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This study aims to determine the effect of leverage on financial performance and the effect of financial distress risk on the relationship between leverage and financial performance. The population in this study is several oil, gas, & coal sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023. This study uses secondary data. The sampling technique uses the simple purposive sampling method, resulting in 57 companies as samples for 4 years. This study uses Moderated Regression Analysis as the data analysis technique. The results of the study show that leverage has a negative effect on financial performance, and financial distress risk is able to strengthen the relationship between leverage and financial performance.

Machine translation (MT), especially neural machine translation (NMT) technology, has made significant progress in producing more natural and fluent translations. However, this technology still faces major challenges related to cultural sensitivity, where idiomatic, philosophical, and social contextual meanings often fail to be captured accurately. Through a qualitative literature review, this article examines the main challenges faced by machine translation in understanding and reproducing cultural nuances. The analysis shows that NMT systems have limitations in translating philosophical terms and idioms, tend to be biased due to the dominance of English-language data, and ignore the metalinguistic awareness of humans. Failure to capture these cultural dimensions not only risks losing the authentic meaning of the message but can also accelerate the loss of local languages. This study concludes that the role of humans remains irreplaceable in translating highly cultural texts. Therefore, a hybrid approach that combines technology with human intervention ( human-in-the-loop ) and the development of models trained with more culturally diverse data is recommended to produce inclusive and ethical translations.  

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of funding sourced from Danantara—a digital platform that manages state investment with funding support from state-owned bank customers—in supporting the acceleration of national development. In the context of state investment, collaboration between the Investment Management Institution (LPI) and state-owned financial institutions is important as a form of fiscal innovation and expansion of non-APBN financing sources. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with literature studies from various scientific journals and related laws and regulations. The results of the study show that Danantara has the potential to be a reliable, flexible, and sustainable long-term funding instrument. Through funds collected from state-owned bank customers, state investment can be focused on strategic sectors such as infrastructure, energy, and digitalization. However, its effectiveness is still faced with regulatory challenges, transparency of governance, and public literacy regarding state investment mechanisms. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen regulations and synergy between financial institutions, as well as increase public trust so that Danantara can function optimally as the main supporter in realizing fiscal independence and national economic growth.

This study aims to determine: Guide's efforts to educate visitors in the Situmandi White Water Rafting Attraction in Hutabarat Village, Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency. The type of research used is qualitative research. The sample in this study was the Situmandi tourist attraction. The results of the study show: Guide's efforts to educate visitors in the Situmandi white water rafting attraction in Hutabarat Village, Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency are more focused on creating promotional media such as creating social media such as Facebook, Instagram, WEBSite, Tiktok and Banners This method is one of the promotional methods that can attract the attention of Guide's efforts to educate visitors to the Situmandi tourist attraction. From various aspects that provide specific opinions: in Hutabarat Village, Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency. There are several inhibiting factors that researchers found from statements and those felt by the Hutabarat Village Government, including Promotion, tourist attractions, Facilities,

This study aims to analyze the influence of hotel facilities and service quality on guest satisfaction at Hotel Whiz Prime Padang. The background of this study is based on the importance of maintaining and improving the quality of hotel services and facilities in order to meet guest expectations and maintain customer loyalty amidst the increasingly tight competition in the hotel industry. This study uses a quantitative approach with a causal associative descriptive method. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 379 respondents who had stayed at Hotel Whiz Prime Padang. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 22.The results showed that hotel facilities and service quality had a positive and significant effect on guest satisfaction. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.739 indicates that 73.9% of the variation in guest satisfaction can be explained by hotel facilities and service quality significantly, while the rest is influenced by other variables outside this study. This finding indicates that the better the quality of facilities and services provided by the hotel, the higher the level of guest satisfaction will be. Therefore, the management of Hotel Whiz Prime Padang needs to evaluate and improve aspects of physical facilities as well as staff competence and attitudes in providing services to maintain guest satisfaction and loyalty.

