Publication Search

In the world of education, Christian religious education teachers play an important role in shaping the ethics, character and morals of students, because in the world of education most students experience character and moral crisis problems, where they are not controlled by the influence of technological developments and even environmental conditions. can also influence students' ethics, character and morals. Therefore, attention is really needed from various parties, especially the role and attention of teachers in the world of education, in teaching and learning with the aim of helping students learn about the world of education from not knowing to knowing, especially knowing character and morals. Educators not only aim to teach, but educators must also act as teachers who take part in building students' morals and character, and are responsible in accordance with the goals of education and learning to shape and create a generation with noble morals. so that every student has good character and morals in living the days of his life.

This article explores the importance of a contextual approach in Christian education for young people. By considering the cultural, social, and technological dynamics that influence the lives of young people today, this approach seeks to bridge the Christian faith tradition with modern realities. The research was conducted through a literature review and interviews with Christian educators, which showed that a contextual approach can strengthen spiritual connectedness and the relevance of Christian teachings in everyday life. This article offers practical guidance for educators in implementing this approach in the classroom.

The digital era brings new challenges for Christian religious education, especially in the role of teachers as spiritual guides. This article highlights the important role of teachers in accompanying students to understand and live the Christian faith amidst the rapid flow of information. This study uses qualitative methods through interviews and observations of Christian religious education teachers. The results show that the use of digital technology can be an effective tool when combined with a personal pastoral approach. This article provides recommendations for strategies to strengthen the role of teachers in the digital era.

This article explores the concept of inclusive education from a Christian theological perspective, which emphasizes acceptance and love for all individuals without discrimination. This study analyzes how Christian values ​​can be applied in an inclusive educational environment, especially for students with special needs. The results of the study indicate that a Christian theological-based approach can create a culture of inclusion that strengthens solidarity and equality. This article also discusses the challenges of implementing inclusive education and offers practical solutions for educators.

Christian parents frequently negotiate intensive caregiving expectations, moral responsibility, economic pressure, and ecclesial ideals of faithful family life. These demands may produce emotional exhaustion that resembles parental burnout but is often interpreted only as spiritual weakness or lack of discipline. This constructive study aims to formulate a restorative-integrative model of pastoral counseling for Christian parents who experience emotional exhaustion in childrearing. The method is a qualitative literature study using integrative narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed studies on parental burnout, religious coping, family support, and Christian pastoral counseling. The analysis identifies four central findings: emotional exhaustion is the core symptom that drives distancing and reduced parental efficacy; burnout emerges from an imbalance between risks and resources; spiritual narratives can function either as resources or as sources of guilt; and pastoral counseling is most constructive when it combines empathic presence, theological reframing, emotion regulation, communal support, and referral ethics. The study implies that churches need pastoral systems that normalize help-seeking, protect parents from moralistic judgment, and connect spiritual care with psychologically informed intervention.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the question and answer method on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a research method using a quantitative approach with inferential descriptive data analysis. The population is all 115 students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year who are Christians and the research sample was determined to be 38 people, namely 35% of the total population using Random Sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 20 items for variable 05,n=38) = 0.320. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained a value of tcount= 3.410 > ttable(=0.05,dk=n-2=36)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="11.82"+0.36X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 24.4%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=12, dk denominator=n-2=38-2=36) namely 11.62 > 2.00. Thus, there is an influence of the question and answer method on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.    

This article discusses the theological foundations of Christian religious education, which not only includes understanding religious concepts, but also shapes a person's character and spirituality. This theological foundation is strengthened by biblical principles, where Christian religious teachings are seen as an important mission based on the great mission of the Lord Jesus in Matthew 28:19-20. This foundation places the Bible as the highest authority and main source of truth and elevates the character of Jesus Christ as the main example. understand the theological basis of Christian religious teachings. The research results show that the aim of Christian religious education is to develop human potential according to the teachings of the Bible, with a focus on developing character, values ​​and spirituality according to the teachings of Christ. The Bible is considered. the highest authority in all areas of life, including Christian education, and is the basis of Christian religious education. The character of Jesus Christ who was caring, merciful, humble and lived a simple life is an example for Christians in their daily lives. Moreover, this article also helps develop individual spirituality. The teachings of Christianity, whose main focus is awareness of a transcendent relationship with God. The role of the Holy Spirit is also considered important to strengthen understanding of Bible teachings and guide Christians to live according to God's will.

