifery services to provide education to increase family support with the participation of women of childbearing age.

This systematic review examines the effectiveness of antenatal classes in improving pregnant women's attitudes towards stunting prevention. The review analyzed 28 studies published between 2018 and 2023, focusing on developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia. The methodology followed PRISMA guidelines, utilizing multiple academic databases. The analysis revealed that structured antenatal classes significantly improved maternal knowledge about stunting (68% increase in knowledge scores) and led to positive behavioral changes in nutritional practices. Regular attendance at comprehensive antenatal classes was associated with better pregnancy outcomes, with participants showing 75% higher rates of implementing recommended nutritional guidelines. Key success factors included regular class frequency, interactive teaching methods, cultural sensitivity, and strong community support. However, significant challenges were identified, including resource limitations, access barriers, and cultural resistance. The review highlighted successful adaptations such as hybrid learning models and community-based approaches. Recommendations include strengthening program design through evidence-based approaches, enhancing community engagement, developing sustainable funding mechanisms, and implementing robust monitoring systems. This review underscores the vital role of antenatal classes in stunting prevention while emphasizing the need for continued research to address existing challenges and enhance program effectiveness across diverse settings.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning is not only aimed at improving students' knowledge, but also forming Islamic attitudes and behaviors according to religious values. This study aims to develop authentic assessments integrated into cooperative learning models in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects in Elementary Schools by focusing on the material of Surah Al Alaq. Authentic assessments are used to assess students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects more comprehensively in a real-world context. This assessment is designed to improve students' understanding of Surah Al Alaq, which includes the content, values ​​of faith and knowledge, and the spirit of learning as contained in Surah Al Alaq. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. The results of the study indicate that the use of authentic assessments in cooperative learning increases student participation, understanding of Islamic values, and cooperation skills. This study provides recommendations for educators to implement authentic assessment as an integral part of cooperative learning, especially in Al-Quran materials such as Surah Al-Alaq to create more meaningful learning in Islamic Religious Education subjects