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Most of the people of Tamblang Village have a livelihood as farmers. So that the thick ancestral traditions and culture are still carried out intact in this village. Tamblang is a village located in the Kubutambahan sub-district, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. Customary laws or awig-awig are still the basis for behavior in the community. Regulations regarding the existence and rights of customary law communities regarding customary land in Tamblang Village are one of them in Awig-Awig Tamblang Traditional Village, Kubutambahan District, which shows that the existence and rights of indigenous peoples have been accepted within the legal framework applicable in traditional villages. The Tamblang customary law community is the indigenous people of North Bali who have lived for generations based on local cultural wisdom. Customary laws or awig-awig are still the basis for behavior in society. This arrangement of rights and obligations towards customary land is the basis for community engagement by the residents of the Tamblang customary village. The purpose of this study is to know and understand the existence of awig-awig and perarem in the regulation of customary land rights and obligations. The author uses an empirical research method using an approach through laws and conceptual methods. The results of this study can be concluded that, it is expected to maintain, maintain, and maintain customary law values. This regulation certainly gives hope to customary law communities to get recognition and protection of their rights, namely customary territories, customary law, assets and/or customary objects as well as institutions/government systems.

This research aims to investigate the role of information technology in enhancing school correspondence at MAS PAB 1 Sampali. The introduction of the research explains the importance of using information technology to improve communication effectiveness in the educational environment. The research method used is qualitative with a literature review approach, involving analysis of various related literature. The research objectives are to understand the implementation of digital platforms in school correspondence, the impact of information technology on interaction and social relations in schools, and enhancing communication effectiveness among schools. The research findings indicate that digital platforms have had a positive impact in facilitating online learning, expanding communication networks among students, teachers, and parents, and increasing engagement in school life. However, the use of technology also brings challenges related to privacy and data security that must be addressed with appropriate policies and security measures. In conclusion, information technology has great potential to enhance school communication effectiveness, but its use must be managed wisely to ensure data security and privacy are maintained.

This study investigates the impact of various levels of analysis on the detection and understanding of spelling errors in news texts. By employing different analytical approaches, including linguistic, contextual, and syntactic levels, this research aims to elucidate the nuances of spelling errors and their implications for news comprehension and credibility. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how different levels of analysis influence the identification and interpretation of spelling errors in news content, thereby informing strategies for enhancing text quality and reader engagement

Tourism is an open sector, characterized by low barriers to entry and influenced by various political, social, environmental, and technological trends. The concept of governance in the tourism industry has gained significant attention in recent years, as it plays a crucial role in ensuring the sustainable development and competitiveness of tourist destinations. This study presents the findings of an exploratory research study on a good governance model for Vanaprastha Tourism. The research revealed that Vanaprastha Tourism encompasses seven risk factors as a destination concept. These include nature engagement, the experience of silence and contemplation, engagement with traditional practices, a holistic approach to well-being, sustainability and environmental consciousness, cultural immersion and authentic experiences, community empowerment, and socio-economic impact. Assessing the seven factors and overall visitor perception is essential for effective governance in Vanaprastha Tourism. The framework includes eight assessment elements, with 30 indicators and 49 sub-indicators, offering a comprehensive evaluation of various aspects such as environmental sustainability, community engagement, and visitor satisfaction. Vanaprastha Tourism should advocate for responsible tourism practices and foster stakeholder collaboration to address critical challenges. This will allow Vanaprastha Tourism to emerge as a model for sustainable and responsible tourism and safeguard its distinctive cultural and environmental heritage.  

The 'Architects Teach' initiative at SMA Negeri 9 Semarang represents a pioneering educational endeavor aimed at integrating architectural principles into the high school curriculum. This program seeks to nurture an appreciation and understanding of architectural concepts among students, fostering a deeper connection with their built environment. Through a series of interactive lectures and hands-on workshops, students were introduced to fundamental architectural ideas, encouraging them to observe and critically assess their surroundings. The initiative not only enhanced students' awareness of architectural aesthetics and functionality but also emphasized the importance of sustainable design practices. The program's outcomes suggest a significant shift in students' perceptions of architecture, highlighting the potential of such educational interventions in shaping future generations' engagement with their living spaces.   Keywords: Architectural Education, High School Curriculum, Sustainable Design, Student Engagement, Built Environment

