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The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) industry increasingly relies on automation and digitalization to improve efficiency and accuracy in production and distribution processes. One common practice is the use of labels containing product information in the form of barcodes or QR codes, which allow automatic data input and reduce the risk of human error compared to manual writing. However, in current practices, these labels are only attached to PCBs after they have been placed inside casings. This creates a significant limitation, as access to the label information requires disassembling the casing whenever product verification, tracking, or troubleshooting is needed. Such a process not only consumes additional time and resources but also increases the risk of damaging the product. To overcome this challenge, this study proposes the development of a traceability system designed to accurately monitor the location, identity, and status of PCBs throughout the distribution process. The system was implemented as a web-based application capable of generating and printing product information labels in the form of barcodes and QR codes. Each label functions as a unique identifier, ensuring that every PCB can be distinctly tracked from production to final product assembly. All data associated with the labels is automatically stored in a centralized database, providing real-time accessibility, simplifying information management, and enabling faster decision-making in the event of quality control issues. System evaluation was carried out through rigorous testing, which showed a 100% success rate in generating, storing, and retrieving product information without errors. The findings indicate that the proposed traceability system is both effective and efficient, and it offers a practical solution for industries seeking to enhance supply chain visibility, improve product accountability, and reduce operational inefficiencies in PCB distribution and lifecycle management.

Bullying is a recurring issue and has become a widespread concern, particularly among children and adolescents in school environments. Schools, which should ideally be safe spaces for learning, building friendships, and experiencing personal growth, often turn into places of fear and psychological distress for some students. This is largely due to the frequent violation of human rights (HR) that often goes unaddressed or is underestimated. Bullying can take many forms, including verbal, psychological, physical abuse, and increasingly, cyberbullying. Each of these forms can cause serious harm not only to the victims—who may suffer from emotional and mental trauma—but also to the perpetrators, who may experience long-term psychological consequences and develop deviant or aggressive behavior patterns. In Indonesia, bullying remains a significant issue and a major concern in the education sector. Nearly every school has faced incidents of bullying in one form or another. Cyberbullying, in particular, is harder to monitor and control since it often occurs outside the school’s jurisdiction and is carried out through social media platforms. Efforts to tackle bullying must go beyond merely protecting and supporting the victims. A comprehensive approach is necessary, one that also focuses on preventive education. Students, teachers, and parents must be consistently educated on the negative impacts of bullying, the importance of empathy, and a deeper understanding of human rights. Moreover, strict and clear sanctions must be imposed on perpetrators as a form of legal enforcement and deterrence. With a holistic strategy that involves all elements of the school and the wider community, it is hoped that educational institutions can truly become safe, inclusive, and supportive environments. Such conditions are essential for fostering not only academic growth but also the psychological well-being and character development of the nation's children.

This research is motivated by the high intensity of activity in the apron area, the limited number of personnel, and the implementation of a shift work system in the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport. These conditions have the potential to cause excessive workloads for personnel, which can impact the effectiveness of operational supervision and disrupt their physical and mental health. The main objective of this study is to analyze the workload of AMC personnel and determine the ideal number of workers to ensure optimal supervision in the apron area. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation and the distribution of questionnaires to all personnel activities in the AMC unit. Data analysis used the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) method to calculate the total actual working time required, and compared it with the standard full-time working hours according to employment regulations. The results showed that the workload of AMC personnel is quite high. Of the seven personnel analyzed, two people obtained an FTE value above 1.28, indicating an overload condition, four people were in the FTE range of 1.00 to 1.28, which is considered normal, and one person had an FTE value below 1.00, indicating an underload condition. These findings indicate an imbalance in the distribution of workload among personnel. As a result, some personnel must perform multiple tasks simultaneously, potentially compromising the quality of oversight and operational safety in the apron area. Based on these findings, a re-evaluation of the division of tasks and workforce within the AMC unit is recommended to create a proportional workload and support optimal safety and operational performance at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport.

