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Differentiated learning videos are learning method videos for educators delivered to students. Pragmatics is the science of language that studies the relationship between language and its context, grammatically or encoded in the structure of language use. In this research, there are expressive speech acts, namely a type of speech act in which the utterance states something or things that the speaker intends to feel, and directive speech acts are speech acts that express the speaker's intentions, which can be realized in the form of pragmatic statements. This article was written using descriptive research, which ultimately attempts to describe the speech spoken by the object, which is in accordance with the actual picture. This research uses a qualitative approach, namely by applying a qualitative descriptive method using data collection techniques, namely listening and note-taking analysis, which then uses collection analysis and matching analysis. This research aims to collect data, explain the data clearly, and analyze the forms of directive and expressive speech acts contained in differentiated videos. Differentiated video is a medium that allows the delivery of messages or information more specifically according to the target audience. Directive speech act analysis involves identifying commands, requests, or instructions given in the video, while expressive speech act analysis focuses on the expression of feelings, opinions, or expressions of emotion in that context. The results of the analysis show variations in the use of directive and expressive speech acts depending on the purpose of communication and audience characteristics. These findings provide insight into how differentiated video is used to achieve diverse communicative goals, including educating, motivating, or influencing audience actions. Based on the results of the analysis of expressive and directive speech acts in differentiated videos, it can be concluded that there were 23 forms of speech acts found. These speech acts consist of 7 expressive speech acts and 16 directive speech acts. The benefits of this research can provide guidance for content creators and communicators in designing and conveying messages effectively in differentiated video contexts by considering various speech acts that are appropriate to the situation and communication objectives.

Deixis is a word that refers or leads to something that is influenced by the speaker's situation, deixis has a function according to its respective reference according to the context. The purpose of the research is to describe persona deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis, social deixis in conversations on the Nihongo Mantappu YouTube channel. The method used in this paper is descriptive qualitative method. Based on the analysis, the researcher has found 4 forms of deixis in the data that has been studied, these deixis include persona deixis, place deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. The most frequently used deixis is discourse deixis in the form of this word. The use of discourse deixis is most often used because Jerome Polin or his friends more often mention this word because it refers to the discussion discussed, namely the Indonesian writing and speaking test by foreigners or foreigners. Each deixis found has its own function depending on the context. The research that has been done is interesting because the videos analyzed have sources from abroad and the benefits of this research are expected to help readers understand what deixis are found in the videos that researchers analyze.

In the context of debate, another issue that occurs is the limited skills of students in identifying and formulating appropriate illocutionary speech acts. In a debate, it is important to communicate arguments clearly and convincingly. However, learners who do not understand the pragmatic aspects of language may have difficulty in formulating strong arguments. This study was conducted to determine the illocutionary speech acts contained in the debate text of Indonesian language book class X curriculum 2013. The purpose of this research is to examine the application of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis, pragmatics theoretical approach, and data collection techniques with observational studies on Indonesian language book documents grade X curriculum 2013. The analysis technique used in the research uses agic analyzing technique. This research makes a significant contribution to understanding and improving the application of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The results of this research, there is some data that covers the aspects of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The data contains expressive, directive, assertive, declarative, and commissive illocutionary speech act categories totaling 34 data. It is concluded that the application of illocutionary speech acts can be identified and classified in speech acts that are adjusted to the category. The benefit of this research is as a source of knowledge to deepen the science of pragmatics in illocutionary speech acts.

Digital business is starting to become the most popular business activity. The reason is that people continue to try to adapt to the sophistication of technology in this digital era to make it easier to do their work. Ease of carrying out digital buying and selling transactions is now available in GoTo, a company resulting from the merger of Gojek and Tokopedia. GoTo is a forum and provides access for entrepreneurs, especially MSMEs, to open businesses and sell online. Apart from making it easier for people to do business and shop, Goto also has a positive impact on the development of the Indonesian economy. Tiktok is also an online platform that influences the development of Tokopedia. Tiktok not only accommodates Tokopedia product branding but is now also one of the sales channels for Tokopedia products on its TikTokshop page. This invites high enthusiasm from economic actors. This research was conducted to find out how GoTo developed after the merger and the influence of the Tiktok and Tokopedia collaboration on the Indonesian economy. The method used is descriptive qualitative so that the data collected is correct based on literature reviews and scientific publications.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of public services, the prevailing bureaucracy and the suitability of the computerized service system when viewed from the principles of good governance at the Wonokromo Kora Subdistrict Office, Surabaya. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach. The required research data collection was 6 informants consisting of 4 sub-district staff and 2 community recipients of public services. The data analysis techniques used are data collection, data triangulation, data reduction, and data presentation. The results of the research found that the Wonokromo Subdistrict Office, Surabaya City, in carrying out its services, has not fully implemented the principles of good governance, and reporting on public servants has not been fully transparent because it requires permission from the District first and certainty of when residents can collect files or the results of the service are sometimes not fully implemented.

