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This research aims to analyze the use of the maze application in training elementary school (SD) students' problem solving skills. Problem solving is an important skill in facing the challenges of the modern era, which includes the ability to think creatively, analytically and logistically. Through a literature study-based literature study method, this research found that the labyrinth application not only increases students' ability to think critically, but also trains concentration, perseverance, and hand-eye coordination. In addition, the interactive and fun application format can increase student learning motivation, increasing the learning experience effectively and entertainingly. This study also highlights the importance of integrating technology in learning and the role of teachers in optimizing the implementation of this application according to the curriculum. With good planning, maze applications can be an innovative educational tool to support students' cognitive and motor development, while preparing them to face future challenges.  

The purpose of this study is to observe the cognitive development of early childhood in PAUD Sukacita, especially children aged 5-6 years, through learning activities that involve the introduction of body parts and the calculation of numbers. This learning activity is designed to assess children's ability to understand simple concepts, the courage to appear in front of the class, and numeracy skills. The results of the observation showed that the children's responses to the given activities were very different. Some children show good responses, show optimal cognitive development, and show high self-confidence. . However, there are children who have difficulty understanding the material or feel embarrassed when performing in front of their peers. The main causes of this variation are social anxiety, lack of prior stimulation, and differences in confidence levels. These results underscore the importance of methods that support children's emotional and social development and provide appropriate cognitive stimulation to help children maximize their potential.

Physical education is something that cannot be separated from education in general because physical education fulfills all the goals and functions of education through the development of three aspects, namely cognitive, affective, and psychomotor of the students. Based on observations by the researcher, particularly in the 11th grade, many students still lack understanding and ability in demonstrating the basic movement of kicking a ball with the back of the foot in soccer. The hypothesis in this research is "The Self Check Style teaching method has an influence on improving the basic movement learning outcomes of kicking a ball with the back of the foot in soccer among the 11th-grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon.". The operational objective of this research is to compare whether the average score of basic movement learning in kicking with the back of the foot among students who are given treatment with the Self Check Style teaching method is higher than the average score of basic movement learning in kicking with the back of the foot in football among students who are not given the Self Check Style teaching method. This research uses the experimental method. The population consists of 194 students from the XI grade of SMK NEGERI 1 TOMOHON. And the sample consists of 40 students. The instrument of this research is a basic movement ability test for kicking with the back of the foot in soccer. The result of the hypothesis testing obtained a t-value of 9.2857. Based on the t-distribution table at ∝0.05 with degrees of freedom n1+n2-2 = 20+20-2= 38, the t-table value is obtained as 2.024. so the calculated t is greater than the table t (calculated t > table t). Based on the testing criteria, if the calculated t-value is greater than the table t-value, then the null hypothesis (HO) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (HA) is accepted. The conclusion of this study is that the Self Check style of teaching has a significant impact on the improvement of basic movement learning in kicking a ball with the back of the foot in soccer among the 11th-grade students of SMK NEGERI 1 TOMOHON.

This research aims to analyze the tolerance abilities of young children, especially those aged 5-6 years, by focusing their tolerance abilities. Early childhood, who are aged 0-6 years, experience rapid physical, cognitive, social emotional, and language growth. This research was conducted to understand indicators of tolerance, such as respect, peace, and empathy. This research was conducted on children aged 5-6 years at the Damhil Kindergarten school. This research used a qualitative descriptive method with data collection, interviews, and documentary studies. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis techniques to explore in-depth information regarding the social development of early childhood. The results of the research show that children aged 5-6 years are starting to show the ability to tolerate through sharing, cooperation, and respect for differences. This ability is formed through daily learning and interaction with the social environment. This research offers a solution in the form of an educational approach based on play activities that can improve the social skills and tolerance of young children the social skills and tolerance of young children, thus supporting the formation of an inclusive and harmonious society in the future.

This study was undertaken in response to the deficient cognitive abilities of students. The problem in this study is whether there is an influence of the project-based learning (PjBL) model, which is assisted by blended learning, on improving students' critical thinking skills in class VIII of SMP Negeri 04 Paleleh Barat. This study aims to determine whether the project-based learning (PjBL) model is assisted by blended learning in students' critical thinking skills in class VIII of SMP Negeri 04 Paleleh Barat. This study was performed in SMP Negeri 04 Paleleh Barat between April to May 2024, employing a quasi-experimental methodology. The sample in this study consisted of class VIII-A as the experimental group and class VIII-B as the control group. Both classes will undergo a learning outcome assessment comprising a pretest and a posttest. The data analysis revealed that the project-based learning (PjBL) paradigm, augmented by blended learning, significantly influenced students' critical thinking skills on the human excretory system in class VIII at SMP Negeri 04 Paleleh Barat. This is derived from the t-test results obtained using IBM SPSS for Windows version 2.2, with a significance value. If the p-value (2-tailed) is less than the significance level (alpha) of 0.05, specifically 0.002 < 0.05, then the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted.