Catcalling or verbal sexual harassment is a social phenomenon that is rampant in Indonesia. It involves unwanted sexualized remarks that dehumanize the victim and can have a psychological impact. Although Law Number 12 of 2022 on Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence (UU TPKS) has regulated non-physical sexual harassment in Article 5, its application in the field still faces various obstacles. This study aims to determine the legal formulation of the application of sanctions against perpetrators of verbal sexual harassment (catcalling). This research uses an empirical normative approach. The results show that the legal formulation of the application of sanctions against perpetrators of verbal sexual harassment has progressed with explicit regulation in Article 5 of Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence (TPKS Law). To realize substantive and effective justice, it is necessary to improve the formulation of sanctions, integrate non-criminal sanctions, increase the capacity of law enforcers, and strengthen public education.

This research is motivated by the problem in the Preservation of Gondang Buhun Traditional Arts in Kuta Traditional Village, Karangpaningal Village. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach with primary data sources in the form of interview results from 6 informants consisting of 1 village, 1 village official, 1 village elder, 1 person from the Gondang Buhun art administrator, 1 member of the Gondang Buhun art, 1 person, 1 community/community leader. Secondary data is in the form of relevant documentation. The data collection technique consists of observation, interviews with the stages of data reduction analysis, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the Karangpaningal Village Government has a role in the preservation of Gondang Buhun's traditional arts, including the role of stabilizer through support for the sustainability of traditional events through Gondang Buhun performances. The role of innovators encourages the birth of creativity through the development of training patterns, the role of modernizers facilitates it, the role of pioneers to be the main actors who initiate conservation initiatives through policy support, village budget allocation, and the role of self-implementers to provide instructions or directions. The obstacles found are the lack of regeneration of young artists, limited funds, and lack of promotion which have an impact on the decline of the existence of Gondang Buhun among the younger generation. Efforts that have been made are to support preservation through the provision of village budgets, training procurement, and support art performances at various traditional and state events.

The purpose of this study was to determine how effectively the village infrastructure development program was implemented in Tayadun Village, Bokat Sub-district, Buol District. This research uses a qualitative research type. The author used indicators of goal achievement, integration, and adaptation to assess indicators of development effectiveness. The research collected data through interviews, literature study, and observation. Data analysis was conducted by reducing data, presenting data, and making conclusions. The results showed that the effectiveness of the implementation of the Tayadun Village infrastructure development program was quite effective, went well although there were still obstacles faced by the village government, and was carried out on time.  

The resolution of joint property disputes after divorce is a significant issue in Islamic family law in Indonesia, as it pertains to justice and legal protection for former spouses. One available alternative for settlement is through a Peace Deed (Akta Perdamaian), which results from the parties’ agreement and is ratified by the religious court judge. This study employs a qualitative approach using a case study method on the Decision of the Religious Court of Surabaya No. 1700/Pdt.G/2025/PA.SBY. The findings show that the Peace Deed is an effective instrument for resolving joint property disputes quickly, efficiently, and without prolonged litigation. Professionally conducted mediation plays a crucial role in reaching a fair and balanced agreement. Moreover, the court’s ratification of the agreement grants the Peace Deed binding legal force and allows for execution in case of non-compliance. This mechanism also helps reduce post-divorce emotional conflict and maintains good relations between parties. This study illustrates how the Peace Deed can serve as an alternative solution for resolving joint property disputes and offers recommendations for courts to optimize the role of mediation and expand public awareness about the benefits of dispute resolution through peaceful agreements.

The handling of terrorism crimes in Indonesia requires a balance between safeguarding the rights of perpetrators as individuals entitled to human rights and fulfilling the rights of victims affected by such acts of violence. This study aims to evaluate how human rights protections for terrorism suspects are upheld during legal proceedings, as well as how the state strives to protect and rehabilitate victims of terrorism under Law No. 5 of 2018 on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. Using a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes a case study based on the North Jakarta District Court’s Decision No. 1580/Pid.Sus.Terrorism/2020/PN.Jkt.Utr. The findings indicate that terrorism suspects are granted fair legal treatment, including the right to defense, a fair trial, and protection from torture, in accordance with the principle of non-derogable rights under international human rights law. On the other hand, Law No. 5 of 2018 establishes a clearer and more comprehensive legal framework to ensure victims' rights, including rehabilitation, compensation, and restitution. However, the implementation of victim protections still faces various technical and administrative challenges. This study recommends strengthening mechanisms for victim protection and enhancing legal enforcers' awareness of human rights principles in handling terrorism cases.  

