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Writing proficiency in Arabic is a complex productive skill that requires mastery of vocabulary, sentence structure, and appropriate language use within context. In foreign language learning institutions such as the Jalaluddin Ar-Rumi Dormitory, the writing process is often influenced by external factors, including the Arabic-speaking environment and social interaction among students. This study aims to analyze the extent to which these two factors affect students' Arabic writing skills. A quantitative approach with a correlational survey design was used. The sample consisted of 40 purposively selected students. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire to measure the Arabic-speaking environment and social interaction, as well as a writing test to assess writing ability. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that both the Arabic-speaking environment and social interaction had a positive and significant effect on writing skills, with the Arabic-speaking environment having a more dominant influence. These findings highlight the importance of creating a learning atmosphere that actively and interactively supports the use of Arabic. The implications of this study point to the need for strengthening language immersion strategies and structured social interaction programs as integral components in developing Arabic writing proficiency in language institutions.

This article discusses the expression development activities and character education of children at the Baitussalam Orphanage in Blitar Regency through a social service program with the theme "Children's Voices for the World Through Pictures and Words." This program is designed by dividing into 2 groups, namely for children aged 10-14 years with a focus on public speaking training aimed at increasing self-confidence, communication skills, and courage to speak in public. Meanwhile, for children aged 5-9 years, activities include coloring and storytelling which aim to hone creativity and language skills in a fun and interactive way. In addition to these activities, there is also material related to character education, which is an integral part of this program to form positive attitudes and moral values from an early age. The approach used is tailored to the developmental stage of the child's age, so as to maximize their potential for expression through pictures and words, as well as foster self-confidence and social skills that are important for their future. This program demonstrates that the development of public speaking and creative expression through art and storytelling can be an effective medium in children's character education in an orphanage environment.

This study explores the integral relationship between aqidah (faith) and sharia (Islamic law) in Islam as a unified system that governs a Muslim's way of life. Aqidah serves as the foundation of belief, while sharia represents the practical implementation of that faith across all aspects of life. The disintegration between these two elements has led to various negative social phenomena, including hypocrisy, secularism, and moral decline. Using a qualitative approach and library research method, this study deeply examines primary Islamic sources such as the Qur'an, Hadith, classical texts, and contemporary Islamic thought. The findings reveal that integrating aqidah and sharia education is an urgent necessity within Islamic educational systems, aiming to shape a generation of Muslims who possess a comprehensive understanding of faith and consistently practice Islamic teachings. This integrated educational model is essential for developing individuals with strong character, rooted in faith, and capable of facing contemporary challenges while adhering to divine values.

Worship leadership training represents a strategic initiative in nurturing the spiritual character of Christian students from their adolescent years. This program was implemented at SMA Hidup Baru Ciumbeluit in March 2023, with the primary objective of equipping students to lead worship services independently and responsibly. The training employed a hands-on, experiential approach, granting students the opportunity to design and lead complete worship sessions. The outcomes demonstrated notable improvements in self-confidence, coordination skills, and the students’ comprehension of Christian liturgical structure. Furthermore, the program served as a platform for character formation, instilling values such as discipline, collaboration, and servant-oriented leadership. This article explores the theological, educational, and psychological dimensions of student involvement in worship leadership. The initiative proved to be an effective model for preparing the younger generation to actively engage in ministry, both within the school environment and in broader ecclesial and community contexts. As such, similar training programs are recommended to be conducted regularly as an integral part of faith development and discipleship for Christian youth.

Corporations as legal entities have become an integral part of the national economic system. However, behind its contribution to economic growth, not a few corporations are involved in economic crimes such as corruption, tax evasion, money laundering, to monopoly and cartel practices. These corporate crimes have a broad and systemic impact, not only harming the state from a financial perspective, but also damaging a healthy economic order and creating social injustice. In the context of Indonesian criminal law, the implementation of accountability for corporations as perpetrators of criminal acts still faces various challenges, both in terms of regulations, technical law enforcement, and understanding of law enforcement officials. This research aims to evaluate the extent to which the implementation of criminal liability against corporations in cases of national economic crimes as well as identify relevant obstacles and solutions. The method used is a normative juridical approach by examining various laws and regulations, jurisprudence case studies, and related scientific literature. The results show that although the recognition of corporations as subjects of criminal law has been contained in several sectoral laws, its implementation is still partial and has not touched the root of the problem, especially in proving structural corporate guilt. Therefore, there is a need for regulatory reform, strengthening the capacity of law enforcement institutions, and integrating a multidisciplinary approach in dealing with corporate crime. By strengthening criminal accountability towards corporations, it is hoped that the Indonesian criminal law system will be able to provide a deterrent effect while maintaining national economic integrity.