The betel nut (Areca catechu) is a tropical plant that thrives in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. This plant has long been known in traditional medicine and local culture for its content of various beneficial active compounds. One form of its utilization that has rarely been scientifically studied is fresh betel nut juice. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a preliminary assessment of the characteristics of fresh betel nut juice, particularly from a physical, chemical, and microbiological perspective. The juice production process is carried out simply by squeezing fresh betel nuts without the addition of chemicals or heating. Based on initial observations, the betel nut juice exhibits a distinctive reddish-brown color and a sharp, pungent aroma. This color and aroma likely originate from the phenolic and alkaloid compounds naturally present in the betel nut. pH measurements indicate that the juice has a fairly high acidity level, which can affect the stability of microorganisms within it. Qualitative tests of the chemical composition of the betel nut juice indicate the presence of bioactive compounds, particularly tannins and alkaloids. Tannins are known to have antimicrobial activity, while alkaloids act as physiologically active compounds that can affect the nervous system. However, the presence of these compounds does not completely inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Through simple isolation of microorganisms from the fresh juice, bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus spp., which are typically associated with natural fermentation processes, were found. The presence of these bacteria indicates that fresh areca nut juice can be a potential growth medium for certain microorganisms, particularly lactic acid bacteria. This finding opens up opportunities for further research into the use of areca nut juice as a natural fermentation agent that may have functional and probiotic value.

Cell-based therapy is an innovative approach currently experiencing rapid development in the biomedical field, particularly in the areas of immunotherapy and gene therapy. This approach utilizes living cells, such as genetically modified T cells, to recognize and destroy abnormal cells such as cancer cells or cells with genetic mutations. The development of gene engineering technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, has enabled scientists to precisely edit damaged genes, thereby repairing or restoring normal cell function. This study aims to examine recent advances in cell-based therapy, focusing on cell modification techniques, the efficiency of the immune system in targeting cancer cells, and the integration of gene therapy technology and immune cells. Furthermore, this study also identifies several challenges that remain, including the risk of side effects due to undesirable immune reactions, the genetic stability of the modified cells, and the long-term sustainability or viability of transplanted cells. While these challenges remain serious concerns, several clinical studies have shown that cell-based therapy has significant potential in the treatment of difficult-to-treat diseases, such as advanced cancer and rare genetic disorders. The results of this study demonstrate that cell-based therapy not only offers a new approach to treatment but also opens the door to more personalized and precise therapies. However, for broader implementation in clinical practice, further, in-depth research is needed regarding safety, long-term efficacy, and strict regulation. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to the development of more effective and safe future therapies.

A conductor, as a material that allows the easy flow of electric charge, plays a crucial role in various electrical and electronic applications. Understanding how elementary charges, particularly electrons, configure and move within a conductor, especially one with a square shape, is essential for analyzing and designing efficient electrical devices. This article discusses the configuration of elementary charges in a square conductor through simulations using a mechanics and electrodynamics approach, focusing on the interactions between charges to achieve a stable configuration. The simulation is conducted by placing charges randomly around the square conductor. The electro-dynamic interactions between charges cause them to arrange themselves in the most stable positions, where each charge interacts to minimize the system's energy. Although a stable configuration is achieved, fluctuations in the total system energy are still observed, approximately 1.33×10⁻³⁵ Joules. These fluctuations indicate that, despite stability, the system continues to experience dynamics that affect the overall energy. Particles at the corners of the conductor move faster than those on other sides, contributing significantly to the measured energy fluctuations. This charge configuration forms an electric field profile in the shape of a square, with the field being concentric, moving from the inside out of the conductor. This indicates that the electric field distribution is more concentrated inside and gradually decreases toward the outside. Furthermore, the distribution of particles on each side of the conductor is not uniform. There are deviations up to 4% from the expected distribution, and these fluctuations occur within a range of ±1 particle. This phenomenon provides deeper insights into the behavior of charges in a square conductor. Understanding this is important for designing electrical and electronic systems. Although the conductor reaches stability, the energy fluctuations that occur still play a role in optimizing electronic devices. The approach combining mechanics and electrodynamics is very useful for understanding the interactions between charges and electric fields, which can be applied to modern electrical technology.  

