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Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the sectors that have an important role in supporting Indonesia's national economy. Its contribution is enormous to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), job creation, and increased innovation, especially in the face of global economic challenges and social inequality. This research aims to examine in depth the role of MSMEs in encouraging Indonesia's economic growth and identify various challenges faced by this sector. The method used in this study is library research, by analyzing various sources of scientific literature, policy reports, and relevant empirical data related to the role of MSMEs. The results of the study show that MSMEs not only contribute to increasing national GDP, but also become the main driving force in providing jobs for the community, especially in rural and suburban areas. In addition, MSMEs are also an important means in the development of local innovation, especially in the use of simple technology that is in accordance with community conditions. However, MSMEs also face a number of serious challenges that can hinder their contribution to economic growth. These challenges include limited access to digital payment systems, low quality of human resources (HR), weak marketing networks, and limited capital and technology. Thus, to increase the role of MSMEs in national economic development, synergy is needed between the government, the private sector, and financial institutions in providing comprehensive and sustainable support. The support includes training on human resource capacity building, access to capital, digital transformation, and strengthening the business ecosystem. This research is expected to contribute to the development of policies that favor the empowerment of MSMEs in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the role of social media as a strategic force in the campaign of legislative candidates from the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI Perjuangan) in the 2024 General Election. Amidst increasing internet penetration and social media usage in Indonesia, especially among the younger generation, social media has become a primary means of political communication. In this context, social media functions not only as a tool for disseminating information, but also as an interactive medium capable of shaping public perception, building political image, and significantly expanding campaign reach. This study uses a qualitative approach through literature review and content analysis of the social media accounts of several PDI Perjuangan legislative candidates, such as Ir. Bambang Wuryanto, Bagus Suryokusumo, and Muhammad Iqbal Adila. The results of the study indicate that strategic use of social media can increase political exposure and emotional closeness with constituents. Authentic, consistent content that emphasizes relevant political values has proven effective in attracting voter attention and building community engagement. Social media also allows legislative candidates to respond to current issues quickly and personally, and mobilize support more efficiently than conventional campaign methods. Thus, the findings of this study confirm that social media plays a very important role in modern political campaign strategies, and is one of the determining factors for success in legislative contests in the digital era.

Contemporary art continues to expand its definition, blurring the boundaries between functional objects and fine art. This practice-based research explores the potential of recycled materials in visual art creation, using a tricycle as the primary medium. Using a mixed-media approach, primarily utilizing recycled metal and plate, along with recycled components such as drills and old water pumps, this project aims to transform the tricycle from a mobility object into a work of fine art. This concept intentionally blurs functional aesthetics, emphasizing freedom of expression and uniqueness of form, and reflecting a dialogue between the past and the present through recycled materials. Through a case study of the work "The Bully," this paper explores how a writer's personal trauma can be sublimated into a powerful artistic expression, forming a visual narrative of power, intimidation, and artistic revenge. This research also adopts an Artistic Research methodology to examine the creative process holistically.

This study aims to analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of mandatory spending in the management of regional expenditure in the education sector in 35 districts/cities in Central Java Province for the 2019–2022 fiscal year. Mandatory spending is an obligation to allocate at least 20% of the APBD for education, as regulated in national regulations. Efficiency is measured by the Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) method using an output-oriented approach and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) assumptions, where an area is said to be efficient if its efficiency score = 1. Meanwhile, effectiveness is assessed based on the comparison of output and outcomes, and is said to be effective when it reaches a percentage of 90–100%. The results show that there is a disparity between regions. Only Klaten Regency and Semarang City have shown perfect efficiency for four consecutive years. However, none of the areas achieved perfect effectiveness throughout the study period. The COVID-19 pandemic has also affected the dynamics of education budget realization, which has an impact on achieving efficiency and effectiveness. These findings provide strategic implications for local governments in developing education budget policies that are more optimal and oriented towards improving the quality of human resources.  

The digital design of cultural museums with an interactive and educational approach in Indramayu Regency aims to present a modern, innovative, and interesting cultural preservation space. This concept was born from the urgent need for a means that are able to preserve, document, and promote local cultural wealth in the midst of the rapid flow of globalization. The lack of cultural literacy among the public, especially the younger generation, as well as the loss of historical objects due to inadequate storage facilities, are the main reasons for the importance of developing digital-based museums. Through an interactive approach, visitors can actively engage with cultural collections using advanced technologies such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and interactive multimedia. This technology provides an immersive, engaging, and personalized learning experience, so that visitors not only see, but also virtually experience the richness of the culture on display. Meanwhile, the educational approach is designed to create an informative, collaborative, and fun learning environment, which is highly relevant for learners and the younger generation as the successors of cultural preservation. Indramayu Regency, known for its long history, maritime traditions, and distinctive coastal culture, has great potential to become a center for cultural education. This digital museum will utilize digital technology to document cultural narratives in depth, so that it can be accessed not only by local people, but also national and international tourists. With its strategic location in the city center, the presence of this museum is expected to encourage the participation of the public and tourists in understanding, appreciating, and preserving the local culture of Indramayu. Apart from being an educational facility, this museum is expected to be able to become a driver of local tourism that makes a positive contribution to the economy of the surrounding community. Digital cultural museums are not only a place for preservation, but also a symbol of a strong regional identity, reflecting the synergy between technological innovation and commitment to cultural sustainability in the modern era.