The essential oil of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a high-value commodity widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its bioactive components such as citral. Optimizing its distillation process is necessary to achieve maximum yield with time and energy efficiency. This study aims to determine the hourly yield distribution of essential oil from Lombong-type lemongrass during steam distillation and to analyze its extraction kinetics to identify the optimal distillation duration. Distillation was conducted for four hours with yield recorded each hour, and the data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained in the first hour (0.1882%), followed by a sharp decline, with no additional yield observed in the fourth hour. The pseudo-first-order model showed the best fit to the experimental data with a rate constant of k = 0,8012/hour. Meanwhile the pseudo-second-order model did not fit well. These findings indicate that the extraction process is dominated by external diffusion and the rapid release of surface volatile compounds. Therefore, it is recommended that distillation duration be limited to two hours to optimize energy and time efficiency.

This research was carried out from December 2024 to January 2025. This research aims to: 1). To determine the contribution of tea picking housewives' income to family income in Bermani Ulu District 2). Calculating how much tea picking housewives contribute to family income in Bermani Ulu District 3). To determine the influence of tea picking housewives' income on family income. The methods used in this research are descriptive analysis, income analysis, contribution analysis and simple linear regression analysis. The method for determining respondents in this research uses the sample census method used, namely 15 people. Where samples were taken from all housewives who worked as tea pickers at PT. Agrotea Bukit Daun. The results of the study concluded that there was an influence between the income of tea picking housewives on family income. The income contribution of tea picking housewives at PT Agrotea Bukit Daun is 66%. The life activities of housewives who work as tea pickers at PT Agrotea Bukit Daun show that the average time spent working as a tea picker is 7 hours a day.  

This article examines the case of Warung Sate Kambing in Mojosongo, Solo, with an emphasis on operational activities, business strategies, customer satisfaction, and opportunities for creating applications for digital ordering and payment. The research took a descriptive qualitative approach, applying interview, observation, and literature review techniques. The analysis of this research shows that the application of digital technology, through the creation of web-based applications and the integration of the QRIS digital creation system, can improve service efficiency and expand outreach to customers. The development process is carried out using the Waterfall method to be more organized and systematic.

In the current era of globalization and technological advancement in business, information systems play a critical role in driving organizational growth. A company’s success heavily relies on an efficient information system capable of providing accurate, timely, and relevant information. This study aims to design a web-based asset management information system to enhance asset management efficiency at PT Wisessa Consulting Indonesia. Asset management is a vital function that must be carried out to monitor the condition and status of assets. The main problems identified include the lack of integration in asset recording and the absence of a user access control system differentiated by role. The system development follows the Waterfall model, which consists of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance phases. The developed system manages detailed asset master data, schedules asset maintenance, and regulates user access rights based on roles—namely admin, IT support admin, IT support, manager, and branch user. The implementation results indicate that the system facilitates more accurate and structured asset recording, monitoring, and reporting processes. Furthermore, the system improves asset management effectiveness, ensures data transparency, reduces errors from manual processes, and supports data-driven strategic decision-making within the organization.

Along with the increasing threat of cybercrime, which is predicted to cause losses of up to US$10.5 trillion by 2025 , penetration testing (pentest) has become a crucial strategy for identifying security vulnerabilities. However, the manual pentest process is often time-consuming. This research aims to analyze the role, effectiveness, and challenges of Generative AI (GenAI), specifically GPT-4.1, in accelerating and optimizing the penetration testing process. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study on the "PumpkinFestival" VulnHub machine , where GPT-4.1 is integrated into the Kali Linux environment through the ShellGPT tool. The results show that GPT-4.1 can significantly accelerate all stages of the pentest, from reconnaissance to exploitation. GenAI proved effective in analyzing scan results, composing specific payloads, and creating decryption scripts quickly and accurately , while also filling a research gap by evaluating a newer AI model compared to previous studies. The implication is that the integration of GenAI in cybersecurity has great potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of security teams in facing increasingly complex threats.

Manual stock management systems are still commonly used in electrical equipment sales businesses, often leading to problems such as inaccurate data recording, delayed reporting, and potential data loss. To overcome these issues, a web-based inventory management information system was developed to automate the recording of incoming goods, outgoing goods, damaged items, and lost items. A case study was conducted at Toko Dhanisa Mandiri Jaya, which previously relied on manual bookkeeping using physical logs. The system was developed using the Waterfall method, involving stages such as requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and literature review. The system includes key features such as inventory data management, transaction processing, reporting, and user management. The implementation results indicate improved operational efficiency, reduced recording errors, and the availability of real-time inventory data to support managerial decision-making. This system is expected to help the store modernize its business processes with better accuracy and control.

