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This study aims to analyze in depth the effectiveness of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and ethnomathematics in improving students’ mathematical abilities through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. This study is motivated by the low level of students’ conceptual understanding, mathematical literacy, and mathematical communication skills, which are still dominated by conventional teaching approaches. Data were collected from ten research articles relevant to the topics of RME and ethnomathematics. The analyzed articles employed various research methods, including experimental research, classroom action research, and research and development (R&D). The results of the review indicate that the implementation of RME is consistently effective in enhancing students’ mathematical abilities, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, mathematical communication, and mathematical literacy. The RME approach, which is based on real-life contexts, helps students understand mathematical concepts more deeply and meaningfully. In addition, the integration of culture through ethnomathematics strengthens the effectiveness of learning by providing contexts that are closely related to students’ daily lives, thereby increasing motivation, engagement, and active participation in the learning process.Furthermore, the findings reveal that the success of culture-based RME is influenced by instructional design, the selection of appropriate contexts, and the teacher’s role in managing the learning process. Therefore, culture-based RME can be considered an effective and relevant approach to improving the quality of mathematics education.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the question-and-answer method in mathematics learning. The research method employed is a literature review using a descriptive qualitative approach. Findings from several relevant studies indicate that the question-and-answer method enhances students' learning outcomes, fosters active participation, and strengthens critical thinking and communication skills. Variations in its implementation, such as multi-directional questioning, chain questioning, and experiment-based questioning, enrich classroom interaction and help students grasp abstract mathematical concepts. Furthermore, the method promotes an interactive learning environment where students are encouraged to think critically, reflect on their understanding, and actively engage with their peers. The collaborative nature of the question-and-answer technique supports the development of social skills, making it an effective tool for both cognitive and social learning. Therefore, the question-and-answer method can be considered an effective instructional strategy to improve the quality of mathematics learning, particularly in enhancing problem-solving abilities, fostering a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts, and improving student-teacher interactions.

This study aims to improve the mathematics achievement of third-grade elementary school students through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model within the framework of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The research was conducted at UPT SD Negeri Kutorejo 1 Tuban and involved 27 students over two instructional meetings. The study was carried out in two cycles, each comprising the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques included learning outcome tests, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The findings indicate a notable improvement in students’ average mathematics scores, increasing from 79.47 in the first cycle to 83.91 in the second cycle. This improvement reflects the positive impact of the PBL model on students' conceptual understanding, problem-solving abilities, and active participation during the learning process. Throughout the intervention, students demonstrated increased engagement in group discussions, greater confidence in expressing ideas, and enhanced independence in addressing given problems. The PBL model proved effective in fostering active, collaborative, and meaningful learning. By presenting real-world contextual problems, the model not only enhanced students’ academic performance but also promoted the development of critical thinking, communication, and social skills. These outcomes align with 21st-century educational goals, which emphasize the cultivation of higher-order thinking skills. Theoretically, this study reinforces the effectiveness of PBL as an innovative pedagogical approach for mathematics instruction at the elementary level. It is recommended that educators systematically and consistently implement the PBL model in classroom practice. Future research is encouraged to explore the interaction between individual student characteristics and instructional models, in order to further optimize learning outcomes across various subject areas.

This study aims to describe the mathematical literacy skills of vocational high school students in solving statistics problems with the help of Microsoft Excel based on digital literacy levels, which are grouped into high, medium, and low. The background of this study is based on the importance of mathematical literacy in dealing with everyday problems and the demands of the world of work, as well as the increasing need for digital literacy mastery in the information technology era. Both are essential competencies that support each other, especially in technology-based mathematics learning. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative with a purposive sampling technique, where the selection of subjects is based on the results of the digital literacy questionnaire, equivalence of mathematics scores, and adequate communication skills to support the interview process. The research instruments include a digital literacy questionnaire, a mathematical literacy test in the form of descriptive questions completed using Microsoft Excel, and interview guidelines that have been validated by experts. The data collection procedure was carried out through tests and in-depth interviews, while data analysis included the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate differences in students' mathematical literacy skills based on their digital literacy levels. Students with high digital literacy are able to master mathematical literacy indicators well, including communication, mathematization, problem-solving strategies, and reasoning and argumentation. They can optimally utilize Microsoft Excel features to present data, perform calculations, and draw logical conclusions. Students with moderate digital literacy demonstrate fairly good mastery, but still experience difficulties in aspects of problem-solving strategies and in-depth reasoning. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that digital literacy plays a crucial role in supporting students' mathematical literacy abilities.  

