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This study examines the evolving global geopolitical landscape and its implications for Indonesia's diplomacy, focusing on economic, political, and security dimensions. The intensifying rivalry between the United States and China has reshaped global trade, investment flows, and regional security dynamics, posing both challenges and opportunities for Indonesia. Politically, Indonesia must navigate regional tensions, such as the South China Sea dispute, while reinforcing its leadership within ASEAN. Economically, global uncertainties stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruptions, and energy crises necessitate a more proactive economic diplomacy strategy to attract investment and strengthen trade partnerships. In the security domain, emerging threats such as cyber warfare, climate change, and terrorism underscore the urgency of Indonesia's active engagement in international security frameworks. This research employs a qualitative methodology, using a literature review of policy documents, academic publications, and international reports to assess Indonesia's current diplomatic efforts and their effectiveness in addressing the changing global order. The findings indicate that Indonesia faces three primary challenges: maintaining strategic neutrality in great-power competition, ensuring regional stability, and enhancing economic resilience. Strengthening multilateral diplomatic engagements and leveraging Indonesia's position within regional and international organizations is essential for the country to navigate these geopolitical transformations effectively and safeguard its national interests in an increasingly complex global environment.

President Goodluck Jonathan established the Presidential Committee on Rationalization and Restructuring of Federal Government Parastatals, Commissions, and Agencies in August 2011 in an effort to reduce the growing cost of government. The committee, led by Stephen Orosanye, the former Head of the Civil Service of the Federation, produced a report that included various recommendations, some of which have caused uncertainty and anxiety among government workers. The committee reviewed existing legislation and noted in the report that "Nigeria's average cost of governance is considered to be among the highest in the world." All branches of government must work diligently to reduce operating costs if the cost of governance is to be lowered. The report suggested reducing the 263 agencies to 161, with additional recommendations: 38 agencies should be abolished, 52 merged, and 14 transferred back to departments within relevant ministries. It is estimated that around 30,000 people work in these agencies and parastatals, though the exact figures vary. However, it is still unclear how the National Assembly will accept these proposals, given that most of these institutions were established by legislation. Orosanye’s Report has attracted more criticism than support, based on public opinion reflected in the media. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of high governance costs on Nigeria's socioeconomic sectors.

Model penelitian ini dikemas dalam teori identitas sosial yang menggariskan bahwa identitas mampu menggolongkan anggotanya ke dalam kelompok dan identitas sosial kelompok menguatkan seorang anggota menaikkan posisi dirinya dan posisi kelompoknya. Dalam perspektif teori identitas sosial dibangun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bagaimana komitmen organisasi terbentuk untuk meningkatkan kinerja manajerial yang diprediksi oleh manajemen talenta dan kepemimpinan transformasional. Populasi penelitian adalah account representative pada seluruh Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama di Sulawesi Selatan dengan metode pemilihan sampel purposif. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survey online. Analisis data dilakukan dengan regresi berganda dan analisis jalur melalui pengujian sobel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen talenta dan kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitment organisasi. Selanjutnya komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial. Demikian halnya dengan kepemimpinan transformasional yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial. Namun tidak demikian halnya dengan manajemen talenta yang tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial. Temuan lanjutan dari penelitian ini, berdasarkan hasil perhitungan sobel test mengkonfirmasi bahwa komitmen organisasi memediasi pengaruh baik manajemen talenta maupun kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja manajerial

The increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision-making processes has raised significant concerns regarding algorithmic bias and legal accountability. This study examines the regulatory challenges and enforcement gaps in addressing AI bias, with a particular focus on Indonesia’s legal landscape. Through a comparative analysis of AI governance frameworks in the European Union, the United States, China, and Indonesia, this research identifies key deficiencies in Indonesia’s regulatory approach. Unlike the EU’s AI Act, which incorporates risk-based classification and strict compliance measures, Indonesia lacks a dedicated AI legal framework, leading to limited enforcement mechanisms and unclear liability provisions.The findings highlight that transparency mandates alone are insufficient in mitigating algorithmic discrimination, as weak enforcement structures hinder effective regulatory oversight. Furthermore, the study challenges the notion that global AI regulatory harmonization is universally applicable, emphasizing the need for a context-sensitive hybrid model tailored to Indonesia’s socio-legal environment. The research suggests that Indonesia must adopt a comprehensive AI legal framework, strengthen regulatory institutions, and promote interdisciplinary collaboration between legal experts and AI developers. Future research should focus on empirical case studies, the development of context-specific AI accountability models, and the role of public engagement in AI bias mitigation. These efforts will be essential in shaping effective AI governance strategies that ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability in Indonesia’s digital transformation.

