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The Middle Ages in Islamic history is a century filled with thinkers and ideas from various fields. One of the experts at that time was the genius Islamic thinker Ibn Khladun who is famous among modern intellectuals. Ibn Khaldun is considered an expert in the fields of history, sociology, and politics. This research uses a literary method approach to explore the concept of asabiyah in Ibn Khaldun's thought and its implications for the formation and management of the state. Data is collected from various written sources such as books, journals, literature and scientific publications. Ibn Khaldun's view states that asabiyah which contains the spirit of brotherhood and group solidarity can be the key to the success of a country when utilized positively. But if directed negatively to unlimited fanaticism, asabiyah can threaten the stability and justice of government. Ibn Khaldun also underlined the importance of a leader who fulfills the characteristics of Imamah, namely strength, wisdom and the ability to lead fairly in accordance with his religious beliefs. Through understanding the idea of ashabiyah and the principles put forward by Ibn Khaldun, this study highlights the process of forming the state and government by the community. In addition, Ibn Khaldun divided his views on politics into two main components: the state and the leader. He asserted that a state will continue to develop from primitive times to more civilized times, with the expectation of production, civilization, wisdom, and strength that can overcome complex political situations. Therefore, asabiyah is not just an abstract concept, but also has a strong and real influence on the social and political dynamics of society and the people. Ibn Khaldun's work remains an important source of learning in both Western and Eastern countries to this day.

This research aims to determine the factors that cause learning boredom in class VIII middle school students in Indonesian language subjects and the efforts that teachers must make to overcome student learning boredom. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collected through observation and interviews. The research techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of research on the factors that cause student learning boredom are the method of delivering material that is too monotonous, Indonesian language subjects that are less popular, tight class hours and heavy learning evaluations. Meanwhile, efforts that must be made by teachers are using varied learning methods, doing ice breaking, approach to students, a fun learning atmosphere, and occasionally learning outside the classroom.    

The implementation of bureaucratic reform at the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs of the Republic of Indonesia is still seen as an additional task and has not become an integrated part of the strategy to increase efficiency and effectiveness in realizing agency performance, then the organizational and governance restructuring carried out still requires adjustments to tasks and functions in achieving output as expected, then another problem is the still limited professionalism of the apparatus, especially in terms of competence and commitment in implementing bureaucratic reforms. This study aims to identify and analyze the strategy for implementing bureaucratic reform in government institutions, the Office of the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs of the Republic of Indonesia, especially the Secretariat General based on Geoff Mulgan's theory, of purpose, environment, direction, action, learning. The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study show that the objective indicators are optimal, namely the leaders of the bureaucratic reform team and employees are trying to increase the value of bureaucratic reform indicators with various activity programs. Environmental indicators are not optimal, due to the lack of human resources in abilities, knowledge, attitudes. The direction indicator is optimal, because employees get guidance and direction from the leader in terms of coordination, communication and motivation. The action indicators have not been optimal, because they are still faced by unresolved obstacles such as the transfer of positions between units and policy changes. In learning indicators that are not optimal, in the performance targets of each individual and organizational performance, the results are still lacking and there are still supervisors who do not reflect the feasibility and appropriateness so that they must be retested in order to realize good practice.

One of the training programs that can increase economic income is making Aromatherapy candles, namely by utilizing used cooking oil waste, taking into account that the available resources are easy to obtain and also ingredients that can be used every day. The aim of this community service is to empower young housewives, young men and women and students around residential areas to produce Aromatherapy candle products from used cooking oil and increase community knowledge about how to make Aromatherapy candles using environmentally friendly raw materials. The method of implementing this training is a direct demonstration of aromatherapy candle making techniques using prepared materials and how to make them. The results of the training show the potential for significant social change, both in material (candle production) and non-material (change in mindset) aspects. Changes in participants' mindsets about waste and entrepreneurship reflect a transformative learning process.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the English British Council in improving the English reading skills of second semester students at Bhinneka PGRI University in the academic year 2023/2024. The experimental method was conducted at the university, focusing on second semester students during that academic year, with a sample of 22 students. The results showed a significant improvement in reading skills after using the British Council English application in learning. The difference in scores between the pre-test (63.41) and post-test (89.55) showed the success of the app. The paired samples t-test confirmed the results with a significance of 0.000, indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis. In conclusion, the use of English British Council is effective in improving students' English reading skills