The lack of interest of young children in learning numbers is a common challenge in kindergarten learning activities. Children tend to be passive during the mathematics learning process because the approach used is not appropriate to their age developmental characteristics, which prefer play, movement, and direct interaction with concrete media. To address this problem, the Community Service Program (KKN) at At-Tien Kindergarten, Sumber Gayam, focused on learning innovation by designing a simple media called the Mathematics Ferris Wheel. This media was designed by combining elements of play and motor activity, making it more engaging for children. The research in this community service activity used a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, which actively involved teachers and students in the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The media was implemented by children turning the Ferris wheel in turns, then calling out the number indicated along with the numbers before and after. Through this activity, children not only learned to recognize number sequences but also practiced concentration, courage, and communication skills. The implementation results showed that the use of the Mathematics Ferris Wheel was able to significantly improve the understanding of number concepts in early childhood. Furthermore, children's active involvement in learning also increased, demonstrated by their enthusiasm in participating in the game from start to finish. Teachers found this media to be highly beneficial because it is easy to use, flexible, and adaptable to teach other topics such as colors, shapes, and letters. Thus, this KKN activity demonstrates that innovative, participatory learning media can create a fun, contextual, and effective learning environment. Such efforts are a practical solution to improving the quality of learning in early childhood education

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of various innovative learning models on improving student learning outcomes and mathematical skills at the junior high school and senior high school levels. The method used is a literarure study of previous research results that applied learning models such as the Flipped Classroom, Project-Based Learning (PjBL), Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL), Discovery Learning, Mind Mapping, and other cooperative learning models. The analysis results indicate that these models generally have a positive impact on enhancing students' learning engagement, critical and creative thinking skills, numeracy skills, mathematical communication, and problem-solving abilities. These findings reinforce the urgency of adopting student-centred learning approaches based on higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Therefore, it is recommended that teachers continue to develop the application of innovative learning models in accordance with the characteristics of students and supported by educational policies that encourage innovation and continuous training. This research is expected to serve as a reference for educators and policymakers in designing more effective and meaningful learning.   

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has opened up great opportunities in increasing the effectiveness of mathematics learning, especially in supporting students' computational thinking skills. This article presents a mini-literature review related to the use of Tibi's Mathematics Suite (TMS) as interactive software in mathematics learning. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and desk research method, this study analyzes various scientific sources to evaluate the contribution of TMS to the development of computational thinking, which includes decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithms. The results of the study show that TMS is able to increase students' interest in learning, independence, and metacognitive awareness, although its implementation still faces challenges such as limited infrastructure and teacher training. This review recommends the need for further empirical studies and education policy support so that the integration of TMS can be more optimal in the context of the Independent Curriculum and the strengthening of the Pancasila Student Profile.

The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on students' problem solving and mathematical communication skills, describe the effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on problem solving skills, and describe the effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on students' mathematical communication skills. This type of research is Quasi Experimental using Nonequivalent Control Group Design. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Malinau, North Kalimantan City with 60 students from two 9th grade classes. The instruments used in this study were descriptive test questions of problem solving ability, mathematical communication and observation sheets for the implementation of Outdoor Learning Math learning activities using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces. The results showed that there was an effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on students' problem solving and mathematical communication skills together, there was no effect of Outdoor Learning Math using mobile technology-assisted math traces on problem solving skills, and there was no effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on mathematical communication skills. Therefore, for future researchers to expand the scope of materials such as geometry, statistics and probability, algebra, arithmetic and add student motivation variables.

This study aims to analyze the effect of integrating the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) approach in science education on students' creativity and problem-solving abilities at SMPN 1 Cigombong. The STEM approach was implemented to provide an integrated learning experience, allowing students to connect science concepts with technology, engineering, and mathematics. The research method used is classroom action research (CAR), conducted in two cycles, with observation, tests, and interviews as instruments for data collection. The results showed that the implementation of the STEM approach improved students' creativity and problem-solving skills, as well as facilitated students in applying science concepts in daily life. Furthermore, students also demonstrated an increase in collaboration and communication skills. These findings contribute to the development of more relevant learning methods that meet the demands of 21st-century education in secondary schools.

