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X-ray radiation has been widely used in the medical field for both diagnosis and cancer therapy. However, its biological impact on healthy and cancerous tissues remains a major concern in clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the biological effects of X-ray exposure, including DNA damage mechanisms, cellular responses, and long-term effects on healthy tissues, as well as its effectiveness in killing cancer cells. A meta-analysis was conducted on studies investigating the effects of X-ray radiation on various tissue types. The findings indicate that while X-rays are effective in destroying cancer cells, uncontrolled exposure can lead to genetic mutations and carcinogenesis in healthy tissues. Therefore, the use of X-rays in cancer therapy must consider optimal dosage to maximize therapeutic effects while minimizing risks to healthy tissues.

Background: Preterm labor (PTL) remains a major global health concern, contributing significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), has been implicated as a predisposing factor to PTL. This research investigates association between ASB and PTL, emphasizing inflammatory mediators such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein along with tumor necrosis factor- α. Methods: This observational case-control study was conducted at Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Iraq, involving 100 pregnant women (50 PTL cases and 50 full-term controls). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Urine cultures identified bacterial isolates. In addition, levels of TNF-α and hs-CRP in serum were measured using ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS.  Results: ASB was significantly associated with PTL, with 30% from PTL cases having a positive urine culture compared to 8% in controls (p = 0.009). Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (53%). TNF-α and hs-CRP levels were significantly elevated in PTL cases (p < 0.001), suggesting an inflammatory pathway in PTL pathophysiology. Conclusions: ASB is a significant risk factor for PTL, likely mediated by systemic inflammation. Routine ASB screening and targeted antimicrobial therapy may reduce PTL risk. Further study is required to explore the mechanistic connections amongst microbial infection and inflammatory responses in PTL. 

Organizational culture plays a crucial role in shaping employee behavior and performance. A strong organizational culture fosters a conducive work environment, enhances employee engagement, and motivates them to achieve optimal performance. This study aims to analyze how organizational culture influences employee behavior and performance while identifying the key cultural elements that significantly impact productivity. This research employs a literature review method, examining recent scholarly works on organizational culture, employee behavior, and performance. The findings indicate that a positive organizational culture—characterized by open communication, alignment of values with company goals, and managerial support—directly enhances work motivation, job satisfaction, and employee productivity. Conversely, a weak organizational culture can lead to dissatisfaction, high turnover rates, and decreased productivity. The implications of this study highlight the importance of fostering a strong and adaptive work culture to sustain and improve employee performance. Additionally, this study offers strategic recommendations for managers and organizational leaders in developing a culture that promotes innovation, collaboration, and employee well-being.

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the policy for implementing recess activities for council members in accommodating the aspirations of the community in East Java Province, based on the perspective of effectiveness theory. The recess is a formal mechanism designed to bring the legislature closer to the community in order to absorb input and hopes that can be integrated into the legislative and budgeting process. This study identified four main aspects of effectiveness: goal achievement, efficiency, relevance, and policy impact. Using qualitative research analysis and data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. The research results show that even though research is an important means for the community to convey needs, its implementation still faces obstacles, such as violations of follow-up to aspirations that have been received and a mismatch between community priorities and the development programs being implemented. This research provides encouragement for follow-up mechanisms and increasing legislative capacity in managing community aspirations so that res activities are more effective and relevant in supporting development at the regional level.

The problem of organizing regional elections has been apparent since the nomination stage where there are obstacles for each regional head, namely the regional head nomination threshold. The nomination threshold directly eliminates the constitutional and political rights of every citizen to actively participate in the regional head election process. This study uses normative legal research, namely preliminary research activities before delving further into in-concrito research. The research approach uses a statute approach and a case approach through the Constitutional Court decision Number 60/PUU-XXII/2024. The statute approach is carried out to trace the laws and regulations related to the research theme being studied. The results of the discussion obtained, namely the Constitutional Court's decision regarding changes to the regional head nomination threshold, are a good sign for the future of democracy. The people have almost lost trust recently in the democratization process with the behavior of political party elites in nominating regional heads who tend to lead to cartel politics. Of course, this decision needs to be welcomed and the Constitutional Court deserves appreciation because this decision was issued amidst the strengthening of cartel politics in the nomination of regional heads. The Constitutional Court's decision has changed the basis of the requirements that must be met by political parties or coalitions of political parties in registering regional head candidate pairs from obtaining seats or accumulation of valid voters to only obtaining valid voters by determining the percentage.