Children with Special Needs (CSN) are children who have physical or psychological deficiencies. One example is children with Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Autistic children have different spectrums in each child. Every child with ASD has unique characteristics; they all have neurological issues, but their preferences and ways of adapting to their environment vary from child to child. Children with ASD require special education or therapy to be trained to become independent in the future. Children with ASD are one type of CSN, and they, of course, require welfare services and will interact with social workers. Social workers will intervene using social work methods and provide programs to restore the social functioning of children with ASD. The goal of this fieldwork is a form of dedication to the community. Through the prayer learning that has been implemented, it is hoped that children with ASD will be able to meet their spiritual needs as religious individuals.

This community service was carried out by the SLB Global School teacher Jalan H. Agus Salim, Alue Berawa Village, Langsa District, Langsa City.  The problem faced is that learning methods for students with special needs are not yet optimal.  The aim of the research is to optimize the ability of special education teachers to use learning methods for students with special needs. The method used is descriptive with accompanying presentation, discussion and training techniques for participants regarding the importance of learning methods for students with special needs. The results of this research are that teachers can optimize learning methods for students with special needs who are hearing impaired. So that it can foster differentiated, fun and meaningful learning for children with special needs.

This research explains mathematical constructions using APOS theory which are used to improve students' understanding abilities in the learning process. The method used in this research is literature study. The conclusion in this research is that mathematical construction based on apos theory can improve students' understanding abilities, apart from increasing students' understanding abilities it can also make students more active in learning. Research conclusions This is proven by various research results from other people that have been carried out previously

In learning mathematics, calculation techniques are indispensable. However, a common issue encountered is the lack of proficiency in calculations, whether it be addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. Jarimatika is a method of mathematical calculation using the fingers as tools to facilitate arithmetic operations, especially multiplication. This activity aims to socialize and understand the responses of students and teachers towards the use of the Jarimatika method in elementary schools. The results of the activity showed that students were very enthusiastic during the activity and found it easier to perform multiplication operations using the Jarimatika method. The teachers' response was also very positive and they appreciated this activity. From this activity, it was proven that the Jarimatika method helps elementary school students become quicker and more proficient in multiplication operations

This research aims to determine the teaching competence of Civic Education teachers in terms of their Mood Swing in teaching at Budisatrya Medan High School. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytic approach, by collecting data through interviews with students and teachers, as well as observations in the school environment. The results of the research show that teachers at Budi Satrya High School Medan have quite fluctuating moods. Factors that influence teachers’ mood swings , both internal factors (health conditions, personal problems, and stress levels) and external factors (class conditions, support from the school, and work pressure), have a significant impact on decreasing motivation, creativity, and teacher performance in teaching during the learning process. Changes in a teacher’s mood are influenced by various factors, such as health conditions, personal problems, and dynamics in the classroom. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of knowledge of civic education teachers’ teaching competencies in terms of their mood swings in teaching at school

The school environment requires each other to interact and communicate every day. The problem in research is that deaf students who have hearing impairments need knowledge to be able to coexist with society. Teachers really need the right communication approach so that students can understand what is being conveyed so that there will be a reciprocal relationship between the two. The purpose of this research is to determine teachers' communication approaches in social interactions with deaf students. This research explains how a communication approach is important in the social interactions of deaf students through interactions in classroom learning and also in the school environment. This research uses qualitative research methods using Burgoon's interaction adaptation theory which discusses nine principles in adaptation. This research uses data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The results of this research are that adaptation in the communication approach in social interaction of deaf students requires adapting interaction patterns, varying distance patterns and strategies as well as the importance of behavior in adaptation. Apart from that, in the communication approach the teacher determines communication media in the learning process in the classroom and provides direction to students to increase social interaction. Learning to develop sound and rhythm perception as well as speech development, these activities are efforts made by the school to increase social interaction for deaf students. Communication patterns in teaching at SLB B YPAC Palembang are two-way communication.

