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The diversity of Indonesian society, spread across various regions of the archipelago, reflects immense natural and cultural wealth. However, this cultural diversity also has the potential to trigger national disintegration or division due to differences in perspectives, values, and ways of life. This situation indicates that Indonesian society needs to develop an educational system capable of fostering an appreciative attitude toward cultural, religious, and customary differences among ethnic groups. This reality compels Christian Education to assume a strategic role in strengthening existing diversity. This study aims to examine transformative approaches within Christian Education for fostering harmony amidst Indonesia’s diversity. The research employs a qualitative approach through a literature review, particularly focusing on the approaches and implementation of Christian Education within pluralistic societies. The results of the study indicate that the presence of Christian education can make a significant contribution to building a harmonious, diverse society by instilling Christian values such as respect for different lifestyles, rejection of violence and discrimination, and the strengthening of a spirit of unity. Thus, Christian education is expected to serve as an effective means of fostering harmony amidst the diversity of Indonesian society.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) learning is undergoing significant changes in the Digital 5.0 era with the utilization of technology as the main support. This study explores the challenges in Christian learning and explores technological solutions that can improve student engagement and material comprehension. Through the literature study, the main challenges identified include the limitations of traditional learning resources and the lack of attractiveness of the materials. Solutions are proposed by integrating E-Learning, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and mobile applications in the curriculum. Teacher training and support from the community and church are key in implementing this approach. Continuous evaluation and problem solving are the focus to ensure success and sustainability. The results show that technology contributes significantly to creating an interactive and relevant learning environment, building a solid foundation for increased student engagement and understanding of Christian teachings. By stepping with technology, this article presents a foundation for enhancing Christian Religious Education learning amidst the dynamics of the digital world

This study examines the eco-eschatological dimensions embedded in the myths and traditions of pante among the Manggarai people of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The pante tradition is not merely understood as an economic activity involving the tapping and processing of palm sap, but also as a cultural practice that embodies ecological, spiritual, social, and ethical values. Through this tradition, the Manggarai people maintain a harmonious relationship with nature and recognize their responsibility toward the environment as part of a sacred cosmic order. This study employs a qualitative approach based on literature review and hermeneutical-theological analysis to explore the symbolic meanings and theological implications of the pante myth. The findings reveal that the pante myth reflects the Manggarai people’s cosmological worldview, in which nature is regarded as a living and sacred reality that must be respected and protected. Furthermore, the tradition promotes an ethic of sustainability that discourages excessive exploitation of natural resources and encourages balance between human needs and environmental preservation. From an eco-eschatological perspective, the pante tradition represents a vision of hope for the restoration of relationships among humans, nature, and God, anticipating the fulfillment of the “new heaven and new earth.” Therefore, this study affirms that Manggarai local wisdom provides a valuable contribution to the development of contextual, ecological, and sustainable theology in contemporary society.

This paper discusses the concept of global ethics put forward by Hans Küng as a universal moral framework in the face of the reality of a plural world. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method to examine Küng's thoughts on global ethics, its basic principles, and its implications in social life and interreligious dialogue. The results of the study show that global ethics is a consensus of universal moral values that is not intended as a new religion, but as a common basis for all mankind in building a peaceful and just life. Principles such as humanity, non-violence, solidarity, honesty, and equality are the main cornerstones in building cross-cultural and religious relations. In addition, global ethics also encourages collective responsibility in maintaining social justice, human rights, and environmental sustainability. However, global ethics also faces criticism of its normative tendencies as well as the challenges of achieving universal consensus amid differences in values, cultures, and political interests. Therefore, the implementation of global ethics requires an inclusive, open, and sustainable dialogue. Thus, global ethics has strong relevance as the foundation of interreligious dialogue in creating sustainable global peace and harmony.