This article discusses holistic education in Catholic schools as a means of forming Christian character. Holistic education integrates spiritual, moral, intellectual, and social dimensions to build a whole person according to the values ​​of the Gospel. Case studies in several Catholic schools show that holistic education encourages students to actively participate in church and community life. This article also discusses challenges in its implementation, such as differences in student backgrounds, and strategies to overcome them.

This article constructs a Christian pastoral counseling framework for congregants who experience trauma caused by social rejection. Social rejection within family, peer, workplace, or church communities may wound identity, belonging, agency, and spiritual meaning; however, pastoral responses often remain either overly moralistic or merely consolatory. The objective of this study is to formulate a trauma-informed and theologically accountable model of pastoral counseling that can be used by local church ministers without replacing professional mental health care. This study uses a qualitative constructive literature review by synthesizing recent studies on trauma-informed care, social exclusion, religious coping, chaplaincy, and pastoral theology published before 2024. The analysis identifies five core findings: trauma from social rejection is primarily relational; pastoral care must begin with safety, consent, and validation; theological interpretation should resist victim-blaming; congregational belonging is part of recovery; and referral ethics are necessary when symptoms exceed pastoral competence. The proposed model integrates safe presence, narrative listening, theological reconstruction, communal restoration, and clinical referral. The implication is that churches need a pastoral counseling culture that protects wounded congregants from retraumatization while sustaining spiritual hope, relational repair, and responsible interdisciplinary collaboration.

Domestic violence remains a critical pastoral problem because survivors in church communities often face not only physical, psychological, sexual, and economic harm, but also spiritual narratives that may either sustain recovery or silence disclosure. This constructive qualitative study aims to formulate a Christian pastoral counseling model for survivors of domestic violence in church settings. The study applies a library-based practical-theological design by critically synthesizing peer-reviewed literature on intimate partner violence, faith-based responses, trauma- and violence-informed care, pastoral theology, Indonesian legal norms, and church-related studies. The findings show that pastoral counseling for survivors must be structured around safety rather than immediate marital reconciliation; interpret Scripture through dignity, justice, and protection of the vulnerable; recognize religious coercive control as a form of harm; integrate emotional stabilization with spiritual care; and build referral networks with psychological, legal, medical, and social services. The article proposes an integrated PASTORAL-SAFE model that combines risk assessment, survivor affirmation, trauma stabilization, theological reframing, social support, professional referral, perpetrator accountability, and long-term pastoral accompaniment. The implication is that churches need written protocols, trained pastoral teams, confidentiality standards, and collaborative safeguarding systems to prevent pastoral responses from unintentionally reproducing violence.

Pronunciation skills are fundamental in English language learning, especially in the correct articulation of regular past tense verbs. However, students often experience difficulties in accurately pronouncing such verbs due to the differences between English spelling and pronunciation. To address this issue, this study investigated the effect of the English Language Speech Assistant (ELSA) application on the pronunciation ability of tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Pematang Siantar. This research utilized a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, involving 64 students divided equally into an experimental group (X-3) and a control group (X-9) selected through purposive sampling. The experimental group received instruction using the ELSA Speak application, while the control group was taught using conventional teaching methods. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests, then analysed using an independent sample t-test. The mean pre-test scores for the experimental and control groups were 50.34 and 50.21, respectively, while the mean post-test scores were 82.56 and 67.37. The t-test analysis revealed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000, which was lower than the significance level of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Additionally, the computed t-value exceeded the t-table value (t-observed > t-table at df=62 and α=0.05), leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha) and the rejection of the null hypothesis (H₀). This indicates that there is a significant difference between students taught using the ELSA Speak application and those taught using conventional methods. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the ELSA Speak application significantly improves students’ pronunciation abilities in pronouncing English regular past tense verbs.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the biggest health challenges globally. Based on data from the World Health Organization or WHO, data shows that of the 56 million deaths that occurred in the world in 2021, there were 38 million or almost three quarters. Based on data from the Semarang City Health Service, the gender of those receiving health services for Hypertension Sufferers in 2022 shows that the female gender is 161,877 (56%) which is greater than the male gender which is 129,033 (44%), and in the working area of ​​the Gunungpati Community Health Center it is in the fifth highest position. Hypertension sufferers. Nutritional status is also influenced by a good diet and is also influenced by age, especially in women of childbearing age less than 40 years because they have a greater potential for experiencing hormonal imbalances in the body. The respondents in this research were WUS in the Sadeng Gunung Pati sub-district, Semarang city, totaling 101 respondents. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of hypertension in suburban age women (WUS) in the Sadeng Gunung Pati sub-district, Semarang City. This research method uses a cross sectional approach which was carried out in the Sadeng Gunung Pati sub-district. Data collection was carried out from March to May 2024. The results showed that the correlation between nutritional status and the incidence of hypertension in women of childbearing age (WUS) in Sadeng subdistrict was carried out using the Chi Square test, obtained with a P value = 0.0001, OR = 5.15 , CI = (2.16 – 12.26), where the majority of respondents with hypertension were 57.4% (aged 15-49 years) with a BMI classification in the thin category of 18.5. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of women of suburban age (WUS) in the Gunung Pati sub-district, Semarang city.