Financial literacy includes an understanding of personal financial management, financial future planning, investment, and financial risk management. On the other hand, marriage readiness involves interpersonal skills, financial responsibility, and the ability to face challenges and conflicts in domestic life. The research method used in this research is Survey and Participatory Observation. Surveys were conducted before and after the workshop to measure the level of increase in participants' understanding regarding financial literacy and household readiness. This survey is designed to cover various aspects, including understanding of financial management, planning for the financial future, and knowledge about preparing for a household. Apart from surveys, participatory observation was also carried out during the workshop. This observation aims to understand in depth the interactions between KKN-T Kel 09 students and the Madiredo Pujon Malang Village Community. By directly observing workshop activities, researchers can see how participants respond to the material presented, the extent of their understanding of these topics, and how the interactions between participants and workshop facilitators are. The survey results showed a significant increase in the Madiredo Community's understanding of financial literacy after attending the workshop.

This research investigates the underlying factors that shape the interest of students from the 2024 cohort in enrolling in the Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering Education Program at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative methodology, data were gathered through a structured, closed-ended questionnaire administered to the entire cohort, which consisted of 89 students. The analysis reveals that the overall level of student interest is categorized as high, with a notable percentage of 55%. Several key variables were identified as influential: (1) self-awareness factors encompassing physical capabilities, intellectual aptitude, intrinsic motivation, and innate talent were rated in the very high category at 56%; (2) familial influences such as the provision of information, emotional support, and parenting styles also ranked very high at 46%; (3) school-related elements including the accessibility of school information systems, teacher roles, peer dynamics, and hands on learning experiences were classified in the high category with 44%; and (4) social media engagement specifically the frequency of use and the quality of educational content was likewise in the high category, scoring 48%. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of student decision-making, with self-awareness emerging as the most prominent determinant in shaping academic program choices. The study highlights the need for educational institutions to consider these interrelated dimensions when developing recruitment strategies and academic guidance frameworks.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Canva and Nearpod digital platforms in supporting the strengthening of students' character at the elementary school level. Character education is a fundamental aspect in the formation of students' personalities who have integrity, toughness, and adaptability to the development of the times. In the digital era, interactive learning media is an important means to instill character values in a more interesting and contextual way. The method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles, with the research subjects consisting of teachers, class V students, and students' parents. The learning process is designed to blend character education content with the use of Canva as a creative visual medium, as well as Nearpod as an interactive presentation tool that allows students to be active through online quizzes, assignments, and reflections. The results of the study showed a marked increase in students' learning motivation, attitude of responsibility, discipline, cooperation in groups, and the ability to make decisions independently. Parental involvement in digital learning also supports the consistency of character strengthening at home. However, the study also noted several challenges, such as the limitations of technological devices, unstable internet networks, and variations in students' and parents' digital literacy abilities. Recommended solutions include intensive training for teachers in the use of digital media, improved support facilities in schools, as well as a collaborative approach between teachers and parents. Thus, the integrated use of Canva and Nearpod not only supports mastery of academic materials, but also significantly strengthens students' character values holistically. This study is expected to be a reference in the development of digital learning innovations oriented towards character education at the elementary level.

This research was motivated by the problem of children's low ability to coordinate hand and vision movements, which directly impacts their activities and fine motor skills. This study aims to describe the activities of teachers and children and analyze the development of fine motor skills in group A students at Hidayatullah Kindergarten Barito Kuala. This study used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach with a qualitative design and was conducted over four meetings. The results showed a significant increase in teacher activities and the development of children's fine motor skills. Teacher activities that initially received a score of 18 in the fairly good category increased to a score of 32 in the very good category at the fourth meeting. Meanwhile, at the beginning of the intervention, only 7% of children were in the Very Well Developed (BSB) category. After the first intervention, the percentage of children in the BSB category increased to 27% or five children. A more significant increase occurred at the fourth meeting, with 14 children or 82% falling into the BSB category. The intervention used a project-based learning model combined with a demonstration method in stringing activities using natural materials. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that this model is effective in improving fine motor skills in early childhood. This combination of approaches encourages active child engagement and provides meaningful and contextual learning experiences, contributing to optimal fine motor development.  