Early literacy serves as an essential foundation that plays a crucial role in shaping the cognitive, social, and emotional development of young children. It extends beyond the ability to read and write, encompassing skills such as listening, speaking, and comprehensively understanding information in a holistic manner. In the digital era, these skills have become increasingly critical as children are exposed to diverse forms of information through technology, including digital books, educational applications, and interactive learning videos. Technology presents significant opportunities to support early literacy development in innovative and engaging ways. However, the digital age also poses notable challenges, such as the risk of distraction from entertainment content, exposure to age-inappropriate information, and disparities in access to technology across different social groups. This study aims to deeply explore the strategic role of parents in supporting early literacy development in the digital era, including the strategies they employ, the challenges they face, and the impacts of their involvement. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, the research analyzes data from in-depth interviews, observations of parent-child interactions, and recent literature on early literacy and technology. The findings indicate that active parental involvement, both through technology-based approaches and traditional methods, significantly enhances children's literacy skills. Nonetheless, the study also identifies various challenges commonly encountered, such as time constraints, low digital literacy among parents, and inequities in technology access. This article underscores the importance of synergy between technological and conventional approaches to create a holistic and sustainable literacy environment. It provides in-depth insights into the critical role of parental support in the digital era and offers practical recommendations to address existing barriers, ensuring that early literacy development proceeds optimally and aligns with contemporary needs. 

This study aims to analyze the difference in students' reading comprehension ability between innovative and conventional teaching methods. The research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consists of 30 students, divided into two groups: the experimental group using innovative learning and the control group using conventional learning. Data was collected through a reading comprehension test and analyzed using an independent t-test. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups, with a t-value of 2.419 and a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.022, indicating that innovative learning is more effective in improving students' reading comprehension ability compared to conventional learning. These findings suggest that a more interactive and technology-based learning approach can enhance students' understanding. Therefore, innovative learning can be considered more effective in developing students' cognitive abilities.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the use of inquiry-based learning design in improving students' conceptual understanding. This research uses the literature study method. The literature study method is conducted by collecting and reviewing various relevant literature, including scientific journals, books, articles, and research reports that discuss the topic of inquiry-based learning and its relation to students' conceptual understanding. The results of this study show that inquiry-based learning strategy is an approach that places students as the center of learning, encouraging them to think critically and discover knowledge independently, while the teacher acts as a facilitator in the process of formulating problems to draw conclusions. This method is effective for developing students' cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities and adapts to their individual learning styles, although it can be a challenge for students who are used to conventional learning. Meanwhile, students' concept understanding includes the ability to master, apply, and explain a concept through various indicators, such as giving examples, distinguishing, and applying concepts in various situations.

The reason readiness matters are that children who are prepared for school will advance in their development. The term "school readiness" describes a child's ability to transition to school smoothly and successfully. Even among children of the same age, there are differences in a child's school readiness. The problem in today's society is that many parents think that the only aspect needed for children to enter primary school is the cognitive aspect, which includes the ability to write, read and count. The impact of this view is that many parents demand their children to be able to read, write and calculate after graduating from kindergarten because of the intense competition among favorite schools. In this study, a qualitative descriptive technique was used. The research was conducted at Ummul Habibah Pre-School, Klambir V Kebun village, Deli Serdang Regency. In this study, data collection methods used interview and observation. The three-pronged approach were used as data analysis—data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. Based on the data result, the 5 children who were given the CPM and NST tests, had readiness to join the next school level. These children have adequate absorption and intelligence in solving problems and have adequate concentration. One of the intelligence factors in children's readiness to enter primary school can be explained that children who have high intelligence tend to have intelligent behavior in making decisions and solving problems. The results in the study illustrate that students who have high problem-solving test scores also have high scores in completing the readiness test (NST) and vice versa for students whose low problem solving test scores are also followed by low scores.

The increasing consumption of short-form video content, such as TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts, has raised concerns regarding its impact on cognitive functions, particularly short-term memory. This study aimed to examine the effect of short duration video exposure on short-term memory performance among students at Yayasan Irtiqo Kebajikan. An experimental method with a two-group design was employed, consisting of an experimental group that watched short duration videos for 180 seconds and a control group that received no video exposure prior to the memory test. The participants were 40 students selected through random sampling. Short-term memory was measured using the ME Test, a subtest of the Intelligenz Struktur Test (IST), which assesses the ability to recall a series of words. The results of statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05), with the experimental group demonstrating lower short-term memory scores. These findings suggest that exposure to short-form video content may negatively affect individuals ability to store and process information in short-term memory, highlighting the importance of managing digital media consumption among children and adolescents.