Counseling etymologically derives from the noun counsel, which originates from the Latin consilium, rooted in consilere, meaning “to consult,” or to seek the views and advice of others as guidance for consideration and decision-making. As a verb, to counsel or counseling refers to the act of providing advice, guidance, warnings, encouragement, and instruction aimed at fostering self-surrender in addressing problems and managing negative behaviors among students. Educational guidance and counseling aim to strengthen Christian students to live victoriously in the Lord Jesus Christ by bringing them to an understanding of the light of God’s Word and the acceptance of themselves as God’s grace. This Classroom Action Research was conducted to address and resolve the problems of Christian students based on the research formulation, particularly through the application of intellectual, moral, and social approaches as strategic steps to enhance educational counseling services. The study employed a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews and field notes. Data analysis was carried out by categorizing findings to generate emerging themes. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with three teacher participants and two student participants. The findings revealed that several students required special attention due to tendencies toward delinquent behavior, while one case indicated a student’s involvement in narcotics. These findings demonstrate that student-related issues require special intervention efforts to improve their spiritual and mental well-being, leading them to a deeper knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ as their personal Savior. The ultimate goal is the salvation of students’ souls and the glorification of the name of the Lord Jesus Christ.

Teaching biblical principles to elementary school children plays a significant role in shaping their faith and character, as childhood represents a formative stage for spiritual, intellectual, and moral development. This study aims to examine developmentally appropriate Bible teaching tactics and emphasize the role of Christian Religious Education teachers in the faith-learning process. The approach used is a literature review that combines theological insights, developmental psychology, and Christian didactics. The findings of this analysis indicate that effective teaching methods include the use of storytelling, visual and creative aids, interactive activities, spiritual music, and the teacher's life example. These methods enhance children’s understanding of biblical teachings in a concrete and contextually relevant manner. This research confirms that Bible teaching should not be seen simply as conveying information, but rather as a holistic process of faith formation. The results of this study provide both theoretical and practical benefits, especially for Christian Religious Education teachers, Christian schools, churches, and families in supporting children's holistic faith development.

The rapid development of AI-assisted programming has encouraged the emergence of vibe coding, an approach to software development in which developers focus more on formulating intentions, contexts, and constraints through prompts rather than writing code manually. However, existing evaluations of AI-generated code still tend to emphasize functional correctness and productivity, and therefore have not fully addressed the relationship between user intent, technical code reliability, and developers’ understanding of the generated artifacts. This study aims to propose a new evaluation method called TD-VCEM (Three-Dimensional Vibe Coding Evaluation Method) to assess vibe coding practices in a more comprehensive and auditable manner. The proposed method consists of three primary dimensions: Intent Alignment to evaluate the conformity of code with prompt requirements, Code Reliability to assess the technical quality of the generated code, and Developer Cognition to measure developers’ understanding of AI-generated code. TD-VCEM is designed through several stages, including prompt decomposition, prompt-to-code traceability matrix, code reliability assessment, and developer cognition evaluation. Each dimension employs indicator-based scoring rubrics normalized on a scale of 0–100, enabling the construction of a Vibe Coding Evaluation Score (VCES). This study does not present empirical experimental results; instead, it offers a methodological framework that can serve as a foundation for evaluating AI-generated code in modern software engineering environments. The proposed TD-VCEM is expected to improve review process transparency, reduce security risks, strengthen software maintainability, and ensure that developers maintain control and understanding of AI-generated code artifacts.

