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The application of the STAD type cooperative learning method (Student Teams-Achievement Divisions) is a relevant strategy in efforts to improve students' mathematical abilities. In this research, we examine the effectiveness of using the STAD type cooperative learning style in improving students' mathematical abilities. This approach involves dividing students into small teams to encourage collaboration, joint problem solving, and knowledge exchange. We evaluated the impact of implementing this learning model on students' mathematical abilities and gained insight into effective learning strategies in the context of improving mathematics achievement.

Monitoring the growth and development of a child can begin from conception and will continue until adulthood, this process is mutually continuous and continuous. The development of language skills, creativity, emotional awareness, and intelligence is an important phase in a child's growth and development and is the cornerstone of subsequent development. This study aims to evaluate the ability of early childhood to improve gross motor and fine motor development skills through sensory play activities. The method of delivering information using the media of story books (fairy tales), sensory game tools that previously the children were given directions one example of simulation, then the children were directed to do independently. the results of normative identification of children's growth and development, it can be seen that from the value (5-1) range always to never, overall participants play with the highest frequency in the range is always on the cognitive and social interaction, the second position in fine & gross motor skills, and third in terms of language development and problem solving skills. The highest score level after the game, cognitive development is very significant children are very enthusiastic to follow the game conducted in groups. This activity will be better if done on an ongoing basis because it is very beneficial for early childhood development.

The concept of algebra is very important in learning mathematics, students' ability to understand advanced mathematics lessons depends on mastery of algebraic concepts. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the errors that often arise when students solve algebra problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the errors of vocational students in class XI in solving algebra problems. This research uses a qualitative method that is analyzed descriptively. The research subjects were 28 students of class XI with the object of research, which is the errors that arise when students solve algebra problems. The results showed that based on Kastolan's Theory, procedural errors occur most often, followed by technical errors, and concepts.

This research aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the meaning and importance of family experiences in caring for elderly people with diabetes in the city of Depok. This research uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology method combined with in-depth interview methods. Participants in this study were the primary caregivers of elderly adults with diabetes who were collected using the criteria examining technique. Information collected in the form of audio recordings of interviews and field notes was analyzed using the Collaizi technique. This research identified 13 themes, namely changes in the elderly, ability to complete family health tasks, psychological responses, physical responses, economic responses, role responses, problem solving behavior, problem solving support, ideal life in the elderly. Capacity for services for the elderly, natural services, forms of service and respect for religious and cultural teachings.  

This research aims to determine the implications of collaborating group discussion methods with Problem Solving Learning in improving students' problem solving skills at SDN Pelita Jaya. This research uses qualitative research methods with a mini research approach to gain in-depth insight into interactions between students in structured learning. For three weeks, research was conducted at SDN Pelita Jaya involving sixth grade students. The group discussion method is used to facilitate student interaction in discussing Islamic ethical and moral values. Students are also given ethical situations or problems that require them to find solutions based on Islamic moral principles through the Problem Solving Learning approach. Qualitative data was collected through participant observation, interviews with students, and document analysis. The results of the analysis show a significant increase in students' ability to identify, analyze and overcome problems with a structured and directed approach. Apart from that, this collaborative learning method also strengthens student involvement in the learning process. This research provides in-depth insight into the positive potential of collaborative group discussion methods with Problem Solving Learning in improving students' problem solving skills. The results of these findings can provide a valuable contribution to the development of more effective learning strategies, especially in Islamic Religious Education subjects.

Education has a major role in the process of forming the character, ethics and morals of Gen-Z or the current generation. The subject that reflects several Islamic values is Fiqh. Students' understanding or interest in Fiqh subjects is still not optimal. So it is necessary to apply effective learning methods to increase student understanding. The demonstration method is one approach that is very suitable for achieving this goal. Because, students have the opportunity to see firsthand how the concepts in Fiqh can be applied in worship as well as everyday life . The process begins with a planning stage carried out with the teacher to identify various fiqh concepts that are confusing and often difficult for students to understand. Then there is a live demonstration where students actively participate in learning through observation and asking questions. Then the data was collected through interviews and observations of students, and qualitative analysis was carried out. Implementation will be greatly supported by the presence of materials or tools such as printed Fiqh of Worship books, visual presentation tools, animated videos and other multimedia support, while the instruments are still guided by interviews and observations . The demonstration method makes an important contribution to the development of students in critical thinking and solving problems, developing ethics and understanding related to worship in Fiqh. By formulating solutions, the ability to analyze problems, and also make ethical decisions. The right step in improving the development of the quality of Islamic religious education in the field of Fiqh in the context of worship is to use the demonstration method, because in this method, students will easily understand several concepts of worship in Fiqh by being more involved in learning and better.

