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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector, including Kirimi dessert, a home store located on Jalan Noja I, Kesiman Petilan Village, Denpasar. This study aims to identify problems and provide solutions for Kirimi dessert MSMEs in facing challenges during the pandemic. The business, which focuses on making mille crepes and various desserts, faces several main obstacles such as limited production space, inability to fulfil orders when demand is high, and lack of promotion and personal branding. The research methodology used a qualitative approach through interviews and discussions with the business owner. The solutions offered include the development of MSME innovation, business expansion, and increased promotion through logo design, packaging, and social media optimisation. The implementation of this solution is expected to help MSMEs increase market reach and sales during the COVID-19 pandemic.  

Stunting is a health problem caused by a lack of nutritious food intake that the body needs. Stunting occurs from the womb, and is visible when the child develops at the age of two years. Literacy about healthy living environments and nutritious food to prevent stunting is very important for families, parents, caregivers, BKB administrators, and community service instructors themselves. Superior human resources come from the formation of character and way of life at an early age in the family. Optimizing the formation, improvement, understanding and role of parents in a healthy living environment and nutritious food needs to be fulfilled to provide the best stunting prevention that can be done.At this moment, the extension team provides assistance in delivering material on a healthy environment and nutritious food to prevent stunting. The delivery of this material serves to provide knowledge and experience related to stunting prevention. And the benefit is that participants get material, knowledge, knowledge and share experiences and solutions so as to produce participants who understand and understand more about a healthy environment and nutritious food to prevent stunting.This service is carried out for BKB participants in the RW. 05 Bandulan subdistrict, Sukun sub-district, Malang city, with around 40 participants. The aim of implementing this service is to help provide environmental literacy programs for healthy living and nutritious food to prevent stunting and change it. It is hoped that this service will also provide benefits for consideration, adding information and insight related to stunting prevention and the performance of BKB RW 05 Bandulan sub-district.

Stunting is a public health issue that can adversely affect children's growth and future prospects. Stunting poses a threat to the achievement of the second global Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). One effort to address this problem is by providing knowledge to the community about stunting. This effort can be pursued through activities such as stunting seminars. A seminar was held in Kedungjambe Village on November 20, 2024, with the theme "United Against Stunting: Realizing a Golden Generation." The methods employed included observation, solution formulation and planning, implementation, and evaluation. The outcome of this community engagement activity showed high enthusiasm among seminar participants regarding stunting issues, accompanied by a solid understanding of the material presented.

Hypertension is a disease that is most commonly suffered by Indonesian people and can occur due to one of the problems that often arises from changes in lifestyle, such as consuming foods with high salt levels, obesity and stress. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and adherence to a low salt diet in hypertensive patients at GB3 Murmur Memorial Hospital Medan. This research design uses descriptive correlation research with a cross sectional study approach. The data collection technique was carried out using total sampling with a total of 48 patients as respondents. The instrument used to collect data is a questionnaire. From the results of data processing using the Rank Spearman statistical test in SPSS For Windows 27 with a significance level of 95% (α = 0.05), a positive correlation value of 0.375 was obtained and a significant value of 0.009 (p<0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between family support and adherence to a low salt diet. For future researchers to make more samples and add independent variables such as knowledge, education, attitudes or motivation, the role of health worker.

Electronic cane: It is an electronic cane designed in the shape of a long white cane, but it provides the blind with ultrasonic frequencies that he can feel under his hand and through an audible alarm when it hits a certain obstacle in its path{1}. It can also detect obstacles in all directions at a distance of five meters. The ends of this cane are made of lead. The International Federation of the Blind, which is one of the organizations affiliated with the United Nations, has declared October 15 of each year as the International Day of the White Cane for the Blind, due to the utmost importance of the white cane for the blind, as it makes him depend on himself after God. This dependence is foldable and is stronger and lasts for a long time. It is important to note here that the white cane with a red stripe placed on the lower part of the cane symbolizes the person's suffering from loss of vision with deafness or hearing impairment.  Regardless of the type and shape of the white cane, it has become a symbol of the blind person’s independence and his ability to move, work and integrate into society like other individuals. It guides him to directions, barriers and obstacles and spares him the need to touch things that may be difficult or dangerous to touch, thus protecting him from many harms, in addition to providing him with a lot of information that he lacks due to his lack of sight and the inability of the other senses to provide him with it.