It is impossible to disentangle customary law from the fabric of a community as it is an integral aspect of society as a whole.  The national legal system in Indonesia also develops as society evolves in response to shifting social, cultural, economic, and political demands.  Through the lens of positive legislation and field practices, this study adopts a juridical-sociological method to better understand how indigenous people's rights are legally protected in environmental management.  By taking a legal stance, we may analyse the constitutional guarantees and statutes that protect indigenous peoples' rights from 1945 forward.  At the same time, the sociological method seeks to understand indigenous populations' experiences with, reactions to, and advocacy for their right to a sustainable environment in light of these legislative obligations.  The 1945 Constitution guarantees, in Article 18B paragraph (2).

This study aims to explain the urgency of instilling character values in education in the modern era, describe the strategies or approaches used in the educational environment, and identify challenges and solutions in their implementation. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with the research subjects consisting of teachers, students, and principals at primary and secondary education levels. The results show that the cultivation of character values such as honesty, responsibility, discipline, tolerance, and cooperation is very important to form learners who not only excel in academics, but also have moral integrity and emotional maturity. Strategies used in character cultivation include integration of character values in learning, habituation of positive attitudes, teacher role models, and extracurricular activities. The main challenges in implementing character education are the negative influence of digital media, the weak role of the family, and the lack of consistency in character development. Solutions include improving educators' competence in character education, strengthening cooperation between schools and parents, and creating a school environment that supports a positive culture. Thus, character education should be an integral part of the education system, through synergistic cooperation between schools, families and communities.

Science continues to advance over time. This development has led to the birth of various new technologies that mark the progress of the times. Currently, technology has entered the digital era, where almost all areas of life are beginning to utilize these advances to increase work efficiency and effectiveness. In Indonesia, digital transformation has also penetrated various sectors, including education. This change presents a significant opportunity for the world of education to expand access, improve the quality of learning, and encourage innovation in teaching methods. As an entity closely linked to human culture and civilization, education has undergone significant changes in the era of globalization. The use of digital technologies, such as online learning, learning management systems (LMS), and interactive media, has become an integral part of the educational process. This not only facilitates the delivery of material but also opens up more flexible and inclusive learning opportunities for various levels of society. However, behind these opportunities, challenges also arise, such as disparities in technology access, low digital literacy in some communities, and the need to adapt curricula and teaching methods to be relevant to current developments. Therefore, the success of educational transformation in the digital era depends not only on the availability of technology but also on the readiness of human resources, including educators and students, to optimize its use. Therefore, the development of digital science and technology has become a driving force for global educational change. Education is required to adapt quickly and accurately to produce a generation that is not only academically intelligent.

Digital lifestyle has become an integral part of university students' daily lives, involving the use of social media, digital devices, and digital content consumption. The development of digital technology has positive impacts, facilitating easy access to information and social interactions. However, excessive use can lead to digital stress, which negatively affects students' mental health. This study aims to identify the key factors influencing students' digital lifestyles and analyze their relationship with stress levels. A quantitative approach with a survey method was employed, using a questionnaire to measure digital lifestyle, including social media usage frequency and digital device interaction duration, along with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to measure students' stress levels. The factor analysis results show that social media usage and prolonged interaction with digital devices are significant factors contributing to students' stress. Furthermore, sleep disturbances and social anxiety were identified as other significant factors associated with increased stress. The multivariate regression analysis confirmed that students who spent more time on social media reported higher stress levels, associated with social anxiety and sleep disturbances caused by digital addiction. This study suggests the importance of managing digital device usage and raising students' awareness of the negative impacts of excessive social media use. The findings imply the need for support from universities and mental health organizations to provide interventions that help students manage their digital lifestyles, reduce stress, and improve their mental well-being.

The phenomenon of “nongki,” a colloquial term for hanging out, has become an integral part of today’s youth lifestyle. This activity is not only about passing the time but also functions as a medium for social interaction, idea exchange, and even content creation for social media. Among various hangout spots, coffee shops have emerged as the most favored places for young people. Coffee shops are chosen not only for their beverage and snack offerings but also for their cozy, aesthetic ambiance and supportive facilities such as Wi-Fi and power outlets. These advantages make coffee shops an ideal place for social gatherings, studying, and even working. This study aims to describe young people's preferences for coffee shops as hangout spots and analyze the factors that make them superior to other options like food stalls, city parks, or food courts. Observational findings reveal that beyond menus and location, interior design, customer service, and digital accessibility are key determinants in selecting coffee shops.