This research investigates the prevalent challenges and identifies strategic approaches for effective resource utilization in secondary schools. Through a mixed-methods study involving quantitative analysis and qualitative interviews, the research highlights significant problems such as budget constraints, outdated educational materials, and disparities in resource distribution between urban and rural schools. The study reveals that 75% of surveyed schools encounter difficulties in resource allocation, with urban schools having better access to technology and trained personnel compared to their rural counterparts. Qualitative findings underscore the importance of several strategies to optimize resource usage. Needs-based allocation is identified as a critical approach, with schools that tailor resources to specific needs reporting improvements in student engagement and achievement. The integration of technology, combined with comprehensive teacher training on digital tools, is pivotal in enhancing learning experiences. Moreover, collaboration with the community and local businesses emerges as a valuable source of additional resources and real-world learning opportunities. The establishment of resource-sharing networks among schools is also noted as an effective measure to mitigate the impact of budget constraints and promote a more equitable distribution of materials and expertise. This study contributes to the discourse on educational equity and efficiency, offering actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and administrators. By emphasizing the need for localized solutions, technological equity, and community engagement, the research points towards a more equitable and efficient educational landscape. Future research directions include exploring the longitudinal impacts of these strategies on educational outcomes and the role of policy reforms in supporting resource optimization efforts.    

The use of visual media in berkatekese can increase the effectiveness of learning in the digital era. In this day and age, digital technology has changed the way we learn and teach. This article discusses how visual media such as pictures, videos, animations can increase the absorption of information and the involvement of students in the learning process. Visual media not only enriches the learning experience but also helps teachers to convey material more easily and can be understood by students. In addition, the use of visual media in catechesis can help learning to be more effective in understanding the material and remembering students. The research method used in this article is a qualitative method with the main approach, namely direct observation at school and literature study. The results show that the use of visual media in learning can increase learner engagement and help in understanding learning materials well. Although it has shortcomings, it has benefits in supporting the learning process of Catholic religion in the digital era.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the "English for Specific Purposes for Meetings" textbook authored by Kenneth Thompson, published by OXFORD University Press, through a descriptive analysis method. Drawing on Tomlinson's theoretical criteria, the evaluation highlights the textbook's alignment with learner needs and its efficacy in fostering engagement and confidence in professional communication settings. Findings indicate that the textbook effectively integrates contemporary topics and diverse learning activities to support authentic language use and active learning. However, a notable area for improvement is the need for outcome feedback opportunities. Overall, while the "English for Meetings" textbook demonstrates substantial effectiveness in addressing learner needs within professional contexts, areas for enhancement exist, suggesting avenues for future research to inform improved language teaching practices for ESP learners.  

This study explores the advantages of employing GeoGebra in geometry transformation education. GeoGebra creates an interactive environment, facilitating exploration and enhancing student engagement. Geometry transformations, encompassing translation, rotation, reflection, and dilation, find broad applications in everyday life. The use of GeoGebra aids in comprehending abstract mathematical concepts through dynamic visualization. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method is applied with the PRISMA approach to evaluate relevant literature from 2019 to 2023. The research aims to contribute to innovative approaches in mathematics education by leveraging GeoGebra

This research aimed to analyze the content of the English textbook "English for International Tourism" by Peter Strutt using the approach proposed by Brian Tomlinson. The research utilized a qualitative descriptive technique through checklist observations of several indicators of book content criteria. The analysis focused on the relevance, coherence, learner engagement, suitability, readability, and creativity of the materials presented in both textbooks. The findings revealed that "English for International Tourism" successfully presented updated, varied, engaging, and challenging content that not only fostered learner engagement in the tourism industry but also aided in developing learners' confidence and relevant language skills. Moreover, this book met various criteria for effective language learning materials, including facilitating learner comfort, building confidence, providing relevant and useful content, and offering opportunities for communicative language use. The book also considered various learning styles, affective attitudes, and provided feedback for delayed positive instructional effects.