This article aims to contribute ideas in preventing phubbing behavior in young children who are addicted to gadgets and to place an active, interactive-based approach in order to help children develop social skills well in their social environment. The method used is descriptive analysis with a systematic literature review approach. The findings of this research show that the internet or digital world which is easily accessed by young children via gadgets opens up space for ignoring the person they are talking to when communicating, which is also known as phubbing which is caused by irregular use of gadgets. Additionally, children who grow up in environments where excessive gadget use is allowed or even encouraged by parents tend to experience problems with social skills, including the ability to give others their full attention without being distracted by gadgets. Therefore, parents must pay full attention to this problem through holistic assistance to prevent bad things from happening in the future.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how religious education influences the development of a person's character in their early adult years. A person's identity, moral independence, and life values are formed during the crucial developmental stage of early adulthood, which has a big influence on their future. This study examines the role that Christian Religious Education plays in promoting character development that embodies Christian values like love, honesty, responsibility, and integrity using a qualitative research approach based on a literature review. According to the findings, Christian Religious Education is crucial for raising people's moral consciousness, establishing spiritual principles, and assisting them in overcoming social obstacles. Christian Religious Education helps people develop a Christ-centered identity, improves their capacity for responsible decision-making, and promotes engagement in worthwhile social activities by teaching them God's Word. This study does, however, also point out a number of issues that could compromise the efficacy of character education, including the impact of digital media and social settings. According to the study's findings, Christian religious education plays a vital role in forming morally pure and motivated young adults. To foster an atmosphere that encourages character development, families, educational institutions, and society must work together. It is anticipated that the results will offer useful insights for creating more pertinent and successful Christian Religious Education initiatives.

Final-year university students occupy a fragile transitional space between academic completion and an uncertain future. This article examines future anxiety among final-year students as a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing academic pressure, employability uncertainty, identity formation, family expectations, spiritual struggle, and consequential life decisions under limited control. It employs a constructive conceptual literature review, synthesizing scholarship on university student mental health, career anxiety, career construction and career self-management, religious coping, and contemporary pastoral care. The analysis develops a pastoral accompaniment framework that neither reduces anxiety to a private psychological symptom nor replaces professional mental health or career services. Three constructive findings are proposed: first, future anxiety should be understood as a vocational-existential crisis intensified by final-year transitions; second, pastoral accompaniment contributes through relational presence, meaning-making, spiritual discernment, and referral-aware care; and third, an integrated model should combine stabilization, vocational reframing, and agency-building within accountable communities. The article concludes that pastoral accompaniment is most responsible when it is theologically grounded, psychologically informed, ethically bounded, and collaborative. Its main contribution is a practical-conceptual framework for campus ministries, theological schools, and Christian higher education institutions seeking to accompany final-year students without fabricating empirical claims or spiritualizing distress.

This article addresses the pastoral problem of congregants who experience persistent feelings of worthlessness, a condition that often appears at the intersection of shame, fragile self-worth, social isolation, and distorted religious interpretation. The objective is to construct a Christian pastoral counseling framework that is biblically grounded, psychologically informed, and ecclesially accountable. This study uses a qualitative constructive literature design through critical synthesis of recent journal articles and classical pastoral counseling. The analysis identifies four main findings. First, worthlessness should not be reduced to moral weakness or lack of faith because it involves psychological, relational, and spiritual dynamics. Second, churches may either intensify shame through stigma and spiritual reductionism or become restorative communities through hospitality, lament, and safe accompaniment. Third, pastoral counseling requires a movement from empathic assessment, validation, and narrative clarification toward theological reframing of identity in Christ. Fourth, responsible pastoral care includes collaboration with mental health professionals when risk, trauma, or clinical symptoms exceed pastoral competence. The implication is a constructive model in which pastoral counseling helps congregants reinterpret self-worth through grace, embodied community, and disciplined referral rather than through advice-giving or doctrinal correction alone.