This study aims to analyze people's online shopping behavior and assess its impact on family economic conditions. The development of digital technology has transformed people's consumption habits, particularly in shopping activities, which are now increasingly practical through online platforms. Easy access, product diversity, and various payment options have made online shopping a dominant trend. However, this convenience also has the potential to foster consumer behavior that impacts financial stability. This study aims to analyze bold shopping patterns and their impact on household financial conditions. The approach used is descriptive qualitative library research, collecting and analyzing data from various scientific journals, articles, and related references. The study findings indicate that online shopping has diverse effects: on the one hand, it offers time and cost savings, but on the other hand, it can lead to waste and indiscipline in family budget management if not supported by adequate self-control. Therefore, an understanding of financial management and digital literacy is crucial to ensure optimal use of technology without harming family economic well-being. Furthermore, this phenomenon requires synergy between digital platform policies and consumer education to mitigate the risk of impulsive buying. This research confirms that psychological factors often outweigh objective needs in digital transactions. As a recommendation, adaptive financial management support strategies are needed for families in this era of disruption to maintain domestic economic resilience against the pressures of a modern lifestyle.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Majikan (Sesarengan Book Study Community) activities, identify supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of activities, and examine the contribution of the “Majikan” activities to the development of Islamic education in the community. This study uses a qualitative approach taking the object of the implementation of Islamic education through the “Majikan” activities located in Jatiluhur Village, Rowokele District, Kebumen Regency, with research subjects including the chairman of GP Ansor, the administrators of the “Majikan” activities, religious leaders, and the congregation participating in the “Majikan” activities. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation to then be analyzed descriptively. The results of the study indicate that the Majikan (Sesarengan Book Study Community) activities in Jatiluhur Village are carried out consistently as a form of community-based non-formal Islamic education. These activities include reading sholawat, studying fiqh books regarding basic worship using the bandongan method, as well as closing prayers and mushafahah. This activity was driven by community involvement and support from the village government, despite challenges such as differences in educational backgrounds, time constraints, weather conditions, and location. The contribution of the "Majikan" program is to improve religious understanding, foster appropriate worship behavior, strengthen Islamic brotherhood, and raise social awareness through alms management.

This study is intended to reveal the content of the Pancasila Rahmatan Lil Alamin Student Profile in the Akidah Akhlak textbook for Islamic Junior High Schools based on the Merdeka Curriculum. Through a literature study approach, this research reveals the textbook combines theological, philosophical, and social practice aspects to internalize values ​​such as faith, critical thinking, and harmony in society. The results show that the Akidah Akhlak textbook successfully links spiritual intelligence with skills needed in the 21st century, thus producing students who are intelligent, spiritually strong, and responsible in society. This integration serves as a strong foundation for producing Indonesian students who reflect national identity and universal values ​​in Islam.

This research is motivated by the reality of religious diversity at SMP Pembangunan V Yapis Waena, where non-Muslim students also take part in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) classes. The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the responses of non-Muslim students in receiving PAI lessons, viewed from the aspects of attitudes, behavior, and learning outcomes.This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques that involved the principal, Islamic Religious Education teachers, and non-Muslim students as informants.The findings show that, in general, non-Muslim students respond positively to PAI learning, with a tolerant and open attitude toward universal materials such as morals, ethics, and humanitarian values, although they tend to be passive when dealing with ritual content that does not align with their faith. In terms of behavior, they attend classes on time, follow teacher instructions, participate in group discussions, and complete assignments despite difficulties with Arabic readings. Meanwhile, their learning outcomes are fairly good in general aspects, indicating that PAI lessons benefit them in fostering respect, discipline, and responsibility. The study concludes that PAI learning at SMP Pembangunan V Yapis Waena is accepted by non-Muslim students in a tolerant, adaptive, and constructive manner thanks to inclusive teaching strategies, school policies emphasizing tolerance, and a conducive classroom atmosphere.

This research is based on the importance of implementing the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum in shaping the character and religious understanding of students in madrasas who still face various challenges in practice. The aim of this research is to examine the implementation of the PAI curriculum which includes aspects of planning, implementation and evaluation of learning. The research uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research through reviewing various relevant scientific literature. The research results show that the implementation of the PAI curriculum has been carried out, but has not run optimally, especially in the implementation of learning which is still conventional and evaluations which focus more on cognitive aspects. The research conclusions show that the success of curriculum implementation is influenced by teacher competency, innovation in learning, and the development of a more comprehensive evaluation system.

