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Abstract. Pedagogical competence is the main ability that educators must have to manage learning effectively. This research aims to discuss the meaning of pedagogical competence, the application of learning theories, and the role of information and communication technology in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. The research method used is literature analysis and theoretical study. The research results show that pedagogical competence includes the ability to understand student characteristics, design learning, and carry out comprehensive evaluations. The application of learning theories, such as behavioristic, cognitive, constructivist and humanistic, has been proven to support the effectiveness of PAI learning. Behavioristics helps build positive habits, cognitive improves deep understanding, constructivists encourage active participation, and humanistics develops students' potential holistically. Apart from that, the use of information and communication technology, such as e-learning, video conferencing and multimedia, is able to encourage learning that is innovative, interactive and in line with the needs of students in the digital era. Thus, the development of PAI teachers' pedagogical competence needs to continue to be improved through targeted training, optimal use of technology, and strengthening learning strategies to produce learning that is relevant to the needs of the times Abstrak Kompetensi pedagogik adalah kemampuan utama yang harus dimiliki oleh pendidik untuk mengelola pembelajaran secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas pengertian kompetensi pedagogik, penerapan teori belajar, serta peran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis literatur dan kajian teoritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi pedagogik mencakup kemampuan memahami karakteristik peserta didik, merancang pembelajaran, serta melakukan evaluasi secara komprehensif. Penerapan teori belajar, seperti behavioristik, kognitif, konstruktivistik, dan humanistik, terbukti mendukung efektivitas pembelajaran PAI. Behavioristik membantu membangun kebiasaan positif, kognitif meningkatkan pemahaman mendalam, konstruktivistik mendorong partisipasi aktif, dan humanistik mengembangkan potensi siswa secara holistik. Selain itu, pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, seperti e-learning, video konferensi, dan multimedia, mampu mendorong pembelajaran yang inovatif, interaktif, dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik di era digital. Dengan demikian, pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik guru PAI perlu terus ditingkatkan melalui pelatihan yang terarah, penggunaan teknologi secara optimal, dan penguatan strategi pembelajaran untuk menghasilkan pembelajaran yang relevan dengan kebutuhan zaman.

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted education, particularly in providing personalized learning and administrative efficiency. However, questions arise about whether the teacher's role remains relevant in this technological era. This study aims to examine the role of teachers in the context of AI development through a literature review method, analyzing previous research on AI integration in education. The findings reveal that while AI excels in data processing and adaptive learning, teachers maintain an irreplaceable role in building emotional connections, instilling moral values, and guiding students' character development. Teachers also act as mentors who provide motivation and facilitators who create interactive learning environments. These findings highlight the importance of collaboration between AI and teachers to create more inclusive and effective education. Therefore, AI should be seen not as a replacement but as a tool to enhance the teacher's role in fostering holistic student development.  

This study aims to analyze the role of educational supervision in enhancing teacher competence at MAS Tarbiyatul Islamiyah. Educational supervision is a strategic effort to improve the quality of teaching through professional teacher development. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that educational supervision at MAS Tarbiyatul Islamiyah significantly contributes to improving teacher competence, particularly in pedagogical and professional aspects. However, the implementation of supervision faces various challenges, such as time constraints, lack of supervisor training, and teacher resistance to supervision. Administrative supervision needs to be developed into clinical supervision that focuses more on personal guidance and skill enhancement for teachers. Recommendations include strengthening supervisor training, increasing technology integration in supervision, and conducting well-planned and continuous supervision. This study provides new insights into the importance of educational supervision in supporting teacher competency development in madrasahs and offers strategic implications for improving educational quality.

Islamic Religious Education is the most important component in life, acting as a foundation for thinking, acting, and behaving, both in the family and community environment. This study aims to analyze the role of teachers in improving student religiosity at SD Integral Hidayatullah Probolinggo, with a focus on the approach to religious education, the application of religious values ​​in daily activities, and positive habits. As a school that implements the full-day school concept. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach method with triangulation techniques, namely participatory observation of the school environment studied, in-depth interviews, and documentation of the research background, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman theory, namely: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. This study found that teachers have a central role in instilling religious values ​​through exemplary methods, interactive discussions, and routine activities, such as joint prayer and congregational prayer. In addition, this success is supported by adequate school facilities and an integrative curriculum that supports the teaching of religious values. However, the study also identified several obstacles, including the lack of support from students' families in continuing religious habits at home and the density of the academic curriculum. This shows the importance of synergy between schools, teachers, and families to create an environment that supports the continuous improvement of student religiosity. Thus, through increased collaboration between related parties, schools can be more optimal in achieving their goals of producing a generation with noble morals, faith, and strong character.      