The decision on the feasibility of purchasing a share is an indicator or criterion that is considered before finally deciding to invest or invest in the issuer. Researchers conducted technical analysis and fundamental analysis of PT Bank Negara Indonesia, Tbk. (BBNI) shares to find out whether the issuer's shares are suitable as issuers for investing or just for trading. Technical analysis and fundamental analysis are performed to see opportunity whether the shares are worthy of stock investment or not. Technical analysis is carried out using the simple moving average (SMA) and RSI methods. In addition, fundamental analysis is also carried out with several indicators such as price book value (PBV), price earning ratio (PER), debt equity ratio (DER), net probability margin (NPM), and earnings per share (EPS). In this study, the approach taken is a qualitative descriptive approach where data is presented in the form of narratives or detailed elaboration from experts. PT Bank Negara Indonesia (BBNI) shares are the oldest bank stocks that have a large market capitalization. This stock can also be said to have a relatively stable level of price fluctuation with a high level of profit and price. In terms of technical analysis and fundamental analysis, PT Bank Negara Indonesia (BBNI) shares are stocks that deserve to be an investment choice.

Product packaging design is an important factor that can strengthen MSME branding in increasingly competitive business competition. An attractive and quality packaging design differentiates it from competitors. For this reason, community service was carried out to find out the extent to which Galo-Galo Village UKM players understand the importance of product packaging redesign. The aim of this activity is to build brand awareness from the redesign of the product packaging being launched. The method of activity is through socialization and assistance in redesigning product packaging that is more attractive to consumers by choosing one of the superior products. The external target is to create alternative product packaging, one of the superior products, namely Natural Soap, produced by UKM Galo-Galo Village. The results of community service regarding packaging redesign are related to shape, structure, materials, colors, images, typography and design elements with product information so that the product can be marketed. Packaging redesign in the form of redesigning old packaging into new packaging to make it more attractive, so that it has maximum function to wrap, protect, send, issue, store, identify and differentiate a product on the market.

Elementary school children are a group vulnerable to food poisoning caused by unhealthy snacks containing dangerous substances such as formaldehyde, borax, rhodamine, and methanol yellow. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of healthy snack education on students' knowledge. This type of research is quasi-experimental, with a sample of 30 students and data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. The result was an increase in knowledge, as seen from the pre-test and post-test results. There was a significant increase in knowledge (p-value < 0.001). It can be concluded that there is an influence of healthy snack education on elementary school students' knowledge. It is hoped that the school will support it by providing healthy canteens in elementary schools.

Junk food is food that is easily found in urban areas. The practical urban lifestyle allows someone to prefer junk food. Lack of nutritional knowledge influences the habit of consuming food without paying attention to its nutritional content just because it tastes good. This can affect nutritional status. This research aims to: (1) determine the relationship between nutritional knowledge and nutritional status in class XI students at Ketintang Vocational School, Surabaya. (2) determine the relationship between junk food consumption habits and nutritional status in class XI students at Ketintang Vocational School, Surabaya. This research is an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design. The research location was carried out at Ketintang Vocational School, Surabaya, with 91 class XI student respondents taken using a simple random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by filling out a questionnaire. Questionnaires were used to obtain data on respondents' identities, level of nutritional knowledge and food frequency questionnaires to determine respondents' junk food consumption habits. To determine the nutritional status of respondents, the BMI/U index is obtained by weighing their body weight and measuring their height directly. The research instrument was adopted from previous research and has been validated by expert lecturers in the field. The data analysis technique used is the chi square test.The results of the research show: (1) the results of statistical tests on nutritional knowledge with the nutritional status of students, namely sig 0.394 > 0.05, which indicates there is no significant relationship between the two variables, (2) the results of statistical tests on junk food consumption habits with nutritional status sig 0.001 < 0.05 which indicates a significant relationship between the two variables. Based on this, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between nutritional knowledge and students' nutritional status, but there is a relationship between junk food consumption habits and nutritional status in class XI students at Ketintang Vocational School, Surabaya.

Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is a structure and mechanism that regulates the management of a company so as to create long-term sustainable economic value for shareholders and stakeholders. In achieving company goals, GCG has the principles of transparancy, accountability, responsibility, independence and fairness. This research uses qualitative methods and hermeneutic methods The purpose of this research is to find out how the Track Construction Company implements the principles of Good Corporate Governance in the novel "After All This Time" by Ollyjayzee, in an effort to solve the problems faced in working on the Sindur toll road project. We hope that this research can provide lessons and additional information to readers. The results obtained are that by implementing the principles of Good Corporate Governance, the Track Construction Company can avoid the problems that hinder the work on the Sindur toll road project.

The independent curriculum is the newest educational curriculum in Indonesia and is currently being implemented by implementing freedom of learning for teachers and students. This independent curriculum is packaged to suit the needs of students, apart from that it also supports learning that is literate with the times. Apart from the educational curriculum, the role of the teacher is also very important for the success of learning in the classroom. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method that describes and analyzes the data that has been found in narrative form. This research does not describe data variables in the form of numbers, but this research places more emphasis on describing the phenomena or problems in this research. The technique for collecting this data uses note taking by reading references which are used as reference sources in this research. This data collection technique is also assisted by literature study as a reinforcement of the data that has been found by the author. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique goes through several stages, namely collecting data by adjusting the data grouping, then presenting the data in the form of a narrative or description, and finally drawing conclusions from the data that has been found and then analyzing it as well.

This research examines the application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods in determining the best graduate students in the Ners Professional Study Program at Muhammadiyah University of East Kalimantan. The third step of the AHP method involves converting the values in the pairwise comparison matrix to decimal form, which is then normalized to calculate the priority weight of each criterion and sub-criteria. Next, checking the logic of the criteria and designing AHP-TOPSIS for ranking were carried out. The analysis showed that AHP resulted in 5 ranking changes with a percentage change of 4.4%, while TOPSIS resulted in 3 ranking changes with a percentage change of 3.9%. From these results, the AHP-TOPSIS method proved to have an accuracy of 83.00%. This article also presents a comparison between AHP, TOPSIS, and AHP-TOPSIS methods, where the best student selected is Dinda Ayu Framaisella. This research provides practical guidance for decision makers in solving multi-criteria problems and contributes to the selection of the best graduate students with a comprehensive and accurate approach.

This research was motivated by the frequent cases of repeated truancy in SMP Negeri 3 Bukittinggi which became the driving force of this research. sTherefore, research on truant behavior in students needs to be done to determine the types of truant behavior, factors that encourage students to do truant behavior, how parents can influence truant behavior, the impact of truant behavior, and how students' perceptions of truant behavior and how Guidance And Counseling teachers handle it. Participants in this study were grade VIII teenagers who often skipped school. Data collection methods include interviews, documentation, and observation. The findings of this study show that there are two types of truant behavior carried out by students at SMP Negeri 3 Bukittinggi, namely truant entirely and only during designated class hours. Factors that encourage students to behave truant include factors from themselves, family factors and environmental factors. Parental participation in truant behavior largely refers to the fact that based on parenting, parents are not directly involved in their child's truant behavior. The impact of truant behavior can be psychological, academic, or non-academic. Guidance and counseling teachers respond to this impact by providing information services, contacting parents, working with principals and homeroom teachers, and calling students who exhibit truant behavior for guidance on both the student and parent side

The aim of preparing this article is to analyze inclusion and an inclusive, learning-friendly environment in public schools. The research used interview and direct observation methods at SDN 196/II Taman Agung and SDN 224/II Sijau. Inclusion is a form of equality and a form of realizing education without discrimination where children with special needs and children in general can receive the same education. Meanwhile, an inclusive environment that is friendly to learning can be interpreted as involving all students without exception.