Disposal area is an area at an open pit mine that is used as a place to store or dispose of worthless materials. Disposal must also follow the specified safety factor standards, if the disposal design is not safe after being analyzed by a geotechnical engineer, the design must be redesigned to achieve the desired safety factor value. One way to increase the fk value is to make a Counterweight plan in making disposal. Where Counterweight is a fill material that is made with special treatment so that the soil bearing capacity increases which functions to withstand the load on it. Landslides on disposal slopes are one of the serious problems faced in mining activities, especially in areas with vulnerable geological and topographic conditions. PT Jembayan Muarabara, which operates in Marangkayu District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, is no exception to this challenge. The A–A’ cross section shows a safety factor value of 1.118 in saturated conditions, which indicates that the slope is at a stable limit and needs to be improved through engineering such as adding counterweights. The B–B’ cross-section has a safety factor value of 2.332, which is included in the safe category and has met the provisions of the ESDM Ministerial Decree No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018. The C-C’ cross-section has a safety factor value of 1.511, which is included in the safe category and has met the provisions of the ESDM Ministerial Decree No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the loading and unloading equipment in coal mining activities at the Mahakam Pit, PT Insani Bara Perkasa Site Km 11, East Kalimantan. The research was motivated by the importance of achieving mechanical equipment performance standards according to the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 1827 of 2018. Data were obtained through direct observation and analysis of actual working time and evaluation of operational constraint factors. The results of the analysis showed that before the evaluation, the mechanical availability (MA) value was 87.24%, physical availability (PA) 88.51%, availability utilization (UA) 88.73%, and effective utilization (EU) 78.54%. After evaluating the constraint time, there was an increase in all parameters: MA to 88.71%, PA to 89%, UA increased to 90%, and EU reached 80%. This evaluation also had an impact on increasing the productivity of the loading and unloading equipment from 268.41 bcm/hour to 284.43 bcm/hour. Thus, the evaluation of work obstacles is proven to be effective in increasing the efficiency and productivity of the digging-loading equipment at the research location.

The mining system applied by PT Bukit Baiduri Energi is an open pit mining system utilizing the open-pit method. The application of the open-pit method creates a depression that has a high potential to become a catchment area for both surface runoff and groundwater. In the mining pit of PT Bukit Baiduri Energi, there is a sump located at an elevation of -86 meters above sea level (mdpl). The planned mining boundary is at an elevation of -110 mdpl. Therefore, this research aims to determine the area of the catchment, runoff discharge values, sump capacity, and pump capacity, so that the volume of incoming water can be known, allowing for the control of the sump to prevent overflow that could disrupt mining activities.. Based on the data obtained and the calculations performed, the catchment area was found to be 103.42 ha. In the calculation of runoff discharge using the rational method, the total runoff discharge entering sump A9 was found to be 4,211.66 m3/day. The capacity of the sump was measured at 125,187.62 m3. In the pump capacity calculation, the pump capacity based on the pumping discharge was found to be 2,926.80 m3/day.

This study aims to evaluate and optimize the effects of vacuum pressure and drying time on moisture content in the freeze drying process. Freeze drying was selected due to its ability to preserve the quality of food products by removing moisture through sublimation under low vacuum conditions. The vacuum pressure variables applied in this study were -62.8 cmHg, -64 cmHg, -67 cmHg, -70 cmHg, and -71.2 cmHg, while the drying times were varied at 8.2 hours, 9 hours, 11 hours, 13 hours, and 13.8 hours. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to analyze the individual effects and interactions of the two factors on final product moisture content. The results showed that both vacuum pressure and drying time significantly influenced moisture reduction, while their interaction effect was statistically insignificant. The optimum conditions were achieved at a vacuum pressure of -70.5 cmHg and a drying time of 12.6 hours, meeting the moisture content requirements based on SNI 8273:2023 standards. These findings are expected to serve as a practical reference for determining optimal operating parameters in freeze drying processes to improve efficiency and product quality.