The code of ethics for Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers plays an important role in increasing teacher professionalism in Indonesia. In the educational context, professionalism does not only include teaching skills, but also the moral and ethical attitudes that must be applied in carrying out their duties. Codes of ethics provide guidelines for teachers to act in accordance with established standards, which include responsibilities towards students, society and educational institutions. This research aims to analyze how the application of a code of ethics in the practice of Christian religious education can contribute to the development of teacher professionalism, as well as its impact on the quality of learning and the formation of student character. Based on a literature review, it was found that consistent application of a code of ethics helps teachers to maintain their integrity, improve relationships with students, and set a good example in everyday life. Therefore, increasing understanding and implementing a good code of ethics is very necessary to realize quality education that is beneficial for students' spiritual and moral development.

Abstract. In an increasingly modern and rapidly advancing era, namely where the advancement of digital era technology and knowledge, especially in the world of education, the role of teachers is very important to prepare a good generation, namely having a character in accordance with religious teachings and state norms and having communication skills. So the role of teachers is very important, especially religious teachers or Islamic religious education teachers. The purpose of this study was made where the progress of the digital era but there are still many shortcomings of students in having a character that is in accordance with religious and state law and there are still many shortcomings in communicating so that because character and communication are very important, especially in today's era and for the future, it is necessary to build student character and communication skills of students in this digital era, so in this study Islamic religious education teachers are taken or become roles in building character and communication skills of students in this digital era. As for the research method using a descriptive qualitative research method which takes data through observation, interviews, and documentation and also takes other literature that supports this research in order to become relevant research that is formed in the form of descriptive qualitative.

Christian teachers have an important responsibility in guiding students to know God's word and build a close relationship with God. This research aims to identify the role of Christian teachers in helping students face life's challenges through teaching based on spiritual and biblical values. The research was conducted using qualitative methods with a case study approach in one Christian school. The research results show that Christian religious teachers act as spiritual guides, role models and motivators for students to strengthen their faith, as well as provide solutions based on God's word in facing various life challenges. Thus, the role of Christian religious teachers is very strategic in forming students' characters who are spiritually and morally strong.

The role of the madrasa head as supervisor has been to try to support teacher professionalism through planning supervision programs, implementing and following up on the results of supervision evaluations, but up to now there are still teachers who do not understand the tasks that must be fulfilled by a teacher. This research aims (1) to determine the role of the madrasa head in improving the professionalism of teachers at MTSN 2 Medan, (2) to determine the implementation of the role of the madrasa head in improving the professionalism of teachers at MTSN 2 Medan. This research uses a qualitative approach with the case study method. There were 3 informants in this research, namely the Head of Madrasah, Deputy Head of Madrasah I, Head of Administration and also Teachers. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Data validity techniques use triangulation. The research results in this study are the role of the Madrasah Head at MTsN 2, through a clear vision, inclusive approach, comprehensive professional development program, use of data in decision making, and prioritization of student welfare, has succeeded in creating a school environment that is conducive to improving quality. education and teacher professionalism. The innovations carried out by the Madrasa Head at MTsN 2 have succeeded in improving the professionalism of teachers and staff, as well as the overall quality of education.

The Indonesian economy is facing serious challenges such as financial instability, high unemployment and the threat of a middle income trap. To overcome this, it is necessary to develop human resources that are oriented towards entrepreneurship. Education is the key in creating creative, innovative and tough individuals. This research aims to examine the role of teachers in forming students' entrepreneurial spirit through the "Business Day" extracurricular program at SDI Baiturrahman Bagor. This research uses a qualitative approach method with analyzing materials, observations and interviews with sources. This research identifies three main roles of teachers, first the teacher as a learning facilitator, second the teacher as a mentor, and finally the teacher as an evaluator. This research aims at the active role of teachers in implementing the program to foster students' entrepreneurial spirit.