The adrenal cortex synthesis the steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), has a significant effect on diabetes mellitus. Our study targeted to estimate the relationship between serum levels of DHEA sulphate (DHEAS) and the risk of CAD complication for T2DM in men. Ninety Iraqi male subjects were divided into three groups. Each group has thirty people: thirty people type 2 with diabetes mellitus, thirty person type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with CAD complications, and the control group has thirty healthy people. A significant decrease (p<0.01) of DHEAS, was observed in T2DM with CAD (120.8 µg/dl) compared to both T2DM (141.26 µg/dl) and the control group (239.86 µg/dl). Meanwhile, an increased coronary risk index in T2DM with CAD (10.68) compared to both T2DM (7.56) and control group (4.41) was observed. These findings were confirmed by the negative correlation of DHEAs with coronary risk index. We suggested that a decreased level of DHEAS value may be a beneficial sign for future CAD in patients with T2DM.

Back ground: Autosomal genetic diseases throughout North America are propagated by CF, which is seen in 1 out of 2000 Caucasians. This sickness can in most cases be undetected and is nongendered with a global impact and targets all ages. By the impaired mucocilliary clearance in the trachea and bronchi, and the inability to maintain innate defenses, acute and recurrent bacterial infections, airways obstruction and inflammation and chronic bacterial infections are aggravated. Aim of study: The study aims to isolate and identify bacterial species related to respiratory fibrosis and to do the susceptibility test to those species. Methodology: The study was carried out between January-July 2024, 80 cystic fibrosis patients admitted in Mirjan hospital, 50 came outpatients clinic and 30 found sleeping in the hospital (Eighteen in the respiratory lobbies and 12 in the intensive care unit (ICU)), patient age range between 20-80 years old, and include both gender, 28 females and 52 male.es). By using sterile labeled machines every patient provide sputum that was transported to laboratory directly after collection and stored in 4 C temperatures until culture. All samples of sputum were cultivated for twenty-four hours at 37 degrees Celsius in an incubator utilizing MAConkey and Blood agars. Thereafter, samples were streaked unto several selective and differential media where bacterial colonies matured to reveal their biochemical characteristic after 24hrs of incubation. Results: The current study's results indicated that age has an impact on microbial CF infection. Of the 80 total patients, 9 sample in the age group of 20–30 years had a percentage of 11.25%, while 11 patients in the age group of 31–40 years had a percentage of 13.75%, 16 patients in the age group of 41–50 years had a percentage of 16.25%, and 17 patients in the age group of 51–60 years had a percentage of 21.25%. The current study confirmed that infection rates increase with age. In terms of gender, the study show that males are more likely than females to get infections. with 52 males in the (65%) percentage and 28 females in the (35%), Ten patients are in the 71–80 age range, and twenty patients are in the 61–70 age group. Conclusion: The kind of bacterial strain, the patient's immunological condition, and the usage of contaminated medical equipments are some of the factors that affect transmission. During treatment, all CF patients colonized or infected with the primary pathogens discussed in this article must be kept in a single room to prevent nosocomial dissemination of the microorganism to other patients. Despite the intricacy of the epidemiology of bacterial infections in CF patients, the average lifespan of these individuals continues to increase.

In the pre-operative phase, clients experience various discomforts that arise due to ignorance about the procedure, fear of surgery and uncertainty of the results of the operation. One of the problems that often arises is anxiety. . Efforts to reduce anxiety levels in pre-operative patients are by providing Al-Qur'an murottal therapy. Al-Qur'an murottal therapy is one of the therapies that can provide a calming effect on the soul and eliminate anxiety. The results of community service showed that before being given murottal therapy, 72.2% of participants experienced moderate anxiety and after being given intervention, 83.3% of participants experienced a decrease in anxiety to the mild anxiety category. The time that can be applied in providing Al-Qur'an murottal therapy is at least 15 minutes to provide a relaxing effect and reduce anxiety in pre-operative patients.