The background for this service is due to problems that arise in class IV students at SD Negeri 1 Tualang Cut, Kab. Aceh Tamiang, namely some students have difficulty in solving problems regarding Indonesia's diversity, therefore student learning outcomes are low. One of the causes of this is due to the teacher's lack of ability to create interesting teaching aids, so that in the learning process students are less active and enthusiastic following ongoing learning. To overcome students' learning difficulties, PAKIN (Indonesian diversity board) is used so that students can be actively involved in learning. The approach or method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which is a research model that seeks something to connect the research process to the process of social change. This method aims to produce relevant knowledge. This activity was carried out at SD Negeri 1 Tualang Cut, Kab. Aceh Tamiang. With the "PAKIN" teaching aids, students can easily understand the diversity of Indonesia.

In higher education settings, undergraduates also face complex dynamics that include academic pressures, social changes, and personal development demands which can negatively impact aspects of psychological well-being in students. Various elements can affect a person's psychological well-being, including culture, age, gender, and the way a person interprets experiences in their life. This study aims to determine the effect of optimism and problem-solving skills on psychological well-being in college students. This research is correlational quantitative research. The subjects in this study amounted to 135 students. The sampling technique used is random sampling. The results showed that the F value was 152.525 with a significant value of p = 0.000 where (p <0.05) which means that there is a significant effect of optimism and problem-solving ability on psychological well-being, so Ha is accepted and the R2 coefficient value (R Square) of 0.835 or (84%) which this value shows the influence of optimism and problem-solving ability on psychological well-being by 84% while the remaining 16% is influenced by other variables not examined. This study concludes that optimism and problem-solving ability affect psychological well-being positively and significantly, which means that the more optimism and problem-solving ability increase, the more psychological well-being levels will increase

Abstract.  The purpose of this research is to identify the difficulties experienced by students in understanding the concepts, principles, and procedures in problems related to the material of lines and angles. This research is a qualitative study with a descriptive method. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII-1 at SMP Negeri 29 Medan. Data collection techniques included tests, interviews, and documentation. All students of class VIII-1 took a test on the understanding of concepts, principles, and procedures. Afterward, the test results were analyzed and categorized into three groups: high, medium, and low ability. Subsequently, two students from each ability group were selected as interview subjects. The results of this research indicate that the most common conceptual difficulty experienced by students is classifying objects according to their concepts in determining the type of angle according to its measurement. The most common principle difficulty experienced by students is connecting mathematical concepts in solving problems in the material of the relationship between angles formed by two parallel lines intersected by a transversal line. Meanwhile, the procedural difficulty experienced by students is that all students still make mistakes in explaining, planning, and applying the correct steps or algorithms in mathematical problems, both in the material of the relationship between lines, determining angles, and the relationship between angles formed by two parallel lines intersected by a transversal.  

This research aims to determine students' ability to understand mathematical concepts through the application of the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach and to find out how the students' answers process in solving problems on tests of students' ability to understand mathematical concepts after applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach in class VIII-1 of SMP Nurul Islam Indonesia Medan. This type of research is classroom action research through cyclical learning stages. The subjects of this research were 13 students in class VIII-1 of SMP Nurul Islam Indonesia Medan and the object of this research was the students' ability to understand mathematical concepts by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach to statistical material. Based on the research results, it was found that by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach, students' ability to understand mathematical concepts in statistical material in class VIII-1 at Nurul Islam Indonesia Middle School in Medan was improved, namely in cycle I the average student ability was only 30.76 with a completion percentage of only 8% of students completed. In cycle II the average student ability increased to 92.95 with a student completion percentage of 100%, so that students had met the classical completion percentage, namely ≥85%. The results of this research show that by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach to statistics material in class VIII-1 of Nurul Islam Indonesia Middle School in Medan, students can improve their ability to understand mathematical concepts.