This research discusses the potential in the learning process of affective strategies as an effort to improve student engagement and learning quality. The affective strategy approach emphasizes the development of students' social and emotional skills, as well as strengthening positive relationships between teachers and students. The research method involves analyzing the literature to understand the concept of affective strategies in the context of learning. Findings show that the implementation of affective strategies can result in improvements in learning motivation, social interaction, and academic achievement. However, challenges related to the integration of affective strategies in the curriculum and classroom management were also identified. Implications of this study include the importance of teacher training in the implementation of affective strategies, as well as the active role of students in utilizing the learning potential presented by this approach.

The development of information and communication technology has changed the landscape of education as a whole, including in the context of Christian Religious Education (PAK). This article aims to review the challenges, negative impacts, new opportunities and use of technology in PAK in the digital era. In dealing with this problem, the research method used involves qualitative analysis with data synthesis from various related studies. The research results show that the integration of technology in PAK has the potential to improve learning content, increase student engagement, and create a more interactive learning experience. However, it is important to note that there are negative impacts of the digital era, such as the risk of dependence on technology, which also need to be considered in the context of religious learning. However, there are new opportunities offered by technological developments and how to use them at PAK. This includes the use of various methods and platforms that support interactive and creative learning, which can help increase students' understanding of Christianity in the digital era. Thus, the use of technology in PAK is not only about exploiting the advantages of technology to improve teaching, but also about understanding and overcoming the challenges and negative impacts that may arise. Only with a balanced approach between the use of technology and an understanding of its specific context, can Christian religious education in the digital era become more effective and relevant for the younger generation.

The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Medan as a public information provider in the Utara region. The research uses content analysis, audience engagement, and technical performance evaluation. The results show that despite RRI Medan's success in providing public information, there is potential for improvement in local news and programs. This study contributes to understanding radio media's role in public information and providing specific recommendations for improving RRI Medan's effectiveness.

This study investigates the efficacy of dynamic assignment strategies in enhancing English language proficiency, engagement, and motivation among learners compared to traditional assignment methods. Through a mixed-methods approach, involving quantitative analyses of language proficiency scores and engagement levels, as well as qualitative insights from student perspectives and teacher observations, the research highlights the significant advantages of integrating dynamic assignments in English language learning. Results indicate that students participating in the dynamic assignment group showed statistically significant improvements in overall language proficiency, particularly in speaking and writing skills (p < 0.05). Additionally, these students reported higher levels of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement (p < 0.05), which were positively correlated with their language proficiency improvements (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). This suggests that the more engaged students are in their learning process, the better their language learning outcomes. From the qualitative data, students expressed a greater motivation and interest in learning English, attributing this to the real-world relevance and applicability of the dynamic assignments. Teachers corroborated these findings, noting enhanced active participation, collaboration, and improvements in students’ communication skills and confidence. However, both students and teachers identified challenges, including increased preparation time and the need for clearer guidelines to maximize the benefits of dynamic assignments. The study concludes that dynamic assignment strategies significantly contribute to improving language proficiency and engagement among English language learners. It suggests that addressing the identified challenges could further optimize the effectiveness of these strategies. This research advocates for a shift towards more interactive, relevant, and engaging teaching methodologies in language education to better prepare learners for real-world communication.

This article investigates the role of parental engagement policies in improving early childhood education (ECE) outcomes in Indonesia. Through a longitudinal analysis of ECE institutions and surveys with parents and teachers, the study highlights the impact of parental engagement on children’s cognitive and social development. Findings suggest that targeted policy measures to increase parental engagement contribute to improved educational outcomes, particularly in disadvantaged communities. The study advocates for policies that foster partnerships between parents and educators to support holistic child development.

This study investigates the impact of gamified learning platforms on the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills among middle school students. With the increasing reliance on digital tools, fostering these essential skills has become a critical educational goal. Traditional teaching methods often fail to engage students effectively, which has led educators to explore innovative approaches such as gamified learning. The experimental design of this study involved two groups: an experimental group using gamified learning platforms and a control group following conventional teaching methods. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests measuring students' critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. Results indicated that the experimental group showed a significant improvement in both skills, with a 20-point increase in their scores, while the control group exhibited minimal progress. The findings highlight that gamified learning, which integrates game mechanics such as points, rewards, and leaderboards, enhances engagement and motivation, leading to improved cognitive skills. This study emphasizes the potential of gamification to revolutionize educational practices, suggesting that its integration can be a powerful tool to equip students with the necessary skills for the future.