Pedada leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris), a type of mangrove plant that grows in tropical and subtropical coastal areas, have high ecological and pharmacological value. In addition to functioning as coastal protection from abrasion and seawater intrusion, this plant is also known to contain various secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. These compounds have been widely reported to have important biological activities, one of which is as an antimicrobial agent. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of pedada leaf ethanol extract in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria that cause infections. The extraction process was carried out using 96% ethanol solvent through the maceration method, namely soaking the material in the solvent for a certain time to optimally obtain active compounds. The obtained extract was then tested for its antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method against test bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative. The inhibition zone formed around the disc was measured as an indicator of the antibacterial effectiveness of the extract. The results showed that pedada leaf extract was able to produce inhibition zones with varying diameters depending on the concentration used. The higher the extract concentration, the larger the diameter of the inhibition zone formed. This indicates a positive relationship between extract concentration and its antibacterial strength. This activity is believed to originate from the ability of compounds such as flavonoids and tannins to damage bacterial cell walls or disrupt microbial metabolic processes. This study provides initial evidence that pedada leaves have potential as an environmentally friendly and sustainable source of natural antibacterials. This potential is highly relevant in efforts to develop alternative antibacterial materials based on local plants, especially amidst increasing bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of underhand passing skills through the application of play-based methods to fifth and sixth grade students at SDN 1 Bumijawa. This study used a quantitative approach with a One Group Pretest and Posttest experimental design. The sample in this study was 15 students. Data were collected through underhand passing skills tests conducted before and after treatment. The results showed a significant increase in underhand passing skills after students participated in learning using the play-based method. This method has been proven to be able to increase students' interest, active participation, and understanding of basic volleyball techniques. In addition, the application of the play-based method also creates a more enjoyable learning atmosphere and reduces student boredom. This method directly involves students in practical activities, so that students not only understand the theory but also can apply it in real games. Play activities carried out in small groups allow students to learn from each other and increase self-confidence. Improvement in underhand passing skills also shows that the play-based method is effective in developing fine motor skills needed in volleyball. Therefore, the play-based method can be used as an alternative strategy in learning Physical Education, especially volleyball material in elementary schools. This study suggests that Physical Education teachers implement play-based methods more widely to maximize student learning and learning outcomes, as well as increase their motivation and enthusiasm for sports. Furthermore, implementing play-based methods can also improve teamwork among students, a crucial aspect of volleyball. With a more fun and interactive approach, students are more motivated to practice and master the skills taught.

Football is a sport that requires mastery of basic techniques, one of which is dribbling. Dribbling techniques are very important because they serve to control the ball, pass opponents, and create opportunities in the game. Based on initial observations at SSB Selection FC Pabuaran, Cirebon Regency, it is known that the mastery of dribbling techniques in U-14 athletes is still relatively low. This is shown through unfocused gaze when dribbling, improper touching, and lack of balance when dribble, which has an impact on the effectiveness of the game and the team's overall performance. One of the factors that causes the weakness of dribbling ability is the lack of variety of exercises, especially those that emphasize the aspects of speed and agility. Exercises with the zig-zag trajectory method are an effective form of exercise to improve speed, agility, and ball control. This method helps hone motor response, maneuver accuracy, and dribbling skills in dynamic game conditions. This study aims to find out the extent of the influence of dribbling practice using the zig-zag trajectory method on increasing dribbling speed in U-14 football athletes at SSB Selection FC Pabuaran. The research uses a quantitative approach with experimental methods. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation and dribbling tests before and after treatment. The results of this study are expected to provide an empirical picture of the effectiveness of zig-zag training on the technical aspects of the game of football at an early age. In addition, this research is also expected to be a reference for coaches in designing a more structured training program that is in accordance with the development needs of young athletes. Thus, the development of basic techniques from an early age will be more optimal and contribute to the improvement of national football achievements in the future.

This study examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in piano education through a qualitative review of six recent academic sources. AI technology has brought about significant transformations in music learning methods, particularly for the piano instrument. Various AI applications such as automated performance feedback systems, musical accompaniment generators, technical error detection devices, and adaptive learning platforms have enabled new approaches to teaching and learning. AI provides instant feedback, tailored exercises to individual abilities, and creates more interactive and flexible learning environments. These innovations are considered to support the development of students' technical skills more effectively, while increasing learning motivation through personalization and ease of access. Furthermore, this study examines the information systems that support these AI applications, including human-computer interaction, audio signal processing, and the use of machine learning models to recognize playing patterns and technical errors. While AI offers significant benefits, concerns arise regarding its limitations in understanding and responding to the emotional aspects of music. AI is not yet capable of fully supporting the development of subjective and complex musical expression. Over-reliance on this technology is also feared to undermine students' critical thinking, artistic sensitivity, and creativity. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of a balanced integration between AI technology and human pedagogical roles, with the teacher remaining the primary facilitator in fostering expression, interpretation, and artistic values in piano learning. The study recommends further research on emotionally responsive AI, blended learning models, and long-term evaluation of AI's impact on students' artistic and musical development.  