The position of humans in the eyes of God is considered equal, but often it is humans themselves who create differences in treatment towards fellow humans. This differential treatment is particularly felt by individuals with physical, mental, or intellectual limitations, known as people with disabilities. Disability is defined as a condition in which someone experiences long-term physical, intellectual, mental, and/or sensory limitations, resulting in obstacles and difficulties in social interaction. This article discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by people with disabilities in the workplace, as well as the government's role in creating inclusive employment opportunities and laws that protect their rights in the workplace. Despite the existence of many laws regulating this matter, people with disabilities often still face discrimination in the workplace. The method used in writing this article is through literature review, involving understanding and learning theories relevant to the topic.

This research aims to investigate the role of information technology in enhancing school correspondence at MAS PAB 1 Sampali. The introduction of the research explains the importance of using information technology to improve communication effectiveness in the educational environment. The research method used is qualitative with a literature review approach, involving analysis of various related literature. The research objectives are to understand the implementation of digital platforms in school correspondence, the impact of information technology on interaction and social relations in schools, and enhancing communication effectiveness among schools. The research findings indicate that digital platforms have had a positive impact in facilitating online learning, expanding communication networks among students, teachers, and parents, and increasing engagement in school life. However, the use of technology also brings challenges related to privacy and data security that must be addressed with appropriate policies and security measures. In conclusion, information technology has great potential to enhance school communication effectiveness, but its use must be managed wisely to ensure data security and privacy are maintained.

The application of the active learning strategy in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) has gained attention due to its ability to enhance deep understanding of the subject matter. This study aims to analyze the impact of active learning on students' understanding of IRE material in the classroom. Using a qualitative research method through a literature review, this study examines various relevant sources on the concept and strategies of active learning and its effects on students' religious understanding. The findings indicate that active learning increases student engagement, deepens their understanding of Islamic values, and develops critical and analytical thinking skills. However, the implementation of this strategy faces challenges, such as time constraints, limited resources, and the readiness of both teachers and students. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of adopting an active approach in IRE teaching to create more meaningful and relevant learning experiences.

This research aims to analyze effective strategies in optimizing the use of social media, especially the YouTube and Instagram platforms, by students of Syari’ah business law courses. The focus of the research is to identify students' efforts to use social media as a relevant and useful tool in the context of social media business from an Islamic perspective and legal protection issues related to existing YouTube and Instagram social media content. The research method used is qualitative, with strategic analysis through surveys, interviews and observations of Syari’ah business students, especially content owners (Youtubers) and users who actively use YouTube as a medium for uploading content. , Content created by YouTubers is considered copyrighted. The data obtained was then analyzed to explore and document aspects of the Kedungsapur area that were thoroughly researched. The results of this research provide detailed insight into optimizing social media use of Syari’ah   business law students by uncovering unintentional mentions and attributions to certain parties throughout the public domain. This can lead to defamation, which is prohibited in Islam and violates the ITE Law, Islam emphasizes the importance of conveying information accurately and not manipulating or misusing facts. Further findings show that the presence of hackers has an impact on how content creators protect YouTube and Instagram. The meaning of this research can contribute to the development of innovative learning strategies and deepen students' understanding of the application of the law Syari’ah trading in the digital era.