Soil fertility is a key element in the sustainability of agricultural systems that support global food security. One important soil microorganism that plays a role in improving soil fertility is Rhizobium, a bacterium capable of biological nitrogen fixation through a symbiotic relationship with leguminosae plants. This bacterium not only contributes to increasing soil nitrogen availability by 30-50% but also helps reduce dependence on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, which has implications for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of Rhizobium is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as pH, salinity, and chemical pollutants, which can inhibit its symbiotic ability. Technological innovations, such as nano-based formulations and the development of superior strains, offer solutions to improve the efficiency of Rhizobium, but challenges such as high costs and lack of policy support remain. In addition, the widespread use of Rhizobium inoculants may disrupt the balance of the soil microbial ecosystem, requiring further research. Therefore, integration of technology, policy and farmer education is needed to optimally utilize the full potential of Rhizobium while mitigating environmental risks, to support a more sustainable agricultural system.

Soil fertility is an important element in agricultural sustainability, especially in supporting plant growth. One natural way to increase soil fertility is through Biological Nitrogen Fixation (FNB) by Rhizobium bacteria. These bacteria have a symbiotic relationship with legume plants, forming root nodules that convert atmospheric nitrogen into compounds that plants can absorb, such as ammonium (NH4+). The purpose of this article study is to determine the potential of Rhizobium bacteria in increasing and efficiency of nitrogen fixation which has an impact on soil fertility and increasing plant productivity. This study adopts a library research method or approach, which involves a series of systematic activities, starting from collecting data through various library sources, reading in depth, recording important information, to processing the research materials. The study results show that Rhizobium can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, increase soil fertility, and produce growth hormones that support nutrient absorption. These findings emphasize the important role of Rhizobium in supporting sustainable agriculture, especially in tropical regions where access to synthetic fertilizers is minimal.

The use of fertilizer in plant cultivation is basically carried out to meet the availability of nutrients for plants in order to obtain optimal results. However, excessive use of fertilizer can actually have a negative impact on the ecosystem, such as environmental pollution and decreasing soil quality. The use of biofertilizer as a substitute for biological fertilizer is an alternative that can be used to reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizer is a biological fertilizer containing various live microorganisms which is used to increase plant productivity by improving the quality of soil fertility. One of the microbes that acts as a biofertilizer is the Bacillus sp. The purpose of this article is to find out how Bacillus sp. functions as a biological fertilizer that can increase soil fertility and increase crop productivity. Bacillus is a genus of bacteria that can be used as a biofertilizer because of its more varied antagonistic mechanisms and ability to produce endospores. The method used in this article is a meta-analysis or literature review method in several journals published online which are integrated with Google Scholar.

Microorganisms are highly beneficial in sustainable agriculture as they are key components of the soil ecosystem and participate in various processes that enhance soil fertility, improve crop quality, and reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals. This study employs a meta-analysis or literature review method to examine previous research on the role of microorganisms in agriculture, specifically on how microorganisms play a critical role in sustainable farming. Most available studies rely on qualitative data or case studies, limiting the ability to conduct more in-depth quantitative analysis. The results indicate that waste processing into organic compost fertilizer is crucial. Applying organic farming methods improves crop quality while maintaining ecosystem balance.

Agricultural microbiology plays an important role in supporting the sustainability of the agricultural sector, contributing to global food security. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae, have various roles in increasing soil fertility, controlling plant pathogens and supporting biodiversity. This research aims to explore the role of microbiology in supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture. Through observations of various applications of microorganisms in agriculture, it was found that microorganisms can function as biopesticides, biofertilizers and organic waste processors. The research results show that microorganisms are able to optimize agricultural yields, improve soil health, and reduce dependence on synthetic chemicals.

Agricultural waste treatment is an organism that offers innovative solutions to reduce the negative environmental impact of waste while increasing agricultural productivity. By using microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, wastes such as straw, manure, and coffee grounds can be effectively treated. This biological process accelerates the decomposition of organic matter into more benign substances and nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are essential for plant growth. In addition to improving soil fertility, the use of organic fertilizers also reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, greenhouse gas emissions, and sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microbiology in agricultural waste transformation by examining its mechanisms, potentials, and challenges. The results of this study show that microorganism-based technologies contribute to more environmentally friendly practices and reinforce fundamental economic principles. Processing agricultural waste into organic fertilizer is a strategic step in realizing sector sustainability.