The selection of recipients of the Single Tuition Fee (UKT) assistance at universities must be carried out with the principles of fairness, openness, and efficiency to ensure that the assistance is distributed appropriately. However, the manual selection process is often subjective and prone to error. Therefore, this study developed a decision support system based on the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to assist the selection process of students eligible for UKT assistance more systematically and accurately. The SAW method was chosen because of its ability to process data involving various criteria to produce objective decisions. In this study, the criteria used for the selection of UKT assistance recipients include several aspects, such as the Cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA), parental income, number of dependents, non-academic achievements, distance of the student's residence from campus, active student status, and involvement in student organizations. Data from each criterion is then processed through a normalization stage to ensure uniformity of values and weighting based on their level of importance. After the normalization and weighting process, the next step is to calculate the preference value for each student. The results of the implementation of this system show that the SAW method can accurately rank student priorities, with a student named Selly receiving the highest preference score, 0.673. This indicates that the student in question meets the selection criteria with the best score. This developed system can support the UKT assistance selection process to be fairer and more efficient. By using the SAW method, subjective and manual errors in decision-making can be reduced, resulting in more objective and accurate decisions. In addition, this system also allows universities to evaluate UKT assistance recipients more transparently and precisely, which ultimately can increase public trust in the management of educational assistance at universities.

A wedding is an important event in a person's life that requires various careful preparations, one of which is sending invitations to guests. This research aims to create an Android-based wedding invitation booking application that utilizes Augmented Reality (AR) technology with a Design Thinking approach. This approach includes five main stages, namely empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and testing, to ensure that the developed application is truly in accordance with the needs and expectations of users. With AR technology, users can view and interact directly with virtual invitations through digital devices such as smartphones, which provides a more engaging, interactive, and modern visual experience than conventional physical invitations. The app's key features include invitation design selection, content customization (name, location, date, and couple's photo), as well as simulated invitation display with three-dimensional effects via AR. The app also allows users to store, share, and place orders directly through an integrated system. The results of the evaluation conducted using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method showed a score of 75.3. This score indicates that the app has a good usability level and is positively received by the majority of respondents. In addition, this application is considered to be able to increase efficiency in the invitation ordering process and provide a more modern and personal impression to users and invited guests. The conclusion of this study is that AR-based wedding invitation booking apps not only serve as a practical tool, but also become digital innovations that enrich the user experience in modern weddings. This research is expected to make a real contribution to the development of creative information technology and inspire other developers to create similar solutions that are innovative, efficient, and relevant to the needs of the times.

Kue buayo berendam is a traditional food from Jambi that is unique in terms of ingredients, taste, and processing method. This food is made from glutinous rice flour and coconut milk, which gives it a chewy texture and a savory and sweet taste. With the increasing interest in functional foods that are not only delicious but also beneficial for health, kue buayo berendam has the potential for further study, especially in terms of its microbial content. One interesting aspect to study is the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially from the genus Lactobacillus, which is known to have probiotic benefits. This study aims to identify the presence of Lactobacillus spp. in kue buayo berendam to determine the probiotic potential of this traditional food. The methodology used in the study included bacterial isolation from cake samples, observation of colony morphology, Gram staining to determine the type of bacterial cell wall, and a series of biochemical tests to identify the characteristics of the bacteria found. From the results of isolation and identification, it was found that most of the bacteria successfully cultured were Lactobacillus spp., which are Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacteria. The presence of Lactobacillus spp. The results of the research on kue buayo berendam (soaked crocodile cake) indicate that this food not only has cultural and flavor value but also has the potential to be a source of natural probiotics. Probiotics are known to play a role in maintaining digestive health, boosting the immune system, and balancing the gut microbiota. Therefore, kue buayo berendam (soaked crocodile cake) can be further developed as a traditional functional food that supports public health. These findings open up opportunities to enhance the nutritional and health value of local fermented foods, while preserving regional culinary heritage in more innovative and value-added forms.  

Bananas are a tropical fruit that is popular because of its sweet taste and high nutrient content. However, bananas have a major drawback, which is a short shelf life. After reaching perfect ripeness, the banana will undergo a change in mushy texture, the skin will appear black spots, and there will be a growth of yeast that causes the appearance of the banana to be damaged and unfit for consumption. However, ripe bananas that look visually bad still contain high glucose, which can be used in fermentation or advanced processing. One of the solutions to avoid losses due to ripe banana spoilage is to process it into banana sale. Banana sale is a processed product produced from ripe bananas that go through a drying process to reduce the moisture content to a safe level, so that it can extend its shelf life. This drying process can be done by two methods, namely drying in the sun and smoking. The purpose of both methods is to reduce the water content of bananas, so that they are not easily damaged by microorganisms. Using this technique, bananas that are prone to spoilage can be transformed into more durable products, have a distinctive taste, and have a high selling value. The quality of banana sales is influenced by various factors, such as its color, taste, aroma, texture, and shelf life. By processing bananas for sale, their economic value can increase significantly. Farmers can not only reduce losses due to bananas that do not sell well in the fresh market, but also earn additional income from value-added processed products. Banana sale products have great potential to be developed as one of the processed food products that have economic value and are beneficial to the community (Masuku, M. A., 2023; Lestari, S., et al., 2024).