Teachers have an important role iin shaping the character of early childhood through directed and loving education. At this stage, critical period of development, where basic values such as honesty, responsibility, empathy and discipline begin to form. Teachers not only act as educators, but also as role models who provide real examples of positive behavior. Through daily interactions, teachers help children understand social norms, manage emotions, and build healthy relationships with peers and the surrounding environment. Character education provided by teachers is often carried out through playing, telling stories, or fun group discussions. These activities are designed to instill moral values ​​in a way that is relevant and easy for children to understand. Teachers also create a supportive learning environment, where children feel safe to explore, learn and interact. With a warm and caring approach, teachers help children develop self-confidence and the ability to recognize and overcome challenges.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pemimpin wanita dalam pendidikan Islam, khususnya di Madrasah Aliyah, yang sering dihadapkan pada stereotip gender dan keterbatasan sumber daya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan kepemimpinan transformasional dan partisipatif oleh Dwi Lisa Yudhistira, S.Pd., di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Falah dan memahami dampaknya terhadap kualitas pendidikan di madrasah tersebut. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode studi kasus, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan transformasional Dwi Lisa, yang berfokus pada visi, inspirasi, dan motivasi, berhasil menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang dinamis dan kolaboratif. Pendekatan partisipatifnya meningkatkan kolaborasi dan rasa memiliki di antara guru, staf, dan siswa. Meskipun menghadapi stereotip gender, Dwi Lisa mampu mengatasinya melalui konsistensi kinerja dan inovasi, termasuk integrasi teknologi dan diversifikasi program ekstrakurikuler. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan praktis tentang peran kepemimpinan wanita dalam pendidikan Islam dan dapat menjadi referensi bagi institusi lain dalam mengembangkan kepemimpinan yang efektif dan inklusif.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif menggunakan aplikasi Lumio By Smart untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan keefektifan siswa dalam mempelajari materi “Adab Seorang Muslim Terhadap Orang Tua dan Guru” pada mata pelajaran Akidah Akhlak untuk siswa kelas VIII. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model pengembangan 4-D yang meliputi tahap pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), pengembangan (develop), dan penyebaran (disseminate). Tahap pendefinisian (define) mengidentifikasi kebutuhan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi untuk proses pembelajaran yang lebih inovatif dan menarik. Tahap design menghasilkan storyboard dan template untuk presentasi dan game edukasi. Tahap develop menghasilkan prototipe media pembelajaran berdasarkan rancangan. Validasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi media. Media presentasi terdiri dari  PowerPoint yang berisi materi dan game edukasi yang menarik. Media permainan edukatif dirancang sebagai bahan refleksi siswa. Hasil validasi ahli menunjukkan kelayakan sebesar 70% untuk aspek media dan 79% untuk aspek materi, keduanya masuk dalam kategori “layak”. Media pembelajaran diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan keefektifan siswa dalam mempelajari materi melalui presentasi interaktif dan permainan yang mudah diakses. Media pembelajaran interaktif yang dikembangkan menggunakan aplikasi Lumio By Smart ini layak untuk disebarluaskan dan dapat menjadi alternatif bagi guru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis teknologi.

Work motivation is one of the key factors that contribute to improving teacher performance in education. This study aims to analyze the role of work motivation in improving teacher performance at SMP Bina Siswa, Laud Dendang. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires and interviews with teachers and school management. The results of the study indicate that good work motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic, significantly affects teacher productivity and performance quality. Factors such as awards, recognition, a conducive work atmosphere, and support from school leaders have proven to be the main drivers in improving teacher work motivation. Thus, it is important for schools to continue to pay attention to the motivational needs of teachers in order to create a supportive work environment and improve the quality of education at the school.

The aim of this research is to find out how Islamic Religious Education teachers at SDN 02 Maek, Limapuluh Kota Regency contribute to the implementation of mandatory student prayers. Data was collected for this research using qualitative descriptive methodology through observation, interviews and documentation. Even though elementary school learning hours are limited to performing midday prayers in congregation at PAI schools, teachers still carry out their role in helping students perform obligatory prayers, according to research findings. This is what happened to the Islamic Religious Education Teacher at SDN 02 Maek. At SDN 01 Maek, PAI professors participate in student prayer in several ways, including: The instructor provides information about prayer and applies it to students' actual situations. Islamic Religious Education Teachers convey information by connecting what they have learned so far with what students already know. Religious Education in Islam Teachers inspire students to participate in obligatory prayers by providing examples and inspiration regarding the importance of doing so. Religious Education in Islam By requiring children to pray every day at every school level, teachers provide direction and guidance. Religious Education in Islam Teachers educate by encouraging students to understand the meaning of each movement in prayer. Teaching the Islamic faith Instructors work with parents of students. Religious Education in Islam Instructors assess their students' ability to perform the required prayers.

The role of teachers in enhancing students' active participation in the learning process, which is considered an important element in the success of teaching and learning activities. This study applies a descriptive qualitative approach and literature review to recognise the various elements that impact on student participation, including internal (psychological and physiological) and external (non-social and social) factors. The article also examines learning strategies such as problem-oriented learning, active learning and project-based learning to enhance student engagement. In addition, methods such as ‘Index Card Match’ and discovery-based learning models are used to increase student participation. The results showed that students' participation contributed significantly to their learning achievement, both through active involvement in discussions and the courage to ask questions. The author suggests the application of creative teaching methods as well as efficient teacher questioning skills to optimise students' participation potential in the classroom.