In the beginning, the Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) Learning Activities in Grade III of Elementary School 116/X Lambur II used a learning model that was not varied, especially still using conventional learning models, so that the learning process in the classroom did not use technology at all. The lack of use of learning models that were less varied, coupled with learning media that only relied on books, made students feel bored and less interested in participating in learning. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was carried out in two cycles consisting of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects in this study were Grade III students of Elementary School 116/X Lambur II. Data analysis techniques: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions or verification, while data sources: resource persons, documentation, and teaching and learning processes. The results of this study indicate that there is an increase in students' creative thinking skills. Starting from the pre-cycle of learning activities that have not used the Game Based Learning model, student learning outcomes are only 5 out of 20 students who are said to have completed with a percentage of 20% with an average score of 49. Furthermore, from the results of the cycle I action, the minimum score has not been reached, so the study was continued in the cycle II action by making several improvements from the results of the cycle I reflection. From the results of the cycle II action, there was an increase where 18 out of 20 students were declared complete with a percentage of completion of 90% and obtained an overall average score of 85.

MotoGP is a world-class motorcycle racing event involving participation from various countries around the world. In its implementation, it is necessary to import spare parts, vehicles, team equipment, and other technical equipment to circuits around the world, including Mandalika, Indonesia. This temporary import status makes MotoGP logistics require important documents, such as ATA Carnet and Customs Notification of Special Economic Zones (PPKEK) so that the goods can enter the Customs Area without being subject to customs and excise. This research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach because it aims to understand in depth the process of handling MotoGP import cargo, especially related to the use of ATA Carnet documents and Customs Notification of Special Economic Zones (PPKEK) in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone. The results of this study indicate that the use of customs documents, such as ATA Carnet and Special Economic Zone Customs Notification (PPKEK) is used depending on the needs of each user who wants the entry of MotoGP logistics into Indonesia to be exempted from customs and excise so that these two documents become important instruments in implementing the temporary import status scheme for MotoGP logistics so that it can facilitate the handling process at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid International Airport to distribution to the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (KEK). The conclusion of this study is that with the existence of two customs mechanisms, namely ATA Carnet and Special Economic Zone Customs Notification (PPKEK), as well as the role of PT. Angkasa Pura Logistik in handling the flow of goods at the airport, the smoothness of MotoGP logistics is more guaranteed.

This study examines Legal certainty is a crucial element in effective governance, especially in the context of laws and regulations. This research examines the enforceability of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 86/2017, which regulates the preparation of the Local Government Work Plan (RKPD). This research finds that legal certainty in the RKPD is strongly influenced by the implementation and supervision of the regulation. In addition, challenges in harmonization between central and local regulations are an important factor in ensuring effective enforcement. The results show that the ambiguity in Article 78 results in uncertainty in the integration of pokir into the RKPD, thus reducing the effectiveness of DPRD participation and potentially creating conflict between the executive and legislature. To improve legal certainty, it is suggested that further revision and explanation of the provision is needed, as well as training for local officials on more effective implementation of the regulation. The findings are expected to serve as recommendations for policymakers in drafting clearer and firmer regulations.This research recommends clarification and revision of Article 78 to create a clearer framework and support synergy between local governments and DPRDs. The findings are expected to contribute to the improvement of more inclusive and responsive regional planning policies.

