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This study aims to produce a product in the form of learning media based on the renderforest website which is feasible as a medium for learning informatics for junior high school grade VIII in Samarinda. This research uses the type of Research and Development (R&D) research with the PPE model which consists of three stages namely Planning, Production and Evaluation. The research subjects involved 3 media experts and 1 material expert. The object of research is renderforest teaching materials on hardware material. The results showed that the development of renderforest tested by 3 media expert validators received a value of 164 which indicates the category “very feasible” to use. Testing by 1 material expert gets a percentage value of 60 which indicates the category “very feasible” to use. Thus, the development of renderforest on class VIII software material in Samarinda developed with the PPE model is declared very feasible based on the feasibility test of media and material experts.

This study examines the implementation of Project Based Learning (PjBL) in enhancing students’ understanding of moral values in Islamic Religious Education at the tenth grade of MA Yapina. The research is motivated by the urgent need to strengthen character education through learning experiences that are meaningful, contextual, and aligned with the challenges of contemporary moral degradation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study analyzes learning activities, instructional documents, and students’ project outputs to explore how PjBL shapes their comprehension of akhlak as both knowledge and practiced behavior. Findings indicate that PjBL encourages active participation, collaboration, creativity, and reflective thinking, enabling students to interpret moral values through real-life situations and group-based problem solving. Projects assigned to students, such as posters, videos, and thematic presentations, foster deeper understanding because they require the integration of moral concepts into practical tasks. The role of the teacher as a facilitator further supports the learning process by guiding students in inquiry and project management. Despite challenges such as variation in student discipline and time constraints, the overall implementation of PjBL demonstrates positive effects on students’ cognitive and affective grasp of moral values. This study underscores the relevance of PjBL as an innovative pedagogical model for Islamic Religious Education and highlights its potential for strengthening character formation in madrasah settings. It also suggests the need for further research involving direct classroom observations and interviews to enrich empirical evidence on the long-term impact of PjBL on student character development.

This study aims to describe how Citizenship Education (PPKn) is implemented to shape the character of second-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Sukamanah in Tanggeung, Cianjur. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, the research gathered data through classroom observations, interviews with teachers, and analysis of documentation related to learning activities. The findings show that PPKn learning delivered through teacher modeling, guided discussions, and consistent habitual practices effectively cultivates key character values, including discipline, honesty, responsibility, and tolerance. The integration of PPKn material with Islamic moral teachings further enhances students’ comprehension of their rights and obligations, while also reinforcing positive behavior in their daily routines. Despite these strengths, the study identifies several challenges, such as the limited availability of learning media and the diverse backgrounds of students, which influence the learning dynamics in the classroom. Overall, the results emphasize that PPKn serves as an essential foundation for character education, and its implementation needs to be continuously strengthened through innovative instructional approaches, supportive school policies, and active collaboration with students’ families to ensure optimal character development.

Soft skills are essential competencies that teachers must possess to create an effective, communicative, and student-centered learning process. However, the geographical conditions of SD Negeri 01 Saonek, which is located in an island area, present unique challenges, particularly related to limited access to travel outside the island and unstable communication networks. These limitations have resulted in teachers at the school not receiving adequate training in soft skill development, including communication, classroom management, and self-reflection abilities. To address this need, a socialization and training program based on microteaching was implemented as an effort to enhance teachers’ professional competencies. The microteaching method was chosen because it provides opportunities for direct practice, structured feedback, and simplified yet effective teaching simulations. The training was designed to help teachers understand good teaching techniques, build confidence, and strengthen interpersonal skills in instructional interactions. In addition, the collective feedback sessions offered participants chances to learn from one another and improve their teaching strategies based on peer observations. The results of the activity indicated an improvement in teachers’ ability to design lesson scenarios, manage classrooms, deliver material more clearly, and communicate more effectively with students. Teachers also reported increased motivation and a deeper understanding of the importance of soft skills in supporting their professionalism. Thus, the microteaching training provided new insights into the capacity-building process for teachers at SD Negeri 01 Saonek and served as a relevant solution for island schools facing limited access to conventional training. This program is expected to continue and become a model for empowering teachers in 3T regions to sustainably improve education quality.