This article discusses the implementation of movement and dance arts learning in Smart and Cheerful PAUD as an effort to optimize early childhood development. Movement and dance arts activities have been proven to have a positive impact on gross and fine motor skills, creativity, social-emotional, and children's self-expression. This study used observation and ability test methods on children's participation in art activities. The results showed that most children were able to follow simple dance movements, recognize musical rhythms, dare to perform, and demonstrate good body coordination. Movement and dance arts learning not only supports physical and emotional growth, but also strengthens children's love for local culture. Therefore, movement and dance arts need to be made an integral part of the PAUD curriculum in a structured and enjoyable way, so that they can have a holistic impact on children's development.

This study aims to analyze students’ difficulties in understanding the concept of Stokes’ Theorem in the Vector Calculus course. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collected through semi-structured interviews with mathematics education students who have studied the topic. The results show that students struggle to comprehend the relationship between line integrals and surface integrals, as well as to connect the concept of curl with vector direction in three-dimensional space. Limited understanding of prerequisite material and the lack of visual media further exacerbate these difficulties. Students reported that learning methods based on visualization and group discussion were helpful. This study recommends the use of contextual learning strategies and interactive media to improve students’ understanding of abstract concepts in Stokes’ Theorem.

This research aims to find out the Governance of the Government in Overcoming Flood Disaster Conditions in the Pahandut Seberang Settlement Kawasam. The research method used in this research is descriptive method. Data was collected through field observations. This research was conducted in Pahandut Seberang Village, Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan Province. Based on existing data as a research site in flood-affected areas in Pahandut Seberang Village at the location of residents in RT 02, 03, 04 and 05. The research time was carried out from the date of issuance of the research permit within a period of 3 (three) months, 1 (one) month of data collection and 2 (two) months of data analysis. Materials and tools used in research include stationery, cameras, and observation guides. The process of analysing qualitative research data is an integral part of data analysis activities such as: data reduction, data presentation & conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study indicate that to be able to get solutions to overcome these various obstacles, namely: Flooding in Kelurahan Pahandut Seberang has a significant impact on the social and economic conditions of the community. Social impacts include damage to homes, disruption of daily activities, and health problems. Economic impacts include losses from the agriculture sector, small businesses, and loss of transport access.

Traditional games are an integral part of children's lives, providing not only pleasure but also serving as an educational tool that supports physical development, particularly in gross motor skills. This study aims to determine the effect of the traditional Kalari game on the development of gross motor skills in early childhood. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with observation techniques through checklist instruments in 9 children aged 4-5 years at Kiddi Care Kindergarten, Gorontalo City. The results showed that most children showed good gross motor development, where 10 children had met all motor indicators, such as the ability to jump, run zigzag, and maintain balance, 6 children met some of the indicators, and 2 children still showed limitations. Activities in the Kalari game provide opportunities for children to actively move, coordinate, and work together in a team, so that they can stimulate gross motor skills in a fun way. In addition, this game also instills character values ​​such as discipline, sportsmanship, and togetherness. Thus, the traditional Kalari game is very effective and worthy of being used as a learning medium to develop gross motor skills while strengthening children's character from an early age.

Christian Religious Education (CRE) not only functions as a means of delivering theological teachings, but also as a strategic medium in developing students' soft skills. This article aims to explore how Christian moral values ​​such as love, honesty, empathy, and justice can be integrated into learning practices to shape students' character and interpersonal skills. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study collected data through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results show that PAK, through activities such as group discussions, social services, spiritual reflection, and project-based learning, contributes significantly to developing students' communication, leadership, cooperation, and emotional intelligence skills. The role of teachers as facilitators and moral role models is a key factor in the success of this process. Thus, PAK not only enriches the spiritual aspect, but also prepares students to become resilient and integral individuals in social life. The integration of faith values ​​with life skills is a strong foundation in forming a generation of Christians who are able to answer the challenges of the 21st century.