Adolescent girls commonly experience menstrual disorders, with a 67.2% incidence of dysmenorrhea and 63.1% of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Menstrual pain, or dysmenorrhea, is one of the most frequent reproductive health issues experienced by women, affecting both adolescents and adults. This condition can significantly hinder daily activities, which calls for appropriate treatment. Dysmenorrhea can be managed through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. While pharmacological treatments offer quick relief, non-pharmacological approaches are considered safer as they do not induce side effects, unlike medications. One effective form of non-pharmacological therapy is acupressure, which has shown promising results in alleviating menstrual pain. According to a study by Latifah and colleagues, acupressure was proven to be effective in reducing menstrual discomfort. In line with this, a community outreach initiative was conducted to educate and train adolescent girls on acupressure techniques as a form of self-care. From May 5 to 9, 2025, acupressure education was provided to 30 female students at a local school. The training focused on teaching students how to apply acupressure to specific pressure points that relieve menstrual pain, without the need for medication or herbal remedies. Pre- and post-training assessments showed a significant increase in students’ knowledge and skills related to the practice of acupressure. The results indicated that students were able to effectively apply acupressure techniques and felt more confident in managing menstrual pain independently. This approach not only offered immediate relief but also empowered the students with a long-term strategy to manage dysmenorrhea in the future. This activity demonstrated positive outcomes, suggesting that acupressure is a valuable, sustainable solution for menstrual pain relief among adolescents.

The Caesarean Section (C-Section) procedure is one of the most common surgical methods for childbirth, performed through an incision in the abdominal wall (laparotomy) and the uterine wall (hysterotomy). Despite its effectiveness in ensuring maternal and fetal safety, one of the major postoperative complaints reported by patients is pain. Pain itself is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, which is subjective and can only be described by the person experiencing it. Unmanaged pain may negatively affect postoperative recovery, emotional well-being, mobility, and breastfeeding initiation. Therefore, appropriate nursing care interventions are essential to help patients achieve comfort and recovery. This scientific paper explores the implementation of sacral plexus therapy as part of nursing interventions to address pain problems in post-C-section patients. The study employed a case study approach that applied the nursing care process, which includes comprehensive assessment, formulation of nursing diagnoses, planning, implementation of interventions, and evaluation. Nursing care was carried out over a period of 72 hours (3x24 hours), with pain intensity and patient comfort levels monitored throughout the process. The evaluation results showed that all nursing diagnoses related to pain were successfully resolved within the given timeframe. Specifically, the application of sacral plexus therapy proved effective in reducing the intensity of postoperative pain and improving overall comfort, enabling patients to gradually regain mobility and adapt to their postpartum condition. In conclusion, sacral plexus therapy can serve as a complementary and non-pharmacological intervention within nursing care to effectively manage pain in post-C-section patients. These findings highlight the importance of innovative and holistic approaches in nursing practice to improve patient recovery and quality of care after surgical childbirth.

Employee performance is a critical determinant of service quality and operational success in hospitals. High-performing employees contribute directly to patient satisfaction, service efficiency, and overall institutional reputation. This study investigates the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on the performance of employees at Petrokimia Gresik Hospital, aiming to provide empirical evidence to guide strategic human resource management in healthcare settings. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected using structured questionnaires. The respondents consisted of 85 permanent employees selected through simple random sampling, ensuring that the sample fairly represented the hospital's workforce. The questionnaire was designed to measure aspects of both intrinsic motivation (such as self-fulfillment, recognition, and meaningful work) and extrinsic motivation (such as salary, benefits, and job security), along with indicators of employee performance. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the individual and joint effects of the motivational variables on performance. The results revealed that both intrinsic motivation (β = 0.532, p < 0.05) and extrinsic motivation (β = 0.487, p < 0.05) had a statistically significant and positive impact on employee performance. The model showed that the combination of these two factors accounted for 68.2% of the variation in employee performance (R² = 0.682), indicating a strong explanatory power. These findings underscore the importance of a balanced motivational strategy in hospital management. Relying solely on financial incentives is insufficient; efforts must also be made to cultivate a positive and fulfilling work environment. Therefore, hospital administrators are encouraged to design integrated motivation programs that address both intrinsic and extrinsic factors to enhance employee engagement, productivity, and ultimately, the quality of healthcare services provided.