Infrastructure development has become a national priority to drive economic growth, with the KPBU (Public-Private Partnership) scheme as a solution to budget limitations. The transformation of PJPK (Project Implementing Agency) law in the latest regulations, including the authority of the Rector of State Universities with Legal Entity (PTN BH) and restrictions on the Board of Directors of Regional-Owned Enterprises (BUMD), demonstrates the policy dynamics that influence the effectiveness of infrastructure management based on KPBU in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical method with legislative and conceptual approaches to analyze regulations and legal theories related to the role of PJPK in KPBU. This approach aims to provide a strong argumentative foundation and a comprehensive analysis of the legal aspects in the implementation of infrastructure based on KPBU. This article emphasizes that the regulatory reform of the PJPK role in KPBU aims to enhance efficiency, accountability, and legal certainty. With the latest regulations, the role of PJPK becomes clearer, accelerating sustainable infrastructure projects and creating a more conducive investment environment for the private sector.

This study aims to analyze the transformation of public services at the village and sub-district levels in the digital era, as well as identify factors that affect the existing service gap, such as limited human resources (HR), low digital literacy of village apparatus, and lack of supporting infrastructure. Although the central government has launched various digitalization programs, such as digital device assistance and human resource training, many villages still face obstacles in implementing technology-based services. This study uses a qualitative approach with case studies in several villages in Indonesia to explore the experiences of village officials and communities related to the digitization of public services. The results of the study show that the majority of village officials have difficulty operating digital technology due to lack of training and digital literacy, while limited infrastructure also hinders the optimization of internet-based services. Village communities who are increasingly aware of the importance of digitalization expect faster and more efficient services, but the digital divide is the main barrier. This research provides recommendations for village governments to increase the digital capacity of village apparatus through continuous training and strengthening digital infrastructure. Overall, the digitization of public services in villages has great potential to improve the efficiency and quality of services, but requires more attention to improving skills and technological facilities at the village level.

Spiritual transformation in the context of social theology has become an important subject in the struggle to build justice and protection for women and chisssldren. This paper aims to investigate the role of spiritual transformation in creating sustainable social change and bringing justice to vulnerable women and children. Spiritual transformation also provides a strong moral and ethical foundation for building legal systems and policies that protect women and children from violence, exploitation and discrimination. Through a holistic

This study aims to analyze in depth the principal’s policies in improving teacher performance at public junior high schools (SMP Negeri) in Keluang District, Musi Banyuasin Regency. The principal plays a strategic role as an educational leader who is responsible for directing, guiding, and developing human resources—particularly teachers—so that they can perform professionally in accordance with the demands of the Merdeka Curriculum. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis. The research subjects include principals, teachers, and school supervisors. The findings reveal that the principal’s policies to improve teacher performance are implemented through four main strategies. First, enhancing teacher competence through training, workshops, academic supervision, and continuous professional development activities. Second, implementing reward and sanction systems to foster motivation and discipline among teachers. Third, building a collaborative work culture through subject teacher discussions (MGMP), regular meetings, and reflective teaching activities. Fourth, strengthening participatory leadership by involving teachers in school planning and evaluation processes. These policies have proven effective in improving teachers’ sense of responsibility, creativity, and instructional innovation. Thus, the principal’s role as a transformational leader is crucial in creating a conducive work environment and fostering efforts to improve the quality of education at the junior secondary school level.

Household environmental problems such as poor waste management, the practice of burning waste, and limited use of home yards remain major challenges in creating clean and healthy residential areas. Dasawisma, as the smallest unit within the PKK structure, holds a strategic role in fostering environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior at the family level. This Community Service Program (PkM) aims to build an environmentally caring community through strengthening the role of Dasawisma, improving members' knowledge, and encouraging new habits in household environmental management. The method used a participatory approach consisting of problem identification, interactive counseling sessions, hands-on practice in waste management and yard utilization, and field mentoring. The results indicate an increase in members' understanding of environmental issues, behavioral changes in sorting organic and inorganic waste, simple composting practices, and the cultivation of plants in home yards. In addition, collective awareness and the emergence of local leaders helped sustain the environmental movement within the community. This program demonstrates that strengthening Dasawisma is an effective family-based empowerment strategy to support social transformation toward a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable environment.