This research aims to increase interest in learning and critical thinking of class The background to this research is because students' low interest in learning, especially in learning mathematics. In the learning process, a student's interest in learning plays an important role in the teaching and learning process, because if students have low interest in learning, it will be difficult for them to receive knowledge from the teacher, so that learning outcomes will be less effective. This research uses the Classroom Action research method (PTK) which consists of two cycles. The techniques used for data collection are: planning, implementing actions, observing and evaluating and reflecting. Before that, initial observations were carried out in order to find out information or characteristics of students. The results of the research show that the PBL type cooperative learning model was applied to matrix material for class XI students at SMA Negeri 21 Surabaya. This can be seen from the increase in implementation results, observation and reflection.  Students' learning activities experienced a significant increase in cycle two compared to cycle one. By learning using the PBL method, it is possible for students to more easily understand the material because it relates to problems around them and with discussions students can work together and help each other if they experience problems. Apart from that, this method can also help develop their critical thinking and communication skills.  

This study aimed to enhance the mathematics learning interest of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 21 Surabaya through the implementation of peer tutoring with a Problem-Based Learning model in statistics. The background of this research is the low learning interest of students, particularly in mathematics. This study employs a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, consisting of two cycles. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and tests. The results of the study showed that the application of peer tutoring in the Problem-Based Learning model can improve the learning interest and critical thinking skills of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 21 Surabaya in statistics. This can be seen from the improvement in observation results, interviews, and test scores. Students' learning activities and critical thinking skills increased with a higher average percentage in the second cycle compared to the first cycle. The peer tutoring method with the Problem-Based Learning model enables students to learn from and help each other, thus increasing their motivation and engagement in learning. Additionally, this method helps students develop their interpersonal and communication skills.

This study aims to explore the application of GeoGebra software in improving students' mathematical communication skills. GeoGebra, as a visualization and interactive tool, is considered to be able to help students understand mathematical concepts more deeply and effectively. This literature study collects and analyzes various studies that have been conducted on the use of GeoGebra at various levels of education, from elementary school to college. The results of the study show that the use of GeoGebra can improve students' mathematical communication skills, both in written and oral form. Students who use GeoGebra tend to have an easier time describing and explaining mathematical concepts, as well as being more actively involved in discussions and problem-solving. In addition, GeoGebra also helps to increase students' motivation to learn and provide a more enjoyable and meaningful learning experience. The conclusion of this study shows that GeoGebra is an effective tool to be used in mathematics learning to improve students' mathematical communication skills.

Currently, education is a serious problem, where many factors influence the development of education. One of them is in the current era of digitalization of education, where some teachers still experience limitations in the use of technology, requiring them to rely on conventional pedagogical and professional skills. This study aims to analyze the professional competence of mathematics teachers in implementing meaningful learning without the support of digital technology in junior high schools. This study uses a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive research type. Data collection techniques include interviews and observations. The results of the study show that teachers who have strong professional competence, especially in mastering the material, contextual learning strategies, and building good interactions with students, are able to create meaningful learning even without using technology. Real project-based learning, the use of simple teaching aids, and interactive communication are the keys to the success of a teacher. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening teacher core competencies in presenting relevant mathematics learning that is free from technological limitations.

This program aims to reduce the percentage of school dropouts in border islands. Through this program, researchers created an educational environment by involving students of the Study Program Student Association (HMPS). This program was held every Saturday in Wakarleli, Maluku Barat Daya, during October 2023 - November 2023 involving around 20 children in various age categories and around 5-10 students at each meeting. The method used in this activity is descriptive method. The activities supporting the program are educational games which are implemented at the beginning and at the end of the meeting, the introduction of letters and numbers, and counting activities. The results of evaluations and interviews show that this program can increase children's confidence levels, train their communication skills, patience, tolerance, and helping attitudes between children. In addition to the great benefits for the children, this program also provides huge benefits for the students and lecturers involved. For students, this program is considered to increase their creativity in making learning media. Where this skill is a much needed skill, especially for students of the Mathematics Education and PGSD Study Programs. In addition, for students of the Law Study Program, this activity can also foster sensitivity in society and improve their communication skills which are also needed in their future profession. In general, in this program students are trained to work together, socialize and build their confidence to be in public.

The research was conducted to determine students' mathematical communication skills and their influence on mathematics education, consisting of 3 questions about number patterns. The instrument has gone through question validation, then given to class VIII students at one of the Pekanbaru MTS with procedures including: 1). Planning, 2). Implement, and 3). Assessing Results. The subjects in this research were 14 eighth grade students from the MTS Pekanbaru school. The approach to this research is descriptive and quantitative, and uses data collection techniques such as observation, data collected from test instruments, and errors in completion. The student's communication skills are in the "medium" category as shown by the research results.