Social media has become an essential tool in the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in this digital era. This research aims to investigate the role of social media in supporting the growth and success of MSMEs. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study explores the various benefits obtained by MSMEs from the use of social media, including increased visibility and market reach, more intensive customer interactions, and enhanced brand awareness and business image. However, this research also identifies several challenges faced by MSMEs in leveraging social media, including limitations in digital knowledge and skills, as well as managing limited time and resources. Based on these findings, this study concludes that it is important for MSMEs to equip themselves with the necessary digital knowledge and skills, and to develop targeted and sustainable marketing strategies through social media. Additionally, support from government and non-profit organizations in the form of training, resources, and technical assistance can also help MSMEs harness the full potential of social media for their business growth. By overcoming these challenges, MSMEs can maximize the benefits of social media in supporting the growth and success of their businesses in an increasingly digital market.

The pre-mass catechesis is a continuation of the apostolic tradition practiced by the Apostles. Pre-mass catechesis today has a wider understanding than ever before. This is not limited to brief teachings about the Catholic faith but also seeks to prepare Catholics spiritually, intellectually, and personally so that Catholics can attend mass more meaningfully and actively participate. The author uses data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews. Some of the important roles of pre-mass cateteche are preparing people, deepening understanding of faith, building a strong and effective Christian community. In carrying out pre-mass catechesis does not take a long time, usually 5 to 10 minutes. Pre-Mass catechesis is a form of religious teaching that aims to prepare Catholics spiritually so that they can celebrate the Eucharist with deep understanding, active involvement, and passion. Pre-Mass catechesis is not only the delivery of information, but also the formation of the hearts of Catholics to receive Jesus Christ in the celebration of the Eucharist.

This constructive literature study examines pastoral counseling for Christian couples experiencing emotional absence in marriage. Emotional absence is not identical with open conflict; it appears as reduced responsiveness, muted affect, spiritualized avoidance, and routine coexistence without felt connection. The study aims to formulate an integrative pastoral counseling framework that is theologically accountable and clinically informed. The method is a constructive qualitative literature study using thematic synthesis of studies on marital satisfaction, emotional suppression, perceived partner responsiveness, spiritually integrated psychotherapy, and Christian marital theology published primarily before 2024. The findings indicate that emotional absence should be read as a relational-spiritual rupture involving affect regulation, attachment insecurity, weakened mutual responsiveness, and distorted uses of religious language. The article proposes the REKAT framework: recognition of relational rupture, empathic attunement, covenantal communication, accountable spiritual practices, and tracked follow-up within church care. The framework places Scripture, prayer, confession, forgiveness, and community support within ethical safeguards, especially screening for violence, coercion, and severe mental health risk. The implication is that pastoral counseling can move beyond moral exhortation toward structured accompaniment that rebuilds emotional presence, responsibility, and covenantal intimacy in Christian marriage.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a positive and significant influence between the Use of Digital Literacy on PAK Learning Creativity of Class XII SMA Negeri 1 Balige Toba Regency Learning Year 2023/2024. The research method used is quantitative inferential statistical method. The population is class XII students of SMA Negeri 1 Balige Toba Regency who are Protestant Christians totaling 286 people and a sample of 43 people was determined using the Random Sample technique. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 40 items, namely 20 items for variable X and 20 items for variable Y. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence between the Use of Digital Literacy on PAK Learning Creativity of Class XII Students of SMA Negeri 1 Balige Toba Regency Learning Year 2023/2024: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.559> rtable (a=0.05, n=43) = 0.301. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount = 4.322> ttable (a=0.05, dk=n-2=41) = 2.021. 2) Effect test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂ = “7.00”+0.60X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 31.3%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fhitung> Ftabel = (a=0.05, dk numerator k = 12, dk denominator = n-2 = 43-2 = 41), namely 18.68> 2.00. Thus Ha, namely there is a positive and significant influence on the use of literacy d. b) Test the regression determination coefficient (r2) = 31.3%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fhitung> Ftabel = (a=0.05, dk numerator k = 12, dk denominator = n-2 = 43-2 = 41), namely 18.68> 2.00. Thus Ha, namely that there is a positive and significant effect of the use of digital literacy on the learning creativity of XII grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Balige, Toba Regency for the 2023/2024 Learning Year, is accepted and H0 is rejected.