The role of school principals holds crucial significance in enhancing educational quality of education, especially through strengthening and empowering the professionalism of educators. This article discusses the diverse aspects of principal leadership and its effect on teacher performance within the school setting. The principal not only functions as an administrative manager, but also acts as an educator, innovator, as well as a motivator who can guide teachers in realizing educational goals. In their capacity as leaders, school principals have the responsibility to create a positive work culture, provide professional support, and formulate policies and strategies to improve teacher competence. Various efforts to develop teacher professionalism, such as training, certification programs, and advanced studies, are key for improving the quality of teaching in schools. The article also identifies the role of school principals in managing changes and challenges in the world of education, as well as the importance of support from various parties to create an environment that supports teacher development. The results of the study indicate that effective leadership of school principals is able to improve teacher performance, which is further a determinant factor in the success of the education system as a whole.

Questioning skills are skills that teachers must develop in the teaching and learning process. The aim of this research is to illustrate how teachers' questioning skills play an important role in stimulating the cognitive development of early childhood. This research method uses descriptive qualitative research which collects data through interviews, documentation and observation. The subjects of this research were young children who received institutional education. In fact, teachers' questioning skills have been proven to have a significant impact on the cognitive development of young children. Teachers' questioning skills can increase children's curiosity and improve children's memory, imagination and creativity in finding answers in the teaching and learning process. It can be concluded that teachers' questioning skills play a very important role in improving children's cognitive development. Because through these questions children can continue their thinking processes, obtain new information and expand their knowledge.

Upacara bendera di sekolah dasar memiliki peranan penting dalam menanamkan sikap nasionalisme pada siswa. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan upacara bendera secara rutin dapat membantu peserta didik memahami dan tanah air dan penghargaan terhadap keragaman budaya. Selain itu, kegiatan ini juga memberikan pengalaman langsung dalam menaati aturan, seperti berpakaian rapi dan berperilaku disiplin, yang merupakan bagian dari pembentukan karakter yang bertanggung jawab dan disiplin. Namun, tantangan yang dihadapi adalah penurunan semangat nasionalisme dikalangan generasi muda, termasuk siswa sekolah dasar. Oleh karena itu, kolaborasi antara guru, keluarga, dan pihak sekolah sangat diperlukan untuk mengembangkan program yang dapat menguatkan jiwa nasionalisme secara berkelanjutan. Guru berperan penting dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai ini melalui pendekatan pembelajaran yang relevan, baik di dalam maupun di luar kelas. Saran untuk kepala sekolah dan pengajar adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang penanaman sikap nasionalisme, serta memberikan motivasi kepada siswa mengenai pentingnya pelaksanaan upacara bendera. Dengan demikian, diharapkan siswa dapat menunjukkan sikap dan perilaku yang baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, yang mencerminkan nilai-nilai Pancasila dan karakter yang bermoral. 

This research aims to analyze the role of Driving Teachers in helping to make the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum successful in the 19 Peninjauan Elementary Schools (SD). The Independent Curriculum is an educational policy that aims to provide freedom to educational units in designing learning that is more flexible, meaningful and in accordance with the needs of students. Mobilizing Teachers, as agents of change, are expected to play an important role in the successful implementation of this curriculum. The research method used in this research is qualitative with a literature review approach. The results of the research show that the Mobilization Teacher at SDN 19 Peninjau acts as a learning facilitator, leader of change, and motivator for his colleagues in the successful implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. Mobilizing Teachers not only focus on teaching in the classroom, but also play an active role in developing the professionalism of other teachers and establishing a school culture that supports the principles of the Independent Curriculum. However, challenges such as limited resources, uneven understanding of the Independent Curriculum, and resistance to change are still the main obstacles.

This study explores the strategic role of teachers in education and society and the challenges they face in integrating technology in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. Using a qualitative approach based on literature studies, this study analyzed four relevant articles. The findings show that teachers have a multifaceted role, including as educators, mentors, motivators, and agents of social change. Teachers are expected to be able to adapt to technological developments to create relevant learning for generation Z, such as through the implementation of the flipped classroom method and project-based learning. However, limited infrastructure and technology training are major challenges. This study emphasizes the importance of continuous training and policy support to support teacher professionalism in meeting the demands of modern education. This study also identifies the need for further research to address gaps in technology training, especially in areas with limited access..