Education is a fundamental right that must be fought for by every child in the nation, and throughout its development, it continues to undergo innovations and evaluations toward better quality. One educational model that is growing in Indonesia is the boarding school system, which has its own characteristics, advantages, and challenges. This study aims to describe the social studies (IPS) teachers’ strategies in boarding school–based learning, the implementation of IPS learning within the boarding school environment, and the obstacles faced by IPS teachers at MTs Darul Hikmah. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. The study was conducted at Pondok Modern Darul Hikmah Tulungagung, with seventh-grade students as research subjects. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show several factors that influence the low effectiveness of IPS learning in boarding schools, including the dense institutional activity schedule that reduces students’ learning focus, teachers’ limited mastery of the subject matter and classroom management, and the dual curriculum implemented simultaneously within the institution. Efforts to improve IPS learning effectiveness include enhancing teacher discipline when entering and leaving the classroom, utilizing audio-visual learning media, and connecting learning materials with current issues to make the lessons more relevant and engaging. Furthermore, the study reveals several advantages of boarding school–based education, such as fostering students’ independence, developing social awareness, providing deeper religious instruction, and integrating both general and religious education. Thus, IPS learning in boarding schools has the potential to develop more optimally with the support of appropriate learning strategies and more structured institutional management.

The Effect of the Team Assisted Individualization Type Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Geography Student Learning Outcomes in Grade X Students of Bolan State Senior High School. The background of this study is based on in initial observations by researchers at Bolan State Senior High School on class X.A and  X.B students, X.A Was used as an experimental group by implementing the team assisted invidualization.(TAI) coperatif learning model. The duration of this study, in a week in the form of 2x meetings for one month. The results of the study showed that there was an influence of the implementation of the cooperative learning model of the team assisted individualization (TAI) type on the learning outcomes of geography subjects of class X students of Bolan State Senior High School. Comprehensively, the results were (1) The learning outcomes of experimental class students in the initial test (pretest) showed that the average pre-test score on the Basic Knowledge of Geography material was 56.90 and the learning outcomes of experimental class students in the final test (posttest) showed that the average pre-test score on the Basic Knowledge of Geography material was 81.61. (2) The learning outcomes of the control class in the initial test (pretest) showed that the average pre-test score on the Basic Knowledge of Geography material was 51.24 while the learning outcomes of the control class in the final test (posttest) showed that the average pre-test score on the Basic Knowledge of Geography material was 72.72. Judging from the two trials, it showed that there was an increase in learning outcomes and the average score of the basic knowledge of geography material in the experimental class and the control class.

The low effectiveness of student organizational performance in designing and managing structured work programs presents a major challenge to strengthening the leadership culture at MTsN 1 Probolinggo. This community service program aims to enhance students’ managerial and leadership capacities through performance mentoring for the Intra-Madrasah Student Organization (OSIM), based on innovations in learning management. The methods employed include training sessions, workshops, and continuous mentoring, all designed collaboratively with school stakeholders. The activity stages began with a needs analysis and problem mapping, followed by the development of training modules, the implementation of organizational management training, and interactive workshops aimed at developing adaptive and applicable work programs. The proposed solutions encompass strengthening foundational understanding of organizational management, enhancing the role of members in program planning, and facilitating the implementation of OSIM activities that support the creation of an active learning environment. Evaluation was carried out through pre-tests and post-tests to measure comprehension improvement, field activity observations, and assessments of work program achievement. The results indicate significant improvements in participants’ cognitive and practical skills, particularly in the planning, execution, and evaluation of OSIM programs that are now more structured and goal-oriented. In conclusion, this community service activity successfully reinforced student leadership competencies through an innovative approach to managing student organizations, while also promoting the development of a sustainable culture of collaborative work. Based on the outcomes, it is recommended that this mentoring model be replicated in other madrasahs and that OSIM leadership development programs be systematically integrated into extracurricular curricula to ensure the continuity and expansion of the positive impacts achieved