Marriage is a universal social institution, yet its implementation is profoundly shaped by distinctive local cultural values. One such cultural manifestation is the Merari’ tradition practiced by the indigenous Sasak community in Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. This tradition refers to the practice of "elopement," which forms an integral part of customary rituals uniting two individuals in marital bonds. This study aims to explore in depth the fundamental reasons why the Sasak people continue to uphold the Merari’ tradition amidst the tides of modernization and the bureaucratization of national marriage law. It also seeks to describe the procedural and normative structure of the Merari’ marriage process from the perspective of customary law. Furthermore, this research investigates the types of customary sanctions imposed when individuals violate the traditional norms of marriage. This study uses a socio-legal approach, which not only examines written legal norms (positive law) but also considers how these norms are applied and function within society, particularly through the practice of Merari’ in the Sasak community. The findings show that the Merari’ tradition is not merely a romanticized relic of the past, but a form of cultural resistance against the dominance of formal law, which is often perceived as inadequate in accommodating local values. The Merari’ process follows a clearly defined sequence—starting from mutual agreement between the couple, the act of elopement, reporting to customary leaders, and culminating in the nyelabar ceremony, which serves as the social ratification of the marriage. In cases of violation or deviation from these customary norms, community elders may impose sanctions such as traditional fines (material penalties), social exclusion, or prohibition from participating in customary events. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the Merari’ tradition holds legal legitimacy within the framework of customary law, as it is carried out on the basis of social consensus, noble values, and binding communal norms. Its persistence illustrates a dynamic relationship between state law and customary law, wherein both systems can coexist in parallel, provided there is mutual recognition and space for dialogue. Thus, there is an urgent need for an integrative legal approach in the formulation of national legal policies—an approach that is not only normative, but also contextual and responsive to the legal pluralism present in Indonesian society.  

Birrul Walidain is a concept in Islam that emphasizes the importance of filial piety and treating parents well. This term comes from the words "birr" which means goodness and "walidain" which means parents. This concept is an integral part of Islamic teachings and has broad implications in everyday life. In the Al-Qur'an, Allah SWT commands Muslims to be filial to their parents, as stated in Surah Al-Isra' verses 23-24. This verse emphasizes the importance of treating parents well, not disobeying them, and always praying for them. In everyday life, Birrul Walidain can be realized by obeying parents' orders, treating them with courtesy and respect, and always praying for them. In this way, Muslims can gain the approval of Allah SWT and strengthen their relationship with their parents.

Inclusive education is an integral part of human rights guaranteed by the constitution and strengthened through various national regulations and international legal instruments. This article aims to analyze the role of law in ensuring access to inclusive education in Indonesia and examine the effectiveness of the implementation of law-based public policies in this field. Using a normative-juridical approach, this study examines legal provisions such as the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 8 of 2016, and Permendiknas No. 70 of 2009, and examines the challenges of implementation at the regional level. The results of the analysis show that although the legal framework is available, the implementation of inclusive education policies still faces various structural, juridical, and cultural obstacles, such as the lack of special tutors, weak supervision, and the lack of synchronization between central and regional policies. Therefore, inclusive, evaluative, and participatory legal policy reforms are needed to realize fair and equal education for all citizens, especially vulnerable groups.

Early childhood cognitive development is an important foundation for successful learning and further development. One of the factors that significantly influences this development is structured and continuous stimulation education. This study aims to analyze the effect of stimulation education on cognitive development in Kartika XXI-17 Kindergarten. Cognitive ability is the child's ability to think more complexly and to reason and solve problems, the development of this cognitive ability will make it easier for children to master broader general knowledge, so that they can function properly in everyday community life. However, in its development, not all children in Kartika XXI-17 Kindergarten can develop according to their stages. Stimulation education has been proven to be more effective when carried out early, with an approach that is appropriate to the child's developmental stage. In conclusion, stimulation education plays a crucial role in accelerating and optimizing the cognitive development of early childhood, so it needs to be an integral part of child care and education practices.

Aceh is known as a province with cultural diversity and customs that are the outlook on life of its people. Customs are highly preserved because they are ancestral heritage that must be passed on to the next generation. One important aspect of culture is the regional language, which is an inseparable part of people's lives. Language functions as a means of communication to interact and build social relationships. Language is a meaningful expression used to convey messages that can be understood by the listener (Rizky, 2012). The Acehnese people are known to have a strong culture, reflected in the expression "matee aneuk meupat jeurat, gadoh adat pat tamita" which contains deep philosophical values. This expression shows people's awareness of the importance of customs in everyday life. Acehnese customs are an integral part of the culture that continues to live and develop in society. This custom makes a major contribution to the continuity of socio-cultural life in Aceh