This study aims to determine whether applying the Problem Based Learning model can improve the mathematical problem solving ability of students of class VIII-A SMP Negeri 1 Stabat on SPLDV. This research is a class action research conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of 2 meetings. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII-A SMP Negeri 1 Stabat totalling 30 students. The object of this research is the improvement of students' mathematical problem solving ability through the application of the Problem Based Learning learning model on SPLDV material at SMP Negeri 1 Stabat in the 2023/2024 school year. Based on the results of data analysis, the average initial test score was 47.11 with the number of students who reached mastery as many as 4 students (13.33%) and students who had not reached mastery as many as 26 students (86.67%). Then learning was carried out with the Problem Based Learning learning model in cycle I and there was an increase in the problem solving ability test with an average value of 63.44 with 19 students or as many as (63.33%). Then students who have not reached completeness are 11 students or as many as (36.67%). Then in cycle II there was an increase with the average value of the student problem solving ability test being 84.11, with a total completeness of 26 students or as many as (86.67%) and the number of students who had not reached completeness was 4 students or as many as (13.33%). The level of student completeness of the problem solving ability test given in cycle II reached the good category, therefore it can be said that learning has been achieved. Thus it can be said that the class has reached more than 85% of students who have been completed to solve problems. So it can be concluded that using the Problem Based Learning model can improve students' mathematical problem solving skills.

This research aims: (1) students' mathematical reasoning ability using the Discovery Learning learning model is higher than students' mathematical reasoning ability using conventional learning models in class VII MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli, (2) the process of solving answers made by students in solving problems in the Discovery Learning learning model and Conventional learning model. This type of research is quantitative research with Quasi-Experimental methods. This research was conducted at MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli. The sampling technique in this study uses Purposive Sampling techniques, namely class VII-A as a class taught with a Discovery Learning learning model and class VII-B as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instrument used was in the form of observation sheets and student mathematical reasoning ability test sheets in the form of 3 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used t-Test with Independent Sample t-Test technique with the help of SPSS 20 program. The results of this study showed that the average score of classes taught using the discovery learning model was 78,01 and classes taught using conventional learning models were 72,22. For hypothesis testing carried out using a t-test, from the calculation results obtained a value of  (2.664) >  (1.66757) with a Sig.2-tailed level of 0.010 < 0.05, which means that  rejected and  was accepted, so that it is concluded that there is a significant difference in the average mathematical reasoning ability of students using the Discovery Learning learning model and the Conventional learning model. Based on the analysis of the process of completing students' answers to the mathematical reasoning ability test that get Discovery Learning learning is better than students who get conventional learning.

Mathematical literacy is a person's ability to formulate, use and interpret  mathematics in various contexts of daily life problems efficiently. Literacy skills students not only have numeracy skills but also the ability to think logically and critically in solving problems. Mathematical literacy has a significant positive impact on students' critical thinking abilities. This research aims to describe the influence of mathematical literacy on students' critical thinking abilities in mathematics subjects. The method used in this research is a literature review. The results of this research show a strong relationship between mathematical literacy and critical thinking skills. Mathematical literacy involves understanding, using, and interpreting mathematical concepts in a variety of concepts, while critical thinking skills involve analysis, evaluation, and rational decision making. Mastery of mathematical literacy can improve students' critical thinking abilities, because mathematics involves problem solving and logical reasoning. Thus, developing mathematical literacy can contribute to improving students' critical thinking abilities

This research to find out to describe the ability to understand concepts of male and female students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 3 Sungguminasa in solving geometry problems. The type of research used is describtive research with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this research was students of class VIII.D SMP Negeri 3 Sungguminasa as many as 2 students, 1 male students and 1 female students who were selected based on the data of the highest report card scores. The instrument used is a concept understanding test and interview guidelines. The results showed that there were differences in the ability to understand concepts between female students and male students with the following descriptions: (1) the ability to understand concepts of female students in the triangle material was able to meet 5 indicators of understanding the concept of interpretting, exemplifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing and not fulfilling 2 indicators of understanding the concept of classifying and explaining. (2) the concept understanding ability of male students in the triangle material is able to meet the 4 indicators of understanding the concept of interpretting, exemplifying, classifying, inferring and not meeting the 3 indicators of understanding the concept of summarizing, comparing, and explaining. Thus it can be said that female students have a better understanding of concepts than male students.

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the problem-based learning model (PBL) with a STEM approach on the mathematical problem solving ability of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 17 Medan. This research was conducted at SMP N 17 Medan T.A 2023/2024. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. The sample of this study consisted of two classes, namely class VIII-3 as an experimental class taught with a PBL model with a STEM approach and class VIII-4 as a control class taught with conventional models. Based on descriptive statistics and categorization of research results, it was found that the mathematical problem solving ability of experimental class students was 67,74% of students in the high category, 32.26% of other students in the medium category, and no students in the low category. Meanwhile, in the control class, 15,63% of students were in the high level of problem solving ability, 53,13% were in the medium level and 31,24% of students were in the category low category. Thus it can be seen that the mathematical problem solving ability of grade students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is better than conventional learning models. Furthermore, with inferential statistical analysis for the t test, calculated t value = 2,42 and ttable = 1,999623, thus t calculated > t table means that the problem-solving ability of students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is not the same as students who use the learning  conventional model. With further analysis, Fcalculated = 5,6847 and F table = 3,998494482, then  calculated F > F table so it can be concluded that problem-based learning models with a STEM approach have a significant effect on students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