The enhancement of student learning outcomes is a primary goal of various innovations in teaching methods. This study systematically reviews the effectiveness of cooperative learning methods, specifically Jigsaw Learning and Numbered Heads Together (NHT), in improving student learning outcomes. Using a systematic literature review approach, the research analyzes twelve studies published between 2019 and 2025 that compare these two methods. The findings indicate that both Jigsaw Learning and NHT possess unique strengths; Jigsaw Learning fosters deep understanding through collaborative expertise, while NHT promotes active participation through structured discussions. Despite some studies showing no significant differences in effectiveness, others highlight context-dependent advantages of each method. The implications suggest that educators should consider the specific learning objectives and student characteristics when selecting or combining these methods to optimize educational outcomes.

Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) are a manifestation of people's sovereignty and the implementation of democracy in Indonesia, as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution. This study examines the role of the Constitutional Court (MK) in resolving disputes over regional election results. The method used is normative juridical legal research, analyzing relevant regulations and literature. The MK holds permanent authority to adjudicate Pilkada disputes, replacing the Supreme Court. The impact of MK's decisions includes the implementation of Re-voting (PSU), which strengthens the legitimacy of Pilkada results and influences local political stability. However, challenges such as the complexity of evidence and reliance on the MK highlight weaknesses in the oversight system.  

Social media has changed the way people communicate and share information, opening up great opportunities as well as challenges such as hoaxes and polarization. In Indonesia, these platforms have become important spaces for public discussion, especially in politics. Wise management is needed for social media to support transparency, accountability and democracy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of social media in constitutional dispute resolution, identify challenges that arise, and provide recommendations for wise management so that social media can support transparency, accountability, and democratic principles. This research uses a normative method. Social media has a major role in constitutional disputes, both as a tool for information dissemination and a space for public discussion. On the one hand, social media helps transparency, participation, and community mobilization in constitutional issues. However, on the other hand, it also poses challenges such as disinformation, hoaxes, and political polarization that can escalate conflicts. Regulation and supervision are needed to address the misuse of social media without compromising freedom of expression. Digital literacy education is also important to encourage responsible use of social media, so that it can be a tool to support democracy and peaceful dispute resolution. Social media can worsen the political situation through hoaxes and hate speech. Therefore, clear regulations are needed to prevent abuse without reducing freedom of speech. Policy reforms that balance surveillance and freedom of expression are important, with collaboration between the government, platforms and communities to create a safe digital space. Digital literacy also needs to be improved so that people can sort out information and support political stability.

This study examines the use of language in the lyrics of "Bukti" by Virgoun as a means of expressing and communicating emotions deeply. Applying Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory, the research focuses on how linguistic elements such as metaphor, simile, and personification are employed to respond to and depict emotional experiences related to themes of love and devotion. Document analysis method was employed to investigate the structure and meaning content in the song lyrics, identifying emerging themes and the complex relationships among textual elements. Findings reveal that "Bukti" not only conveys profound messages about the complexities of human emotions in romantic relationships but also presents meanings that resonate deeply with listeners through simple yet nuanced language. The implications of this study significantly enrich our understanding of the role of music as a powerful medium for expressing and communicating the essence of human emotions universally. This research contributes to deepening insights into the language in song lyrics as a form of artistic expression that influences and enriches human experiences broadly.

Pancasila education as a fundamental subject in shaping the nation's character needs to be adapted to technological developments in the digital era. Innovative learning methods that utilize information and communication technology can increase the effectiveness of learning and the relevance of Pancasila values for the younger generation. This journal discusses various innovations in learning methods that can be applied in Pancasila education, the challenges faced, and their impact on the understanding and application of Pancasila values among students.

The purpose of this study is to see how local folktales and science concepts can be used as learning resources in Natural and Social Science lessons in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). In this study, qualitative methods and content analysis techniques were applied to relevant local folktales. The main data sources were folktales from various regions in Indonesia, which were selected based on their relevance to science concepts in the IPAS curriculum. Data collection was conducted through document analysis of folktales, interviews with IPAS teachers, and observations on how folktales are applied in classroom learning. Using a descriptive approach, the data collected was analyzed to find and categorize the science concepts contained in the folktales. In addition, it was assessed the possibility of folklore can be used as learning media. The results showed that local folktales have great potential as a source of IPAS education covering physics and chemistry concepts, as well as natural phenomena and animal and plant life. Students can gain a better understanding of science concepts through folktales, which are more contextualized and easy to understand. Thus, folktales can be incorporated into IPAS learning to improve students' understanding, enrich their learning experience, and raise awareness of the importance of environmental conservation. In addition, this study suggests the creation of folklore-based learning modules and teacher training programs to maximize this potential.