This study aims to analyze the marriage agreement as an instrument of legal protection for both parties in a marriage, especially in terms of property ownership and financial responsibility. This study uses a sociological juridical method, with primary data obtained through interviews with a notary and secondary data from various legal literature, including Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, the Civil Code, and the Constitutional Court Decision Number 69/PUU-XIII/2015. The results of the study indicate that the marriage agreement plays a role in preventing potential legal conflicts in marriage, both in monogamous and polygamous systems, and provides legal certainty for third parties, such as creditors or heirs. This agreement not only protects the rights and obligations of the husband and wife, but also ensures legal clarity in the division of assets and financial responsibility during and after the marriage.

This study aims to examine the Influence of Leadership Style, Work Environment, and Rewards on Employee Performance at Lulu Hypermarket Department Store BSD Tangerang Branch. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis method using SPSS software version 22. And the technique used is Non Probability Sampling with saturated sampling type. The results of this study indicate the regression value is Y = 34.997 + 0.401 X1 -0.409 X2 +0.082 X3 + ε That Leadership Style (X1) has a significant effect on Employee Performance, This shows the importance of the role of a leader/manager in improving employee performance to achieve organizational goals. Work Environment (X2) has a negative and significant effect on Employee Performance, This shows that an unsupportive Work Environment can reduce Employee Performance. While Rewards (X3) have no effect and are not significant on Employee Performance (Y), Recognition or giving gifts is still very important to improve Employee Performance. The contribution of the three independent variables R2 is 33.3% to Employee Performance (Y) and the remaining 66.7% is influenced by other factors.

Cigarette smoke is a mixture of smoke and particles. The smoke consists of 4000 mixed chemical compounds, including toxic substances and 69 of them are cancer-causing substances. Pregnant women who are exposed to cigarette smoke will have an impact on their pregnancy and fetus, such as low birth weight, risk of premature birth, respiratory problems and other fetal development disorders. This community service activity is to increase pregnant women's knowledge about the dangers of cigarette smoke during pregnancy. The method of this activity is to provide direct counseling to 20 pregnant women. It is hoped that pregnant women can avoid exposure to cigarette smoke around them so that it does not harm the health of the fetus during pregnancy.

This study aims to examine the influence of organizational culture, work environment, and leadership style on loyalty in Volunteers Teaching of the Jakarta Window Community. Sampling in this study used the slovin formula for 86 respondents. Data was collected through a questionnaire with a Likert scale processed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS version 22. The research method used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study show that Organizational Culture has a significant effect on Loyalty, while Work Environment and Leadership Style have no effect and are not significant to Loyalty.

The stability of the banking sector is crucial in maintaining a country’s financial system and economic sustainability. This study analyzes the impact of Net Interest Margin (NIM), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on banking stability in Indonesia. The inconsistency of previous research findings indicates a research gap that requires further exploration. This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data from financial reports of conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 39 banks with 195 observations. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with classical assumption tests, including normality, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation, to ensure model validity. The results show that NIM positively but not significantly affects banking stability, while NPL has a negative and significant effect. CAR also significantly influences banking stability. Enhancing banking intermediation effectiveness through NIM and CAR can strengthen financial stability, whereas increasing credit risk, reflected in NPL, can weaken stability. This study provides insights for regulators and banking management in designing more effective policies to maintain banking sector stability in Indonesia.

The attendance system is an important aspect of personnel management that affects the effectiveness and efficiency of an institution's operations. Puskesmas Tarusan in Pesisir Selatan Regency still uses a manual attendance system that is vulnerable to data inaccuracies, real-time tracking difficulties, and potential fraud such as leaving attendance. To overcome this problem, this research aims to design a geolocation-based attendance application that can improve the accuracy of employee attendance recording and reduce the potential for abuse of the attendance system. This application uses a GPS-based geolocation method that allows attendance recording to only be done at a predetermined work location. By utilising this technology, attendance recording becomes more accurate, transparent, and can be monitored in real-time. This application was developed using the Unified Modelling Language (UML) approach for system design and using mobile-based technology to be easily accessed by employees. The test results show that this system is able to improve the accuracy of recording employee attendance and reduce the potential for fraud in attendance. In addition, this application provides convenience for management in monitoring employee attendance efficiently. With the implementation of this system, it is expected that Puskesmas Tarusan can improve transparency, accountability, and effectiveness in personnel management.