The Effect of the Team Assisted Individualization Type Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Geography Student Learning Outcomes in Grade X Students of Bolan State Senior High School. The background of this study is based on in initial observations by researchers at Bolan State Senior High School on class X.A and  X.B students, X.A Was used as an experimental group by implementing the team assisted invidualization.(TAI) coperatif learning model. The duration of this study, in a week in the form of 2x meetings for one month. The results of the study showed that there was an influence of the implementation of the cooperative learning model of the team assisted individualization (TAI) type on the learning outcomes of geography subjects of class X students of Bolan State Senior High School. Comprehensively, the results were (1) The learning outcomes of experimental class students in the initial test (pretest) showed that the average pre-test score on the Basic Knowledge of Geography material was 56.90 and the learning outcomes of experimental class students in the final test (posttest) showed that the average pre-test score on the Basic Knowledge of Geography material was 81.61. (2) The learning outcomes of the control class in the initial test (pretest) showed that the average pre-test score on the Basic Knowledge of Geography material was 51.24 while the learning outcomes of the control class in the final test (posttest) showed that the average pre-test score on the Basic Knowledge of Geography material was 72.72. Judging from the two trials, it showed that there was an increase in learning outcomes and the average score of the basic knowledge of geography material in the experimental class and the control class.

Learning is the process of forming behavior or behaviorism and is seen from the cognitive aspect of students, in fact to support the achievement of ideal educational goals with the existing education system in Indonesia. In this research, the author is interested in researching students' cognitive aspects in line with 21st century learning to determine students' critical thinking abilities using the problem based learning model. This type of research is research using a quantitative research approach. The sample in this study was control class VII A students with a total of 13 students and VII B was an experiment with a total of 12 students at Halioam State Middle School, totaling 25 students. Data collection techniques use test questions and documentation, interviews. Data analysis used the independent sample t-test hypothesis test and the N-Gain score test. The results of the research show that the problem based learning model can have an influence on the critical thinking abilities of class VII students at Halioan State Middle School. This is proven by assessing students' critical thinking abilities using a hypothesis test using an independent sample t-test. The result was a 2-tailed sig of 0.000 < 0.05 so that there is an influence of the problem based learning model on Halioan State Middle School students' critical thinking abilitie.

The lack of interest of students in Fiqh learning is caused by the use of monotonous methods and media, which has an impact on the low activity of learning. To overcome this, interesting and interactive technology-based media innovations are needed. This research aims to develop a Quizlet-based learning media on the material of the Sacred Tools for class VII MTs Integrated Berkah Palangkan Raya to improve student learning activities. The research method uses the Researchand Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE development model which includes the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate stages. The subjects of the study were 36 students of grade VII A. Data were obtained through observation and questionnaire of student responses to the use of Quizlet media. The results showed that learning using Quizlet obtained an average percentage of 89% in the "very feasible" category. This proves that Quizlet media is influential in increasing students' activeness and involvement during the Fiqh learning process. It can be concluded that the use of Quizlet-based learning media is effective in creating a more interesting, interactive, and encouraging active participation of students. This research is useful for the development of digital learning media innovations in Islamic education and provides new alternatives for teachers in optimizing the teaching and learning process.  

Social studies learning as one of the progmatic components in the school curriculum is actually expected to support the achievement of the ideal goals of education. Through social studies education, students are fostered and developed their intellectual mental abilities to become citizens who are skilled and socially concerned and responsible in accordance with the values contained in Pancasila. Social studies learning contained in the educational curriculum is a simplification of learning materials from social science knowledge or concepts. The method in this study is research using a quantitative research approach. This research is descriptive. The sample in this study was 30 students of grade VIIIA (control) and VIIIB (experiment) of SMP Kristen Taaba District. Data collection techniques using test questions and documentation. Based on the results of research and discussion, and data analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the mind mapping learning model can affect the learning outcomes of social studies class VIII SMP Kristen Taaba District. Indicators of the assessment of learning outcomes can be seen from the students' posttest scores have increased. Based on the research objectives with the t-test hypothesis, an sg (2 – Tailed) value of < 0.05 is obtained which is 0.000 so that H0 is rejected meaning that there is an influence of the mind mapping learning model on the learning outcomes of social studies class VIII SMP Kristen Taaba District. In other words, the mind mapping learning model affects learning outcomes with categories that are quite effective.

Critical thinking skills are crucial in preparing students to face global challenges, particularly in economics, which utilizes the Merdeka curriculum based on a deep learning approach. The purpose of this study was to determine students’ critical thinking skills through the implementation of the ALBICI (Active Learning Based Interactive Conceptual) learning model within the Merdeka curriculum based on a deep learning approach. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design, conducted through reviews and observations at SMA Islam 1 Surakarta. The results indicate that the implementation of the ALBICI interactive learning model can improve critical thinking skills within the Merdeka curriculum based on deep learning. This study also provides valuable guidance for educators seeking to implement effective teaching practices to enhance student interest and motivation, thus optimizing classroom activities.