SMA Negeri 1 Baturiti merupakan salah satu instansi pendidikan di bawah naungan Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Tabanan yang memiliki berbagai aset penunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar. Proses pelaporan aset selama ini masih dilakukan secara manual menggunakan Microsoft Word, sehingga kurang efisien dan sering mengalami keterlambatan dalam pelaporan kepada Dinas Pendidikan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dirancang dan dibangun sistem dengan judul Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Inventaris Sekolah Melalui Sistem Inventory Berbasis Web di SMA N 1 Baturiti. Sistem ini dikembangkan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan database MySQL, serta dilengkapi fitur pencetakan laporan dengan PHP Word dan PHP Excel. Sistem ini mempermudah proses input data aset dan menghasilkan laporan yang lebih cepat, akurat, dan terstruktur. Dengan adanya sistem ini, diharapkan pelaporan aset sekolah kepada Dinas Pendidikan dapat dilakukan secara lebih tepat waktu dan efisien.

This research aims to be able to meet the water supply of lettuce plants automatically by using three sensors such as soil moisture, water level, and water discharge. The goal is to provide water needs to plants automatically and regularly. The developed tool uses YL-96 sensor for soil moisture, HC-SR04 for water level and YF-S201 for water discharge. Sensor data is sent to the arduino to be processed using the fuzzy mamdani method so that these three data values affect the movement of the tap servo motor that flows to the lettuce plant. Fuzzy logic here as a decision maker from the value of 3 sensor data and then processed automatically by arduino using fuzzy mamdani to determine how many degrees the servo motor moves. The result is that the Lettuce Plant Water Needs Analysis System Automation Tool is able to maintain the water supply of lettuce plants and soil moisture ideally at 76% with a servo motor movement system success rate of 100%.

The food security program involving chili cultivation in Pentur Village is hindered by inefficiencies in water use and suboptimal plant growth, primarily due to traditional irrigation methods that fail to consistently maintain ideal soil moisture and temperature. This issue is exacerbated by unpredictable environmental shifts, such as fluctuating weather patterns, and a lack of precise irrigation control stemming from technological limitations. To address this, a system for monitoring and regulating chili plant irrigation using IoT technology was developed. This system employs humidity and temperature sensors connected to an IoT platform like Blynk, enabling real-time observation of plant and environmental conditions. Data on soil moisture, air temperature, and humidity are stored in a database, and irrigation is automated based on soil moisture levels. The goal is to enhance water efficiency, minimize risks associated with over or under-watering due to environmental variations, and improve both yield and quality of the chili crop. This IoT-based system aims to simplify chili plant management for Pentur Village farmers and significantly boost agricultural output.

The increasing need for electrical energy in Indonesia encourages the development of new renewable energy (EBT), including hydroelectric power plants (PLTA) as an environmentally friendly solution. This research was conducted at the Mentawa Dam, West Toili District, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, to analyze the potential of water energy that can be utilized as a source of micro-hydro power plants (PLTMH). This dam currently functions as irrigation and a tourist attraction, but has significant potential to generate sustainable electrical energy. The research methods include measuring water discharge using the float method, measuring the height of the water fall (head) with an altimeter and GPS, and analyzing the potential for electrical power using the formula P = η ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Q ⋅ H. The measurement results show an average water discharge of 3.01 m³ / s and a water fall (head) of 6.56 meters. With a turbine efficiency of 80%, the potential electrical power that can be generated reaches 154.76 kW. This study recommends the use of Kaplan turbines in Mentawa Dam, which are ideal for large discharge conditions and low to medium heads, and can adapt to discharge fluctuations, making it an optimal choice to maximize energy potential. This research is expected to provide sustainable energy solutions for the people of Toili Barat District and support the development of the tourism sector.

The insurance business in an insurance company offers insurance products owned by insurance companies. There are many transactions such as the purchase of insurance products and the application of disbursement of insurance benefits to customers, so that disputes occur in the reports generated every month and this does not become effective and time-efficient as needed. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a website-based real-time insurance transaction reporting monitoring system. This research method involves the development of a web-based system designed to monitor and report insurance transactions directly, as well as the evaluation of system performance using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research stages include needs analysis, system design and development, implementation, and system testing and evaluation in insurance companies. The results of the study show that a website-based system can facilitate evaluation Monitoring the results of reports on ongoing transactions, so that reports every month can be formed digitally through the system that has been created.  