This study aims to find out the Implementation of Transformational Leadership of School Principals in Improving Teacher Motivation and Performance at SMA Negeri 11 Palembang City. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 11 Palembang City in November 2024, the research method used is descriptive qualitative research, namely by conducting interviews and observations on research objects for teachers and education staff. The results of the study stated that the transformational leadership applied succeeded in increasing the motivation and performance of teachers and education staff at SMA Negeri 11 Palembang.

The principal's leadership is one of the important components that determines the growth and sustainability of educational institutions.  School principals have a great opportunity to develop leadership values ​​in the modern era.  To develop education, high-quality and continuously developing leaders are needed.  In addition, school principals must motivate teachers because they have to make a major contribution in the educational environment. This research was conducted using quantitative methods with a correlational type.  This research used a total sampling technique, with a total sample of thirty teachers and academic staff. This research instrument consists of thirty questionnaires, or questionnaires, for each variable. The research results show that the correlation coefficient between the principal's transformational leadership variable (X) and teachers' work motivation (Y) is 0.623, thus the relationship between the two is quite strong.

Food allergies are medical conditions caused by particular immunological reactions brought on by exposure to certain foods. All age groups can experience food allergies, albeit the prevalence varies between children and adults, with children experiencing this condition more frequently than adults. Find food ingredients or substances that can trigger allergies, often known as allergens. This project attempts to determine whether or not the food includes allergies by applying the SVM data mining method to a public dataset of food goods and allergens that was acquired via Kaggle. High accuracy, effective memory use, and the ability to handle non-normally distributed data are some of the benefits of the SVM method. Data collection is the first step in the research process. Data pre-processing, which includes data transformation, handling missing values, and copy objects, comes next. Validation comes next. Split validation with 90% training data and 10% testing data, 10-fold cross validation, and split validation with an 80%–20% ratio were all compared in this study. The SVM method is applied after the dataset has passed validation, and the confusion matrix is used for the last evaluation step. SVM has an accuracy rate of 97.24% when using 10-fold cross validation, according to the accuracy value produced by the validation process comparison. Split validation yields an accuracy value of 97.50% when the ratio of training data to testing data is 90% to 10%. In contrast, an accuracy rate of 98.75% was achieved by using split validation with a ratio of 80% and 20%.

This research aims to explore and optimize the potential convergence between local wisdom and digital transformation in accelerating the development of tourism villages and the achievement of village SDGs. The formulation of the problem raised is how to integrate local wisdom with digital technology to improve the ranking of tourism villages and support the achievement of village SDGs. The research uses a qualitative approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out thematically to identify patterns and relationships between the elements studied. The results of the study show that local wisdom has a vital role as a unique tourist attraction, while digital transformation plays a role in increasing the visibility and efficiency of tourism village management. Tourism villages that apply digital technology have a higher level of visits than conventional ones. The main challenges are the low digital literacy of managers and the limitations of infrastructure. In conclusion, the convergence of local wisdom and digital transformation has great potential in accelerating the development of tourism villages and achieving village SDGs. Successful implementation requires strong collaboration between the government, local communities, and the private sector, as well as increasing the capacity of managers in the use of digital technology.

This study aims to analyze the need to improve the digital literacy of village government apparatus in supporting the digitization of population administration. The problems raised in this study are (1) what digital competencies are needed by village officials to improve the quality of population administration services and (2) what training programs are relevant to improve their digital literacy. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out inductively to understand the challenges and needs of village officials in managing technology-based administration. The results of the study show that the digital literacy of village apparatus is still low, especially in the operation of population administration applications, data security, and the optimal use of information technology. In addition, the limitations of technological infrastructure such as hardware and internet connection are the main obstacles. This study recommends the implementation of basic and advanced training, strengthening technological infrastructure, and supporting policies to improve the digital competence of village apparatus. The conclusion of this study confirms that increasing digital literacy is very important to support the digital transformation of population administration. With adequate competence, public services can become more efficient, accurate, and transparent, which has a positive impact on rural communities and sustainable development.