This study aims to analyze the role of the principal in evaluating the Qur’an reading program using the Batiq Izzati method at RA Al-Izzah in Serang City. The principal holds a strategic responsibility in ensuring the quality of education, including the implementation of religious programs that play a crucial role in shaping Islamic character in early childhood. The Batiq Izzati method is an internally developed approach by the Al-Izzah Foundation, designed to facilitate Qur’an reading through a gradual, enjoyable, and child-friendly method. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the principal has fulfilled eight key leadership roles; however, the evaluation process is not yet optimal due to limited time and insufficient parental involvement. Evaluations are conducted daily by teachers and periodically by the principal to determine students' progress through different levels (jilid). Supporting factors include competent teachers, adequate facilities, and a structured evaluation system, while inhibiting factors involve time constraints and limited human resources. This study recommends strengthening the principal's role in continuous evaluation and fostering better collaboration between the school and parents to enhance the program's effectiveness. 

The muhadoroh activity in schools should serve to enhance students' self-confidence and social interaction skills. However, many students still experience anxiety and difficulty in communicating effectively in public. This indicates that muhadoroh activities have not yet fully optimized their role in supporting students' personal and social development. This study aims to explore students' experiences in participating in muhadoroh, describe its contribution to increasing self-confidence, analyze its role in developing social interaction, and identify the correlation between both. The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, collecting data through interviews and observations of eight informants, including students, OSIS administrators, OSIS advisors, and the principal at SMPIT Al Bina Purwakarta. The findings show that: (1) nervousness decreases through habituation and repeated practice, (2) muhadoroh activities contribute significantly to enhancing students' self-confidence, (3) it strengthens social interactions through collaboration and discussion, and (4) there is a positive relationship between self-confidence and the quality of social interactions. This research enriches the study of experiential learning in Islamic education and is expected to serve as a reference for optimizing muhadoroh activities in schools.

The rapid development of the Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0  and the transition towards Society 5.0 demand an increase in digital literacy and a basic understanding of technology systems starting from secondary education. The Community Service (CS) Program conducted by the Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Presiden aims to introduce the concepts of logic gates and digital systems to students of SMA 1 Cikarang Pusat. This CS integrates theoretical explanations and simulation practice using the online platform Circuitverse. This CS was evaluated using a Likert scale (1–4) questionnaire instrument, namely Expectation (Importance) and Performance, with a total of 40 student respondents. The analysis results show that all indicators received an average performance score above 3.30, with satisfaction indices ranging from 82.50% to 90.62%, which falls into the very high category. The indicator for the use of appropriate technology received the highest score of 90.62%, indicating the relevance of the material to current technological developments. The Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) shows that most indicators are in the 'maintain performance' quadrant, indicating alignment between participants' expectations and the activity's performance. These findings suggest that the workshop is effective in enhancing students' understanding of basic digital system concepts while also fostering interest in engineering and technology fields. The activity underscores the strategic role of universities in bridging the technology literacy gap at the secondary education level in response to the challenges of the IR4.0 and Society 5.0.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the level of digital literacy among students of the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) study program at State Islamic Higher Education Institutions (PTKIN) and its implications for the quality of their understanding of fiqh al-ibadah. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques comprising comprehensive literature study and analysis of student digital behavior trends, this research identifies two poles interacting dynamically: on one hand, the expansion of access to religious content through digital platforms has opened unprecedented opportunities for democratizing Islamic jurisprudence knowledge; on the other, the tendency toward instant content consumption potentially reduces depth of understanding of ijtihad methodology and classical fiqh epistemology. Findings indicate that PAI students generally possess adequate technical digital skills, yet remain weak in the critical literacy dimension namely the ability to evaluate the validity, authority, and religious context of digital sources. This phenomenon produces a literacy paradox: students who appear "digitally literate" operationally are paradoxically vulnerable to fragmented and superficial fiqh understanding. This study recommends integrating critical digital literacy education into the PAI curriculum at PTKIN  not as an elective add-on, but as a core competency embedded inseparably within the broader process of fiqh learning. Only through this approach can PAI students leverage digital platforms optimally as tools that strengthen, rather than replace, the structured and methodological tradition of Islamic scholarship