Education has long been recognized as a primary determinant of economic progress and human development , yet in the context of a global economy characterized by rapid technological change and the sustainability imperative, the focus shifts from the mere quantity of investment to its effectiveness in fostering sustainable economic growth. Current education systems face significant challenges, including a persistent global "learning crisis" , governance inefficiencies , and a misalignment between curricula and the demands of the labor market, particularly the green and digital economies. Given that existing literature often treats education investment as a static input and fails to holistically integrate sustainability and governance into the optimization process , this conceptual article aims to bridge these theoretical and empirical gaps by proposing an integrated model for the optimization of education investment for sustainable economic growth. The method involves a conceptual analysis that synthesizes human capital theory , endogenous growth theory , and the economics of sustainability , emphasizing the roles of governance, innovation, and inclusivity as mediating factors. The key finding of the study indicates that optimization necessitates a paradigm shift from input-oriented budgeting toward an outcome-based investment framework that holistically balances three crucial dimensions: efficiency (maximizing learning outcomes) , equity (ensuring inclusive access) , and relevance (alignment with sustainability needs). The resulting policy implications are delineated across the Macro (fiscal integration and sustainability strategies through performance-based funding) , Meso (institutions transform into adaptive innovation centers) , and Micro (enhancement of reskilling, upskilling, and human capital capacity) levels; by achieving this alignment, education successfully transitions from a cost center to a strategic catalyst driving sustained prosperity.    

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed the learning patterns of Generation Z, who tend to be visual, quick in accessing information, and highly engaged with interactive media. These characteristics pose challenges for history learning, which is often perceived as monotonous and focused on memorization. This study aims to examine the needs, urgency, and strategies for developing history teaching materials that are relevant and effective for Generation Z in the digital era. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through library research, the findings indicate that effective history materials should integrate digital media, apply active learning models, and connect historical content with students’ real-life experiences. Teachers play a key role as innovators by utilizing digital storytelling, virtual tours, gallery walks, and gamification. Integrating local history and national values is also essential to strengthen students’ national identity. This study emphasizes that developing digital history teaching materials is not merely about adopting technology but about creating meaningful, reflective, and generation-appropriate learning experiences.

Islamic Religious Education plays a pivotal role in the formation of students’ character, particularly within the setting of vocational health education. In light of the introduction of the Love-Based Curriculum initiated by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs, there is a pressing need for instructional strategies that effectively integrate the values of love, compassion, tolerance, and empathy into PAI teaching. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive description and critical analysis of the love-oriented PAI learning model implemented at SMK Kesehatan Athalla Putra Palembang, while also examining the challenges encountered and the solutions undertaken in its execution. The research adopts a qualitative field study approach, with data collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, as well as document analysis. The findings indicate that several strategies have been employed, including interactive lectures, collaborative group discussions, socially oriented project-based learning, and the utilization of media designed to promote compassion. The successful implementation of the Love-Based Curriculum in this context is shaped by factors such as teacher competence, institutional support, and the adequacy of educational facilities. Nevertheless, a number of obstacles were identified, namely time constraints, limited professional training for teachers, and resistance to pedagogical change. Despite these challenges, the applied strategies proved to be effective in enhancing both student motivation and character development. Accordingly, it is recommended that the institution reinforce teacher professional development programs, establish a more structured syllabus, and institutionalize love-based values within both assessment practices and the broader school culture.