This study examines the transformation of the Islamic economy during the golden age of the Abbasid Dynasty, characterized by innovations in financial systems, the implementation of fiscal policies based on wealth redistribution, and shifts in social and cultural structures. The background of this research is rooted in the strategic role of the Abbasid Dynasty in creating an advanced Islamic civilization through the integration of economic progress, social growth, and cultural development. The aim of the study is to analyze in depth the dynamics of economic change, its impact on social structures, and its contribution to the development of science and culture during this period. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which involves the search, selection, and synthesis of literature from various credible academic sources. The findings indicate that innovative policies, such as the implementation of primitive banking systems, zakat and waqf mechanisms, and infrastructure development, support inclusive economic growth and equitable wealth distribution. The implications of this study suggest that the principles of the Islamic economy implemented during the Abbasid era can serve as a reference in designing modern economic policies that are just, sustainable, and responsive to socio-cultural dynamics.

This study investigates the strategic use of language in social media political campaigns, with particular emphasis on its impact on audience engagement and public discourse transformation. Through a comprehensive theoretical framework incorporating the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, Elaboration Likelihood Model, Critical Discourse Analysis, and Framing Theory, the research examines complex linguistic patterns, sentiment variations, and framing strategies across 10,000 campaign posts from major social media platforms. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining computational linguistics analysis with qualitative discourse examination. Using natural language processing tools and manual coding, researchers analyzed linguistic features including lexical choice, syntactic structures, metaphorical expressions, and rhetorical devices. Results reveal sophisticated patterns of deliberate linguistic manipulation designed to evoke specific emotional responses (72% of posts), reinforce political ideologies (65%), and adapt to temporal and platform-specific contexts (83%). The findings demonstrate that campaign language strategically evolves across different platforms, with Twitter showing more aggressive rhetoric (58%) compared to Facebook (31%) and Instagram (27%). Additionally, temporal analysis reveals significant shifts in linguistic strategies during critical campaign periods, with increased emotional language use during key political events (92% correlation). This research contributes to our understanding of digital political communication and offers practical insights for analyzing social media campaign strategies.

This study examines the process of acculturation between Sundanese culture and Islam in the context of cultural transformation in the Sundanese region. The background of the research is rooted in the convergence of traditional values and Islamic influences that have been ongoing since the 14th century, resulting in a harmonious yet dynamic cultural synthesis. The aim of the study is to understand how Islamic values are adapted into Sundanese traditions and their impact on the social identity of the community. A qualitative approach employing participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentary study was used to extract rich empirical data. The research findings indicate that acculturation occurs through a negotiation of values across generations, leading to modifications in rituals, symbols, and social practices that preserve the essence of local culture while accommodating Islamic requirements. The implications of this study provide new insights into the adaptive dynamics of cultural interaction in the face of modernization and globalization, and have the potential to serve as a basis for developing cultural preservation policies that are responsive to contemporary changes.

This research aims to determine how much influence Transformational Leadership Style and Workload have on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at Bank Nagari Main Branch. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire filled in by 67 employees as respondents. The analytical method used is Structural Equalition Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS).The results of data analysis conclude (1) Transformational Leadership Style has a positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction.  (2) Workload has a positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction. (3) Transformational Leadership Style has a positive and insignificant effect on Employee Performance. (4) Workload has a positive effect on employee performance. (5) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. (6) Transformational Leadership Style has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction. (7) Workload has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction.

This study examines Ahmad Dahlan's thoughts on education as a means of community empowerment and social transformation. Ahmad Dahlan, the founder of the Muhammadiyah organization, viewed education as the primary tool to liberate Muslims from ignorance, backwardness, and social injustice. His educational approach integrated religious and general sciences while providing practical skills relevant to societal needs. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study to explore Ahmad Dahlan's educational concepts and their application in community empowerment. The findings reveal that Ahmad Dahlan emphasized inclusive education, ensuring access for all social groups, including the poor and women, while focusing on the development of individuals with strong social and moral awareness. In his perspective, education functions as an agent of social change, fostering a more just, prosperous, and civilized society. Rooted in Islamic values, his educational model remains relevant in addressing modern educational challenges.    

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has significantly transformed the shipping logistics and supply chain management sectors. This study explores the impact of digitalization on these industries, focusing on the integration of technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The primary objective of this research is to analyze how digital tools enhance operational efficiency, reduce costs, and improve decision-making in logistics and supply chain operations. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, including case studies and surveys, the study identifies key trends and challenges faced by organizations adopting these technologies. Findings reveal that digitalization leads to improved transparency, real-time tracking, and enhanced collaboration across the supply chain. However, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, high implementation costs, and the need for skilled labor remain significant. The implications of these findings suggest that while digital transformation offers considerable benefits, organizations must carefully manage the transition to ensure sustainability and long-term success.