Objective: analyze the modulation scheme that can intelligently select the appropriate modulation model for service conditions to obtain a high Signal to Noise Ratio, as well as throughput efficiency on wireless networks through the DNN approach. Method: this study uses simulations with the Python language, through AI-Driven on BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM modulation, to determine the SNR and Quality of Service (QoS) produced, both through conventional approaches and Deep Neuro Network (DNN). Researh Finding: AI-Driven modulation used for Cognitive Cellular Networks (CCN), through Deep Neuro Network designed to intelligently classify and select the appropriate modulation model to be applied, shows significant improvement in throughput efficiency, QoS and has the ability to adapt to the environment in dynamic networks. Conclussion: AI-Driven using Deep Neuro Network is able to dynamically adapt to determine the selected modulation model, according to the user's environmental conditions, increase spectrum efficiency and throughput, and increase SNR which can automatically increase the efficiency of network usage.

The Social Cognitive Theory proposed by Albert Bandura emphasizes that learning occurs largely through the process of observation. Teachers play an important role as models who provide direct examples so that students can understand and imitate a particular action or skill. This study aims to describe the implementation of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory through modeling strategies in Islamic Jurisprudence learning on the material "Ablution Procedures" in class IA MI Al Ikhlas. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the research subjects being Islamic Jurisprudence subject teachers for class I and 25 class IA students. The research objects include the application of Bandura's modeling theory in Islamic Jurisprudence learning and students' abilities in practicing ablution procedures. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the application of modeling strategies in Islamic Jurisprudence learning consists of three stages, namely: (1) the planning stage, where the teacher prepares a learning plan; (2) the implementation stage, which includes four core processes, namely attention (students pay attention to examples from the teacher), retention (students record information in memory), reproduction (students practice ablution procedures), and motivation (the teacher provides reinforcement in the form of praise or rewards); and (3) the evaluation stage, which is carried out through written, oral and practical tests. The application of this theory has proven effective in improving students' ability to practice ablution correctly.

Background꞉ One of the most crucial aspects of a child's development is their dental health. Children with special needs, including those who are deaf, are particularly vulnerable to dental and oral health issues. The limitations of children with hearing disorders lead to cognitive processing disorders, which affect the child's ability to receive, store, and communicate information. Methods꞉ the population used. Data was gathered by having participants complete a checklist-based questionnaire about their knowledge about brushing their teeth. Direct examination was used to gather information on dental and oral hygiene, and the OHI-S score was visible. The dates of this investigation were May 7-8, 2024. Thirty persons participated in this study as respondents. Result꞉ that this study indicates the relationship between brushing knowledge and dental and oral hygiene. with the value (P=0.001) ἀ ≤ 0, 05. Consclusion꞉ The conclusion of this study shows that this study indicates the relationship between brushing knowledge and dental and oral hygiene.

The presence of both parents plays a crucial role in the development of early childhood, especially in creating an environment that supports their optimal growth and development. Ideally, fathers and mothers work together in parenting with a balanced division of roles. However, in Indonesia, father involvement is often less than optimal because of the view that the father's main task is to earn a living. This study aims to improve the understanding and knowledge of the community, especially in Tanjunganom Village, about the importance of father involvement in child care. Through seminars and mentoring held by the KKN POSKO 5 UIN Walisongo Semarang team, fathers were given insight into the division of roles, monitoring strategies, and evaluation in child care. The results of this activity showed an increase in knowledge among fathers regarding their role in parenting, as well as their ability to balance time between work and child care. Children who are cared for by actively involved fathers show progress in social, emotional, cognitive, and affective development. In conclusion, father involvement in early childhood care is very important to support children's overall development. Fathers who are active in parenting have a stronger relationship with their children, which ultimately makes children more sensitive to their emotions and environment. Therefore, it is highly recommended for fathers to understand that child care is a shared responsibility between father and mother.

Critical thinking, like a double-edged sword, has become a vital tool in this tumultuous information era. On the one hand, it equips individuals with the ability to sort out accurate and reliable information amidst a sea of ​​hoaxes and manipulation. On the other hand, it opens the gates to analytical, logical and structured thinking, enabling mature and responsible decision-making. More than just a cognitive process, critical thinking is an art that requires practice and persistence. This abstract aims to dive into the sea of ​​critical thinking, examine its important elements, and explore its benefits in various aspects of life. Critical thinking is like a moral compass in the information age. By honing this ability, individuals can navigate the sea of ​​information with confidence, avoid the traps of hoaxes and manipulation, and move towards a brighter future.