This study aims to analyze learning motivation from an Islamic perspective through the integration of spiritual values, including intention (niyyah), sincerity (ikhlas), and divine reward (pahala). Unlike modern motivation theories that emphasize psychological aspects, Islam views learning as an act of worship that carries spiritual merit and divine blessing. This research employs a qualitative approach using the literature review method, conducted through the collection of scientific articles from Google Scholar and Publish or Perish databases published between 2020 and 2025. Five relevant articles were selected for in-depth analysis. The results reveal that learning motivation in Islam is not only influenced by cognitive and external factors but also by spiritual drives rooted in pure intentions, sincerity in action, and belief in divine reward. The integration of these three elements forms a holistic model of learning motivation that combines intellectual, moral, and spiritual dimensions. Therefore, Islamic education should embed the values of intention, sincerity, and reward as the foundation for fostering meaningful and spiritually oriented learning motivation among students.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategic role of the Green Human Resource Information System (Green HRIS) in bridging the transformation of human resource management with the demands of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles, specifically examining how Green HRIS contributes to sustainable HR practices, organizational performance, and digital HR transformation. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this study identifies, evaluates, and synthesizes prior research by conducting a structured search across major academic databases—Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Elsevier, and Wiley—for publications from 2020 to 2025 that address green HRM, HR digitalization, sustainable HR practices, and ESG integration. The review process includes screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, extracting key data, and categorizing findings into environmental, social, and governance dimensions. The results demonstrate that Green HRIS strengthens ESG implementation by reducing paper usage, lowering carbon emissions, and promoting sustainable HR practices such as digital recruitment and e-learning, while also improving governance through enhanced transparency, accountability, regulatory compliance, and real-time reporting. Empirical evidence indicates that Green HRIS fosters employee engagement, organizational innovation, and the development of green competitive advantages. Practically, the study highlights how organizations, policymakers, and HR managers can utilize Green HRIS to optimize digital transformation and meet ESG requirements, thereby reinforcing legitimacy and long-term competitiveness within the green economy. This research offers originality as one of the first systematic reviews addressing Green HRIS in the ESG era, integrating theories such as the Resource-Based View, Technology Acceptance Model, and organizational sustainability theory, while also mapping trends, best practices, and gaps for future research.

This research aims to determine the effect of learning using the Problem Based Learning model assisted by the Powtoon application on the learning outcomes of Class XI Madrasah Aliyah at the Islamic Education Park (TPI) Sawit Seberang. This research is a type of quantitative research with a Quasy Experimental Design. The research population was 36 students in class XI MIA A and 36 students in class XI MIA B, 36 students in class XI MIA C and 36 students in class, and X MIA C totaling 36 people as the control class. The instrument in this research is in the form of a test in the form of 30 multiple choice questions. Data analysis of student learning outcomes using the t-test formula, also with the help of SPSS version 25 data processing. Data analysis of student learning outcomes with the results of calculating the average learning outcomes shows that the experimental class which uses the Problem Based Learning models is higher than the control class. The prerequisite test is proven that the data is normally distributed and homogeneous. The results of the test calculation were obtained under count worth 9.709 and table worth 1.668 so that it shows tcount > table so Ha2 is accepted. The conclusions in this research explain that there are influences and differences before and after the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model on student learning outcomes in class XI Madrasah Aliyah at the Islamic Education Park (TPI) Sawit Seberang.

This study focuses on the development of a case study–based digital book aimed at improving learning quality in Office Management education, where students are required to master both conceptual understanding and practical decision-making skills. Despite the increasing use of digital learning resources in higher education, existing instructional materials often lack contextual integration between theory and real workplace scenarios, resulting in limited student engagement and insufficient opportunities for problem-based learning. To address this issue, the present research aims to design and develop an interactive digital book enriched with authentic case studies that align with course learning outcomes. The study employed a Research and Development approach using the 4-D model Define, Design, and Develop to produce learning materials validated by experts and tested through limited trials. The results show that the digital book achieved high feasibility, with an average expert validation score of 87.33%, while student responses reached 93.87%, indicating strong acceptance, improved motivation, and enhanced perceived understanding. The synthesis of these findings demonstrates that embedding case-based learning elements into digital book formats can effectively support critical thinking, contextual reasoning, and independent learning in Office Management courses. In conclusion, the developed digital book is classified as highly feasible for instructional use and holds substantial potential to enhance learning experiences, although further research is recommended to examine its broader effectiveness and long-term impact on student learning outcomes.

Entrepreneurship training is crucial for enhancing students' understanding and motivation in facing the evolving business world. This community service activity aims to strengthen students' entrepreneurial knowledge and motivation through interactive discussions and business practice simulations. The methods used included pre- and post-tests to measure changes in knowledge and motivation among 30 participating students. The results showed a significant improvement in the cognitive aspect, with the average student knowledge score increasing from 3.5 to 8.3. Furthermore, the motivational aspect also experienced a significant increase, from an average of 25.43 to 43.36, indicating a positive impact of the applied learning model. Overall, this training proved effective in improving students' readiness to understand business concepts and fostering an internal drive for entrepreneurship. Therefore, the interactive discussion model is recommended as a strategy for strengthening entrepreneurship in higher education environments, to provide practical experience while simultaneously increasing students' motivation for entrepreneurship.