Education in Indonesia is currently experiencing a significant paradigm shift, with an increasing focus on developing student independence. This article aims to investigate good practices that support educational transformation towards independence at SMA Negeri 3 Medan. The research method used is a qualitative approach, through in-depth interviews with teaching staff, classroom observations, and analysis of school documents. The research results show that there are a number of good practices at SMA Negeri 3 Medan that support student independence. Among them are the implementation of project-based learning which encourages students to take initiative and collaborate in solving problems, the use of technology as a learning tool that expands access to information, as well as the development of diverse extracurricular programs to facilitate the development of students' skills and interests outside the academic curriculum.These findings highlight the commitment of SMA Negeri 3 Medan in creating a learning environment that supports student independence. The implication of these findings is the importance of adopting liberating educational practices in other schools to increase learning effectiveness and prepare students to face complex future challenges.

 Learning media is one aspect of increasing the success of learning. Using creative and interesting learning media will certainly make it easier for students to accept lessons. Kahoot! is a learning media in the form of a game that can be accessed on the website. The purpose of this outreach is to see whether the learning media Kahoot! useful for increasing students' interest in adding vocabulary. The methods used in carrying out this socialization are lecture methods, application use demos and question and answer sessions. The series of socialization activities include: (1) Students do practice questions regarding vocabulary manually (without game teaching media) (2) Then go to the step of providing an explanation about the Kahoot! learning application! (3) During this explanation session students will be explained the steps for using the Kahoot! application, (4) Followed by a question and answer session, (5) After the question and answer session several students are selected to come forward to try the Kahoot! (6) Students download the Kahoot! on their smartphone/laptop and work on the questions given. (7) Students do practice questions regarding vocabulary in the Kahoot! application. This socialization was carried out at the Pekanbaru Professional Development Vocational School. The subjects of this socialization are students of class X Tourism Travel Business with a learning time of 2 hours.

One of the Community Service Lecture programs carried out by STAI Students. DR. KHEZ. Muttaqien Purakarta is a literacy movement to increase children's interest in reading in Depok Village, Darangdan District, Purwakarta Regency which focuses on students at SD Negeri 1 Depok. In this case, basically the results of observations, interviews and direct participation in the learning process resulted in the problem that from class I to class VI there were some students who were not yet fluent in reading in each class. This is due to low interest in reading, lack of teachers, and libraries that are less than optimal in use. So, this is what makes us carry out a literacy movement program with the activities of providing a mobile library, book review activities and literacy posts with the aim of providing literacy facilities and forming habits in children in order to increase interest in reading among students at SD Negeri 1 Depok in particular and generally for children from Depok Village. In implementing this program, qualitative methods and a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach are used, all of which lead to a context of discovery, empowerment and change.

Libraries are part of the learning resources that every school and college must have. Because students easily search for information or knowledge through the library. This community service aims to socialize Information Management at the SMA Negeri 7 Binjai Library through the Use of Website-Based Applications. This community service method uses a socialization approach to students, female students, and teachers of SMA Negeri 7 Binjai. The results of this study explain that a library is an organization tasked with collecting information, processing, presenting, and serving the information needs of library users. The existence of this web-based library is very helpful for students, students, and teachers in obtaining information more quickly and helping the work of librarians in managing libraries that will be with tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands, even millions of collections, with services covering the school community (students, education staff, and the wider community), so it needs to be supported by an automation system that is futuristic (has a forward reach), so that it can always maintain excellent service.

This activity aims to explore the use of Google Colaboratory as a basic introduction tool to Python programming. The research methodology involves analyzing the features of Google Colaboratory, implementing basic Python code, and observing user experiences. Research findings indicate that Google Colaboratory provides high accessibility without the need for additional installation or configuration requirements, enabling users to quickly initiate Python programming. Furthermore, the platform offers sharing and online collaboration capabilities and provides computational resources suitable for intensive data processing tasks. The implications of this research suggest that Google Colaboratory can be an effective solution in supporting Python programming learning, especially for beginners. With a user-friendly interface and easy access, this platform has the potential to facilitate the development of programming skills for a broader audience.