This study aims to analyze students' mathematical connections through the application of the Think Talk Write (TTW) learning style and collaboration in the context of mathematics learning. The Think Talk Write (TTW) method emphasizes developing critical thinking, communication and writing skills in understanding mathematical concepts. Collaboration between students is also integrated to strengthen mathematical understanding through discussion and joint problem solving. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies as the analytical framework. Data was collected through classroom observations, interviews with students, and analysis of students' writing. Research findings show that implementing the Think Talk Write (TTW) method with collaboration can improve students' mathematical connections, strengthen conceptual understanding, and improve communication and mathematical problem solving skills. Pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed to promote more effective and inclusive mathematics learning practices.

The objective of this research is to investigate the potential impact of implementing the TPS cooperative learning model on enhancing the self-confidence and mathematics communication abilities of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan. The specific focus will be on the Set content. This study used a class action research design, consisting of two distinct cycles. Each iteration comprises two meetings. The participants in this research consisted of 28 students from class VII-8 of SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan. The primary focus of this study is to enhance students' self-confidence and mathematical communication abilities by using the TPS cooperative learning model on Set material at SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan during the academic year 2022/2023. Based on the findings derived from the analysis of the data, it was observed that the mean score for students' initial self-confidence was 53.61. Additionally, the mean test score for students' initial communication skills was found to be 44.92. Among the participants, a total of 3 students (13.04%) demonstrated mastery in this area, while the remaining 20 students (86.95%) had not yet achieved mastery. The learning process in cycle I was conducted using the TPS model. As a result, the average score of student confidence increased to 62.14, while the average score of the mathematical communication ability test increased to 55.80. Out of the total number of students, 8 students (34.78%) reached the completion criteria, while 15 students (65.21%) did not reach the completion criteria. In the second cycle, there was an observed increase in student performance. The average score for student confidence was recorded as 76.29, while the average score for the mathematical communication ability test was 75.97. Out of the total number of students, 19 students (82.60%) achieved completeness in the test, while 4 students (17.40%) did not reach completeness. The self-confidence questionnaire and mathematical communication skills exam administered in cycle II yielded results indicating a satisfactory level of student proficiency. 

This research reveals the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) at SD Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP with the aim of understanding the implementation of P5 in the school. The research method used is qualitative with data collection through observation and interviews. The results showed that P5 has been implemented since the beginning of the semester of 2023, with activities taking place every three months. Full participation of students and the role of educator mentors are seen in the implementation of P5. P5 is themed "Sustainable Lifestyle," where each subject has different P5 activities. For example, in Mathematics the emphasis is on numeracy skills, Indonesian focuses on communication skills and poetry, Civics emphasizes attitudes in accordance with Pancasila, while Islamic Religion directs the formation of noble morals. This research shows that the implementation of P5 has a positive impact, improving cooperation, collaboration, and enthusiasm for learning for students.

Mathematics is a scientific field that investigates formless structures and forms of interaction within them. Mathematical interaction is a powerful tool used to express mathematical opinions verbally or in writing. The Think-Talk-Write (TTW) learning approach is designed to facilitate the construction, reflection, and organization of new mathematical views. This study aims to explore the efficacy of using TTW learning examples as a tactic to enhance the quality of students' mathematical communication, and to assess the impact of this approach. In order to achieve these goals, researchers used classroom action research in two stages of testing. The study involved 21 students in grade VIII at SMP Parulian 1 Medan. The initial ability test revealed that the students' mathematical communication ability scores were 34.2%. After conducting test activities in cycle I, the average mathematical communication ability of students rose to 36.8%. In the second cycle (II), the percentage result increased to 88%. The results of the research demonstrate that students in Class VIII at SMP Parulian 1 Medan experience a significant improvement in their mathematical communication skills through learning via the Think-Talk-Write model. We can conclude that this approach is an effective way to enhance students' mathematical communication skills.    

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mathematical communication skills and self-confidence in mathematics learning for fifth grade students at SDN Banyu Ajuh 06, Kamal, Banyu Ajuh, Kec. Kamal, Kab. Bangkalan on building materials. This research uses quantitative methods. The research population is all fifth grade students for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. Sampling in this study using a total sample. The research sample was 22 students. Data was collected using test questions and observation sheets. The results of the study show that 1) there is a positive relationship between mathematical communication ability and self-confidence with a moderate level of relationship, 2) that the relationship between mathematical communication ability and self-confidence is 29.4%, while 70.6% is influenced by other variables .