The digital revolution has transformed retail industry into a new era full of opportunities through e-commerce but also presenting challenges in online furniture sales. Due to their inability to precisely measure and see furniture in their spaces, many customers are hesitant to make purchases. Augmented Reality (AR) offers solutions through realistic visualizations, but it’s costly and has a lot of accessibility problems. WebAR solves these issues by delivering AR features directly on mobile browsers without requiring additional apps. This study investigates the impact of WebAR innovation on e-commerce furniture by examining the roles of interactivity (IN), vividness (VI), augmentation (AU), customization (CT), and ease of access (EA) on purchase intention (PI), mediated by spatial presence (SP), decision comfort (DC), and satisfaction (SF). Using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model, data from 100 respondents were analyzed with the PLS-SEM algorithm using SmartPLS 4.0. The findings tell us that WebAR significantly enhances consumers’s shopping experience and ultimately boosts purchase intention.

The role of museums is very important, one of which is as a source of historical and cultural education by displaying high-value collection objects. Every collection object must have its own story and history, and also each collection object must have a different time of occurrence or period. Therefore, this research aims to determine circulation patterns that support the presentation of material in museums, especially circulation patterns at the Bank Indonesia Museum, Jakarta. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach whose preparation was carried out narratively. Data collection in this research was carried out by direct observation in the field and using secondary data such as via the internet and existing journals. The theoretical basis used by the author in this research is a book by Tissink entitled narrative architecture. The results of the research can be concluded that the circular circulation pattern is considered good for use in a museum because it has a connection between one room and another, so it can strengthen the storyline in it.

The Annual Members’ Meeting (Rapat Anggota Tahunan or RAT) is the highest forum in cooperatives, serving as a medium for the board’s accountability to members as well as a venue for strategic decision-making. KSP Kopdit Obor Mas, one of the largest cooperatives in Eastern Indonesia with more than 240,000 members and assets reaching IDR 7.8 trillion, faces several challenges in conducting RAT, including low member participation, the complexity of financial reports, and the demand for compliance with regulations and the cooperative’s Articles of Association/Bylaws. This community service activity aimed to assist the implementation of RAT to ensure greater transparency, participation, and accountability. The methods included coordination with the board and supervisory committee, preparation of mentoring modules, socialization, simplification of financial reports, RAT simulations, and forum evaluation. The results show increased member participation, more accessible financial reporting, and a better-organized RAT conducted in accordance with regulations. The discussion highlights that mentoring activities strengthen Good Cooperative Governance and improve cooperative management practices. Thus, this activity contributes to enhancing institutional capacity and can serve as a model for sustainable cooperative development in other regions.  

The Book of Esther delivers a powerful moral message about courage, wisdom, and faith amidst the threat of genocide against the Jewish people. Although the name of God is not explicitly mentioned, the book reveals God’s providence working behind the scenes through the character of Esther. By placing her as queen, God used her bravery and resolve to save His people from destruction. This article explores the moral messages in the story of Esther and their relevance in modern life, especially regarding female leadership, faithful obedience, and the courage to face challenges. The research employs a qualitative method through literature analysis. Findings show that values in the Book of Esther—such as trust in God, prayer, integrity, and self-sacrifice—remain relevant as moral and spiritual inspiration in contemporary life.

In the era of globalization, the world is increasingly developing rapidly, humans no longer pay attention to ethics, morals, and human character. The author sees the role of various parties as very necessary, namely from  parents and especially from a shepherd who is entrusted by God in controlling children who have fallen into the current of the development of the era. So in this case, the role of a serious shepherd is very necessary to educate and shape the character of good children. This article offers how a shepherd can play a role in the formation of a child’s character. The author is aware that currently most children are experiencing a character crisis that is not controlled by the influence of the era of technological and scientific development. Therefore, the shepherd is expected to carry out his duties well, earnestly and in accordance with the teachings and learning of the Christian faith. The goal is to form and create a good generation, with noble morals, responsible and has a character like Christ.

This article explores the law and ethics of the Old Testament, drawing on Micah 6:8; highlighting its relevance as a guide for everyday life. In the often complex and conflicted modern context, the principles contained in these ancient texts offer profound insights into how to live meaningful and ethical lives. The Torah, consisting of commandments and regulations, served not only as a religious guide for the Israelites, but also as a moral foundation that can be applied by anyone seeking justice, love, and integrity in social interactions. This article examines various aspects of the law, including social justice, protection of the weak, and individual responsibility to the community. In addition, the ethics of the Old Testament emphasize the importance of the relationship between humans and God, as well as between humans. Values ​​such as compassion, forgiveness, and respect are at the heart of these teachings, encouraging individuals to live in harmony with themselves and others. Through in-depth analysis, this article also provides concrete examples of how these principles can be applied in everyday life, whether in personal, social, or professional contexts. In this way, readers are expected to find inspiration and practical guidance for living a more ethical and meaningful life, in line with teachings that have existed for thousands of years.