Since the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) at the end of 2015, it should encourage all economic actors, including SMEs and Micro Enterprises, to improve themselves in order to improve the quality of production of both goods and services. If this is not done, then Indonesia will be an "soft" market for other ASEAN countries because Indonesia has the largest population (population size) in ASEAN, namely no less than 270 million people. SMEs and Micro Enterprises, which are the embodiment of people's economic democracy, will be very hard hit if the heavy flow of goods and services from various ASEAN countries invades the Indonesian market. Realizing this, strengthening (empowering) SMEs and Micro Enterprises is a necessity and necessity to be able to find a national identity that has comparative advantage and competitive advantage. This activity begins with identifying existing problems and then finding a method for solving them. The method used is by providing training and mentoring. The results that have been achieved are the ability of the Traditional Cake business to optimize its sales by using local raw materials. In this way, the "best-selling" Traditional Cake Micro Business can improve its capabilities in the fields of production and business management and online marketing via social media. These outcomes are an indication of increased business empowerment.

Physical and cognitive development in middle childhood undergoes many significant changes. Children at this age develop problem-solving skills, abstract thinking, and language development in cognitive aspects. They have the ability to understand the concepts of time and space, as well as improve their reading and writing skills. At this stage, physical development includes rapid body growth, muscle strengthening, and improved motor coordination. Children usually experience rapid height growth and organ development. Physical activities and activities involving movement are becoming increasingly important for achieving an optimal level of physical fitness. These two components are interrelated, and good physical health can support cognitive development. Positive simulations, environmental factors, and education also played an important role in shaping the holistic development of the time.        

Mathematics lessons are lessons that are able to provide students with insight into gaining knowledge systematically or how to solve a mathematical problem. One of the goals of learning mathematics is to develop problem solving abilities. This indicates that problem solving is a very important ability to hone in learning mathematics. The method used is literature study or literature review. The study sources are in the form of reference books, published scientific journals, and references on websites accessed via the internet. Theoretical references obtained through literature study research will be used as the basic foundation and main tool for further practice which will be followed up with field research. Polya's theory is a systematic approach to solving mathematical problems which consists of four main steps, namely understanding the problem, planning a solution, implementing the plan, and checking again. This theory has been applied in various mathematics learning contexts, such as in analyzing the difficulty of solving mathematical problems on various materials and levels of difficulty.

According to the KBBI, the meaning of literacy itself, as reported on the Ministry of Education and Culture's official website, is the ability to write and read.  Etymologically, the term literacy itself comes from the Latin "literatus" which means someone who learns.  In this case, literacy is closely related to the process of reading and writing.  Literacy activities in the learning phase aim to develop the ability to understand texts and relate them to personal experiences, think critically, and process communication skills creatively through activities responding to the texts of enrichment books and textbooks.  Literacy or literacy is a general term that refers to a series of individual abilities and skills in reading, writing, speaking, calculating and solving problems at a certain level of expertise required in everyday life.  Benefits of literacy Expanding insight and knowledge.  Sharpen the ability to capture and understand information from reading.  Literacy is not the same as reading.  Reading and books are the surface technical and physical forms of literacy.  The essence of literacy is how humans gain knowledge and learn to gain knowledge.  Raising self-confidence in children is a parent's responsibility, although cultivating self-confidence is not an easy job.  Apart from requiring patience and example, parents must be clever in creating an atmosphere that is conducive to growing children's self-confidence.  Especially an atmosphere that is able to foster a child's sense of self-esteem which must be understood together, by building a child's self-esteem it will not automatically be able to grow a child's self-confidence.  However, if a child has a healthy sense of self-esteem by knowing and being able to accept himself as he is, including all his limitations, then he will be able to feel ashamed of himself and see everything as part of the reality of life.

This research is motivated by the lack of students' ability to solve problems. The purpose of this research is to find out how the ability to solve problems. The type of research used is descriptive-qualitative with a case study research design. The research subjects were in class XI TPM 1 which consisted of 18 students. The subject chosen for the interview was one student who was selected based on his test results. The research instrument was test results in the form of essays and interviews. The results of the research that has been done show that the most problem-solving abilities are at the re-examining stage.