This study examines the pedagogical transformation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in realizing gender-equitable and inclusive learning. Ideal PAI teacher pedagogy encompasses not only content mastery but also pedagogical competence and social sensitivity capable of responding fairly to learner diversity. This study identifies that traditional teacher-centered, rote-oriented pedagogy with minimal gender awareness constitutes a primary barrier to creating equitable learning environments. The required transformation includes developing cooperative learning strategies, eliminating gender bias in classroom interactions, differentiating instruction according to student needs, and using inclusive stereotype-free teaching materials. The theological foundation of Islam affirms that human dignity regardless of gender as emphasized in QS. Al-Hujurat: 13 aligns with inclusivity values in education, making this transformation an authentic manifestation of the rahmatan lil'alamin principle rather than a deviation from Islamic values. Despite ongoing challenges including entrenched patriarchal culture, limited gender literacy, insufficient inclusive teaching materials, and social resistance, this pedagogical transformation carries broad implications for improving learning quality, strengthening tolerance, and enhancing PAI teacher professionalism in Indonesia.

This study aims to examine the effect of Islamic financial literacy, green orientation, Islamic business ethics, and sustainable innovation on the sustainability performance of fashion SMEs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method, with data collected from 200 fashion SME owners selected through purposive sampling. The analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that all proposed variables significantly influence sustainability performance. Sustainable innovation emerges as the most influential factor, followed by green orientation, Islamic business ethics, and Islamic financial literacy. These results indicate that the integration of sustainability-oriented practices and Islamic values plays a crucial role in enhancing the long-term performance of SMEs. From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the literature by integrating Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory in explaining sustainability performance within an Islamic context. Practically, the findings suggest that SME owners should strengthen their understanding of Islamic principles, adopt environmentally friendly practices, and foster innovation to achieve sustainable competitiveness. This study provides a novel framework by combining Islamic values and sustainability perspectives, particularly in the context of fashion SMEs in a developing country. Future research is recommended to incorporate moderating variables such as government support and digital capability to enrich the model.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs on community welfare. The research employs two variables, namely Corporate Social Responsibility as the independent variable and Community Welfare as the dependent variable. The population of this study consists of residents in Sidomulyo Village, with a sample of 97 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews using a Likert scale that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis method applied in this research is simple regression analysis. The results indicate that Corporate Social Responsibility has a positive and significant effect on community welfare. This finding suggests that well-implemented CSR programs contribute to improving the quality of life, increasing income, strengthening social relationships, and enhancing access to education and health services. Furthermore, CSR programs also support sustainable community development by empowering local communities and improving social and economic conditions. Therefore, CSR plays a strategic role in fostering long-term welfare and development within the community.

Taxes are a primary source of state revenue and play a crucial role in supporting national development. However, increasing tax revenue still faces several challenges, particularly the lack of public awareness in fulfilling tax obligations. This study aims to examine the role of public awareness in improving taxpayer compliance and its impact on state revenue. The approach used in this research is qualitative, reviewing literature from various previous studies. Research findings indicate that tax awareness, understanding, and knowledge have a positive impact on taxpayer compliance. Other economic factors such as inflation, population, and economic growth also play a role in influencing tax revenue. However, external factors such as socialization and tax sanctions show inconsistent results. Consequently, increasing public awareness through tax education is a key strategy for sustainably improving the country's performance. In addition, transparent tax management and effective government communication are important factors in strengthening public trust and encouraging voluntary taxpayer compliance. Therefore, collaboration between the government and society is needed to create a sustainable and effective taxation system that supports national economic growth.