This study aims to describe and analyze: the role of supervision and obstacles faced and the efforts made by the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office in its role to supervise the existence of foreigners.  The research method to be used is qualitative descriptive.  Data Collection Techniques include: Interviews, Observations, Documentation. The research informant is the Head of the Suarabaya Special Class I Immigration Office. The data analysis technique using interactive model analysis was developed by Miles et al., (2014), namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office has three roles in supervising foreigners, namely as an immigration facilitator on duty, including providing residence permit and immigration status services, determining immigration status for foreigners in Indonesia, conducting research on the correctness of a person's citizenship evidence.  As an Administrator in the supervision of foreigners, it is carried out through administrative supervision when a foreign citizen submits an application to the Immigration Office. As an Executor in the supervision of foreigners, it is carried out by 1) searching for and obtaining information about the existence of Indonesian citizens who are outside Indonesian Territory; 2) Conduct an interview when applying for a Travel Document of the Republic of Indonesia; or 3) Coordinate with the local government through the Chief Representative of the Republic of Indonesia to monitor the existence of Indonesian citizens outside the Indonesian Territory. The obstacles faced by the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office include the range of work which includes Surabaya, Mojokerto, and Sidoarjo. There are limitations of officers. Lack of understanding of immigration law by foreigners. Lack of information obtained from the public regarding the existence of foreigners. Lack of openness on the part of the company where the foreigner works. The efforts made by the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office in supervising foreigners are to conduct direct field surveillance to find out the whereabouts of foreigners. Attend KOMINDA (Komunitas Intelejen Daerah: Regional Intelligence Community) activities organized by the Regional Government.  Conducting socialization programs to foreigners and the community. Conducting administrative supervision.

This study aims to describe and analyze: the application of the MPaspor application as one of the bureaucratic reform strategies and the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the M-Passport application as one of the bureaucratic reform strategies in the Special Class 1 Immigration Office of the City of Surabaya.  The research method to be used is qualitative descriptive.  Data Collection Techniques include: Interviews, Observations, Documentation. The research informant is the Head of the Suarabaya Special Class I Immigration Office. The data analysis technique using interactive model analysis was developed by Miles et al., (2014), namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show . Mobile Passport as one of the Bureaucratic Reform Strategies at the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office is carried out based on the Institutional Aspect, namely the M-Passport Application based on the Letter of the Director of Immigration Traffic Number IMI.2-UM.01.01-4.0700 dated February 18, 2022 concerning the Follow-up of the Implementation and Implementation Policy of Mobile Passport (M-Paspor) at Immigration Offices throughout Indonesia. In terms of bureaucratic reform, M Passport services in the institutional field, office employees must have proficiency, that is, each office employee must be able to master the skills and knowledge needed in serving citizens, especially foreign citizens who take care of ITAS and ITAP. In terms of resources, it is already available and given full support with the availability of competent IT experts to support the development and implementation of the M-Passport application. The Financial Resources provided continue to be provided for the launch, maintenance, and renewal of the M-Passport application. In terms of governance, as a Technical Implementation Unit of the Special Class I Immigration Office of Surabaya by paying attention to the provision of facilities to support the running process of a bureaucracy.  The Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office provides a guarantee of passport processing time by officers during the interview session, photo taking, and fingerprint scanning for three working days. Passport application service fee Passport costs Rp 350,000, while electronic passport costs Rp 650,000. One of the supporting factors for the implementation of the M Passport Application at the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office is supporting facilities and infrastructure, such as queue machines, service counters, and computers. Inhibiting factors include application servers that often crash or have problems. In addition, there is a lack of public understanding that in taking care of passports, original documents must still be brought. 