Compliance of healthcare and medical personnel with established procedures—particularly Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)—is crucial for ensuring patient safety, high-quality healthcare services, and the sustainable operation of hospitals. This study analyzes the influence of Organizational Support, Motivation, and the Completeness of ERM SOPs on personnel compliance at Petrokimia Gresik Driyorejo Hospital. A quantitative approach using a survey method was employed. The study population included all healthcare and medical personnel directly involved with ERM SOPs. Through purposive sampling, 85 respondents were selected. Data collection used closed-ended questionnaires tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression through SPSS version 25. The analysis found that Organizational Support (X1), Motivation (X2), and ERM SOP Completeness (X3) simultaneously had a statistically significant effect on Compliance (Y), with the F-test showing F_calculated > F_table and significance < 0.05. Individually, all three independent variables showed a positive and significant relationship with compliance. Among them, ERM SOP Completeness had the greatest influence, followed by Motivation and then Organizational Support. These findings emphasize that clear, comprehensive, and accessible SOPs are essential in guiding staff behavior and ensuring consistent adherence to risk management protocols. Additionally, motivated employees supported by the organization are more likely to comply with procedures and internal policies. Therefore, organizational strategies should not only focus on developing complete SOPs but also on fostering a supportive work culture and enhancing staff motivation through training, recognition, and leadership support. In conclusion, the study suggests that hospitals aiming to improve compliance with ERM procedures should adopt a holistic approach by investing in SOP development, providing consistent organizational support, and maintaining high levels of employee motivation. These efforts will contribute to better risk mitigation, service quality, and overall hospital performance.

This study investigated the phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against various microorganisms including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Active compounds were isolated and identified from Aleppo Oak Gallnut, obtained from the Iraqi plant Quercus Infectoria L. Plant extracts were prepared using a continuous extraction apparatus, Soxhlet, with a successive solvent system based on polarity differences, including petroleum ether (60-80°C), ethanol (78°C), and hot aqueous extracts. Acid hydrolysis was performed on the raw ethanol and hot water extracts to obtain free phenolic compounds, including Gallic acid, Apigenin, Rutin, Kaempferol, Chlorogenic acid, and Caffeic acid, using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques. The inhibitory activity of Aleppo Oak Gallnut extracts (Ethanol and Hot Aqueous) after acid hydrolysis was tested using four concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) against various microorganisms. The Ethanol extract exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on Enterococcus faecalis. The Hot Aqueous extract showed a modest inhibitory effect on Enterococcus faecalis. The Ethanol extract demonstrated strong inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Hot Aqueous extract at 100% and 75% showed high inhibition. The Ethanol extract exhibited significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus at 100%. The Hot Aqueous extract at 75% and 100%  demonstrated weaker inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. The Ethanol extract demonstrated weaker inhibition against E. coli, and the Hot Aqueous extract showed no effect at 50%  and 25%, and slight inhibition at 100%  and 75%. For Candida albicans, the Ethanol extract showed minimal inhibition at all concentrations and no effect at 25%. The Aqueous extract had a slight effect at 100%  and no inhibition at 75%, 50%, and 25%.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a long-term or chronic disease that needs to be managed properly. One of the biggest challenges for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus is their ability to control their weight. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the ability to control their weight in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the factors that influence it. Respondents in this study were 96 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. The independent variables were factors related to the ability to control their weight, while the dependent variable was the ability to control their weight. Data collection used a questionnaire, and statistical testing was carried out using Spearman's rho with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study showed that most respondents (71.9%) used oral diabetes medication, almost all respondents (37.5%) used insulin diabetes medication, most respondents (59.4%) had suffered from diabetes for 1-2 years, most respondents (52%) were committed to maintaining their weight in the sufficient category, and most respondents (62.5%) had the ability to control their weight in the fairly good category. The Spearman rho statistical test results showed a relationship between the duration of diabetes (p-value: 0.027) and commitment (p-value: 0.039) with the ability to control weight, while there was no relationship with other factors. The relatively good ability to control weight in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus may be due to the patient's awareness and motivation that creates a commitment to control their health condition to prevent worsening conditions. It is hoped that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can maintain the ability to control their weight so that glucose levels remain under control.