The revised Bloom's Taxonomy is a framework of thinking that is widely used in education to design learning objectives, assessments, and curricula. The revised taxonomy by Anderson and Krathwohl changes the classification from nouns to operational verbs, starting from low to high cognitive levels: remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create. This study aims to analyze the application of creative ability (C6) in Islamic Jurisprudence learning at MI Nurul Qodim, especially in the context of implementing the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results of the study indicate that students' creative abilities in Islamic Jurisprudence learning have not yet developed optimally. This is due to the learning method that still focuses on basic concepts in textbooks and the limited experience of students in solving contextual problems. Lower-grade students are still dominant in playing, while upper-grade students begin to show their ability to argue and solve simple problems. Therefore, a more innovative and contextual learning approach is needed to hone high-level thinking skills, especially in the realm of creating (C6).  

Kindergarten provides early childhood education for children aged 0-6 years, aiming to develop their cognitive, social, and emotional skills through various educational approaches. This study examines the effect of using educational props, specifically flipbooks, and learning motivation on early reading skills in kindergarten children. A quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design was employed. The study involved two groups of kindergarten students: the experimental group, which used flipbooks, and the control group, which followed a conventional learning model. The results indicated that using flipbooks significantly improved early reading skills compared to the conventional method. Additionally, learning motivation was found to have a significant effect on reading ability. The interaction between using flipbooks and learning motivation demonstrated that their combination significantly enhanced children's reading ability. This study concludes that employing flipbooks and fostering students' learning motivation can improve the early reading skills of kindergarten children. Therefore, integrating flipbook and emphasizing learning motivation can have a significant and positive impact on early reading comprehension skills in kindergarten students, both individually and synergistically.

The purpose of this research is to improve students' speaking skills through a project based learning, making them more immersive and active. This study used experimental techniques and analysis of students' cognitive abilities with quantitative research techniques through oral tests. The research questions considered in this study are: was there a significant effectiveness of simple project-based learning syntaxes in teaching speaking (pronunciation element) and to what extent was the effectiveness of simple project-based learning syntaxes in teaching speaking (pronunciation element)?. The purpose of this study is to know whether the Simple project-based learning syntaxes to teach speaking (pronunciation element) contributes significantly to the senior high school students’ speaking ability of eleventh grade student of MA NW Juet academic year 2024. And the perpose of this research is to find out the extent of Simple project-based learning syntaxes in teaching speaking (pronunciation element). The analytical methods used for data processing are included in the Social Science Statistics 22.0 for Windows. The results before applying the project based learning technique, only 50% of students are able to spek in English and after applying the project based learning, it improved student's ability to speak in English by 80%. Applying project based learning , especially speaking, This is the right strategy to improve students' speaking skills (pronunciation).

An elderly person is someone who reaches the age of > 60 years. This increase in age will result in a decrease in the ability of the body's functions, one of which is the nervous system, namely a mild, moderate decline in cognitive function and even dementia. Severe dementia will result in elderly people being unable to carry out activities so that they will experience elderly people who are not prosperous and happy. To overcome this, puzzle therapy is needed. Puzzle therapy is a game of arranging certain shapes until they become a complete image or form a certain pattern. This is to stimulate and improve the cognitive function of the brain. It is known that nursing care for elderly people with decreased cognitive function is provided by providing puzzle therapy. This case study uses a descriptive method with a nursing process approach carried out on 3 clients using a One Group Pretest Posttest puzzle therapy research design on cognitive function in the elderly. The implementation results showed that there was a change in the MMSE score after being given puzzle therapy for 5 consecutive days, namely Mrs. F from 21 to 23, Mrs. L from 22 to 24 while Mrs. E of 16 and still has a score of 16. The average MMSE score which increased after being given puzzle therapy was 2 scores. It is hoped that the results of this case study can become an application for implementing puzzle therapy to improve cognitive function in the elderly where caregivers or nursing home staff can also make puzzle therapy a routine activity that can be carried out every week at the Dharma Bhakti KM 7 Palembang Nursing Home.

Youth face complex psychosocial challenges amid rapid social, economic, and technological changes. One key strategy for addressing these challenges is strengthening resilience, particularly spiritual resilience. Spiritual resilience refers to an individual’s ability to endure and recover from life’s difficulties through the power of faith, life meaning, and spiritual values. This study aims to examine the concept of spiritual resilience in youth through a cognitive-behavioral psychology (CBT) approach using a literature review method. The analysis draws upon various scholarly sources that explore the relationship between CBT mechanisms and the development of spirituality. The findings indicate that integrating CBT with spiritual values, including within a Christian context, can enhance youth’s mental endurance, assist in restructuring negative cognitions, and support mental health and spiritual growth. This approach offers a holistic and contextual intervention framework to help youth more effectively cope with stress, anxiety, and identity crises.