This study aims to describe and analyze: How the Regional Government of Mahakam Ulu Regency Efforts in Empowering Small and Medium Enterprises and What is the socio-economic impact of the community from the empowerment of SMEs.  Data Collection Techniques include: Interviews, Observations, Documentation. The research informants were Kadin and staff of the Mahakam Ulu Regency Industry, Trade, and Cooperatives Office. The data analysis technique using interactive model analysis was developed by Miles et al., (2014), namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study showed. The empowerment program carried out by the Mahakam Ulu Regency Industry, Trade, and Cooperatives Office includes: a. Identify the potential and community empowerment programs in the economic sector. This is done with the development and Human Resources (HR) of the SMEs themselves, b. Coaching for industrial management magazines and improving entrepreneurship and c.  Marketing development in an effort to increase market access through improving product quality and product marketing. Improving the quality of SME products accompanied by improving packaging quality, improving hygiene and product certification, and exhibiting small industries. Impact of SME empowerment carried out by the Mahakam Ulu Regency Industry, Trade, and Cooperatives Office: a. The productivity of MSME entrepreneurs shows optimal results. b. The impact of the empowerment of SMEs not only affects job opportunities in the surrounding community but also has an impact on the income of the surrounding community.  

This research was conducted with the aim of finding out and analyzing 1). To find out and analyze the influence of the school environment on the professionalism of teachers in PAUD in Mesuji District 2). To find out and analyze the influence of Teacher Behavior on teacher professionalism in PAUD in Mesuji District 3). To find out and analyze the influence of the school environment and teacher behavior on teacher professionalism in PAUD in Mesuji District. This study uses a quantitative method with a type of correlational research. The sample of this study was carried out in 13 PAUD in Mesuji District with a total of 44 teachers. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and documentation. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis and multiple regression techniques. The results of this study show that there is an influence of the school environment and teacher behavior together on the professionalism of PAUD teachers in Mesuji District.

Economic neglect of children is a condition where a child does not receive sufficient basic needs fulfillment from parents or caregivers, either intentionally or due to inability. This research aims to examine and analyze the mechanisms and barriers in providing legal protection for economically neglected children in Sukabumi District. This study employs normative legal research with data sources consisting of interviews, observations, and literature studies. The method used to process and analyze the data is qualitative analysis, conducted at the Integrated Service Center for Women and Children Empowerment (P2TP2A) in Sukabumi District. According to the research findings, the forms of legal protection provided include supervision, prevention, care, and rehabilitation. The barriers in providing legal protection for economically neglected children include funding issues, lack of understanding of procedures among personnel, reluctance of society to report cases, absence of clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), overlapping roles and responsibilities, and lack of empathy.

The inability of rural banks to adapt to the changing global landscape, particularly owing to globalisation, could also have adverse effects on economically disadvantaged populations. This research aims to examine the dynamics of regulating rural banks in Indonesia, the pressing need for legal reforms in rural banks to address the problems posed by globalisation, and the legal reforms for rural banks that are based on the Values of Pancasila. The study methodology employed is the Normative Juridical approach. The research findings suggest that initially, the licencing and activities of the rural bank required permission from the Minister of Finance. However, after the amendment of Law Number 7 of 1992 concerning Banking with Law Number 10 of 1998, the licence for rural banks is now granted by the leadership of Bank Indonesia, as stated in Article 16 paragraph. Globalisation has a significant impact on community life, leading to the emergence of new requirements. One of these requirements is the need for easier transactions, which can be achieved through the digitalisation of banking or the provision of electronic banking facilities. Consequently, legal reforms for banking institutions need to be implemented, taking into account the noble values of the nation as reflected in the moral principles of Pancasila. These values include morality, respect, protection of human rights without discrimination, unity, social justice in the economic and community sectors, and the realisation of people’s sovereignty and adherence to the law.