 This research was conducted at SMA N 1 Tanjung Mutiara, an educational institution where there is a lack of student discipline regarding school regulations such as being late for class, non-compliance with dress codes, and absenteeism in lessons so that many teachers complain about this phenomenon that occurs among students. Therefore, guidance and counseling teachers play a very important role in dealing with students who show behavior that lacks discipline. Existing research problems relate to the effectiveness of strategies in improving student discipline. The aim of this research is to find out what strategies will be implemented by guidance and counseling teachers to improve student discipline. The informants for this research consisted of BK teachers at SMA N 1 Tanjung Mutiara who took part in the interviews. This research uses qualitative methodology. It was found in this research that guidance and counseling teachers use an individual counseling approach, especially in the form of personal counseling between students and guidance and counseling teachers. The goal of individual counseling is to assist students in changing their attitudes and behavior so that they can more effectively adapt to the school environment and fulfill their responsibilities as conscientious members of student groups.

The moral development of children in the early and late stages of their lives is a crucial process in shaping their character. In the early stage, children tend to rely on the influence of adults, such as parents and teachers, to understand the concepts of right and wrong. They often strictly follow rules and avoid moral violations. In contrast, in the later stage, the moral development of children becomes more complex. They start to develop a deeper understanding of morality based on the values and principles they have learned throughout their lives. Children in this stage can consider the moral consequences of their actions and develop autonomy in making moral decisions. A better understanding of the moral development of children can help adults, such as parents and educators, support the healthy moral development of their children throughout the early and late stages of their lives.  Set a good example: Children tend to imitate the behavior of adults around them. Therefore, it is important for parents and adults around children to set good examples in behavior, attitudes and communication. Teach moral values: Teach children about moral values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, empathy, mutual help, patience, etc. Discuss these values ​​with them and provide concrete examples of how these values ​​are applied in everyday life.

This assessment aims to assess the role of learning planning on the quality of educators in teaching and learning activities, the obstacles faced by teachers in carrying out learning planning at UPT SDN 060909. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The research subjects were all homeroom teachers at UPT SDN 060909 Medan Denai. The obstacle faced by teachers is that real teachers cannot guarantee that all students will be interested because there are also students who do not participate, for example when using the conversation method, students become calmer and still do not answer anything. This discussion method is very important to stimulate student activity. However, teachers always evaluate this to continue to improve the quality of educators so that these plans can be used as reference material for further development. From the research results, it was found that learning planning is very important in teaching activities, because learning planning can be a reference for a teacher to carry out learning in the classroom.

Indonesian culture has local culture originating from each region. Indonesia is a country that is rich in culture and diverse. Indonesian culture has changed from time to time because of the people themselves who want change. These changes are increasingly visible rapidly with the inclusion of elements of globalization into Indonesian culture. Education is the most important area in shaping the character of the younger generation to prevent the flow of globalization which can damage morals. Through education, the character of the younger generation can be saved by learning Citizenship Education. This research uses qualitative research methods or a descriptive approach. The results of this research show that in citizenship education, students are given an understanding of the values ​​of Pancasila and an introduction to Indonesian culture. This can shape character in facing the era of globalization which is increasingly having a negative impact on the character of the younger generation

This research aims to determine efforts to improve teachers' abilities in compiling syllabuses and lesson plans through academic supervision. This research was conducted at SDN 101772 Tanjung Selamat, the subjects of this research were teachers at SDN 101772 Tanjung Selamat. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method, data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the quality of the syllabus and lesson plans made by the teachers at SDN 101772 can be said to be poor. This is because there are still many syllabi and lesson plans that still use the old format and don't seem original. In the assessment of the syllabus and lesson plans that have been implemented, many weaknesses were still found. They are late to the instant culture by copying the syllabus and RPP models developed by the Central Government.

The development of increasingly advanced technology has both positive and negative impacts. As the next generation of the nation, awareness is needed in increasing civic literacy in the digital era. This is in line with the purpose of this study, which is to foster the character of elementary school children through civic literacy learning with its approaches to learning. By strengthening the spirit of citizenship, we want to produce a generation of qualified and qualified young people and able to actively contribute to the development of the nation and state in this digital era. Therefore, in civic literacy, it is very important to comprehensively prepare citizens to face these challenges with a firm and deep understanding. Through comprehensive civic literacy learning helps improve citizenship in society. This is an important key in building a harmonious and good society.