This study explores the potential of mobile educational applications to enhance student-centered inquiry-based learning (IBL) in secondary school classrooms. As traditional, teacher-centered pedagogies fail to adequately engage students in critical thinking and problem-solving, IBL offers a promising alternative that encourages active participation and deeper learning. The research investigates how mobile applications can support IBL by facilitating the inquiry process, such as data collection, hypothesis formulation, and collaboration. Through a quasi-experimental design involving secondary school students, the study compares the effectiveness of traditional teaching methods and mobile-assisted IBL. Results indicate that students using mobile applications showed significant improvements in critical thinking, engagement, and academic performance compared to those taught through traditional methods. Teachers and students both reported high satisfaction with mobile apps, particularly in terms of ease of use and educational value. The findings suggest that integrating mobile technologies into the classroom can create more interactive, accessible, and personalized learning experiences, fostering critical thinking and enhancing student outcomes. However, challenges related to infrastructure, teacher training, and digital literacy must be addressed to fully harness the potential of mobile-assisted inquiry-based learning.

Notary and PPAT in Engagement between Debtor and Creditor. This study aims to determine, and analyze the extent of the authority of Notaries and PPATs in Creditor Agreements between Debtors and Creditors and the position of Cooperation agreements between notaries and PPATs with Banks according to Positive Law. This study uses a normative juridical approach. The juridical approach is used to analyze various principles and theories related to the problems studied. The research results show that notaries and PPATs in the credit agreement system between creditors are carried out to provide legal certainty. The role of the notary and PPAT is also as the authorized party to check the collateral in the form of Mortgage to ascertain whether the collateral is valid in the eyes of the law or not. The position of notary and PPAT cooperation agreements with banks according to the Civil Code and the Principles of Freedom of Contract are binding and valid based on applicable regulations.

This research investigates the integration of Sharia economic instruments into green economy policies in Indonesia, focusing on how these instruments can enhance sustainability efforts. Specifically, it evaluates the role of Green Sukuk, zakat, and waqf in supporting sustainable development projects. Sharia economic instruments are identified as essential tools for financing environmentally friendly projects while aligning with social and ethical values. The research explores how these instruments contribute to the green economy by expanding funding sources, increasing public participation, and promoting social welfare. The study finds that the hybrid approach of integrating Sharia instruments with green policies leads to more sustainable outcomes compared to secular-only frameworks. The integration fosters long-term stability, attracts ethical investors, and supports social inclusion, making green initiatives more resilient. This research highlights the potential of Sharia-compliant financing in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and fostering a more inclusive and sustainable economic model. Recommendations are made for the Indonesian government to develop policies that incorporate Sharia instruments into the green economy framework to enhance financial support and community engagement.

The integration of Sharia principles with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks presents a unique opportunity to enhance ethical accountability and sustainability in Islamic financial institutions. This study employs an analytical-descriptive research design, utilizing secondary data from annual sustainability reports, Sharia compliance documentation, and regulatory publications, to examine the adoption of ESG principles in the Islamic finance sector. Findings indicate that Islamic banks have achieved high levels of governance (90%) and social (85%) implementation, while environmental initiatives lag (62%), reflecting the need for stronger alignment with the khalifah fil ardh (stewardship of the earth) principle. The research also demonstrates a positive correlation between ESG implementation and investor confidence, with institutions exceeding 80% ESG adoption achieving an Investor Confidence Index of 92 points compared to 65 points among lower-performing banks. Despite conceptual synergy between ESG and Sharia principles centered on justice (adl), social welfare (maslahah), and environmental stewardship (khalifah) practical integration faces challenges including limited green financing instruments, regulatory fragmentation, and insufficient standardized ESG reporting tailored to Islamic finance. To address these issues, the study proposes an integrative ESG Sharia model emphasizing ethical foundations as the core of sustainable practices. Recommendations include developing Maqasid al-Shariah–based ESG indicators, expanding engagement in green financing and renewable energy projects, and adopting digital sustainability reporting. This integrative approach supports both global sustainability goals and the ethical imperatives of Islamic finance, contributing to a value-based, socially responsible, and spiritually aware financial ecosystem.