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Hikayat as a classic work is often not widely understood by vocational school (Vocational High School) students who are related to various aspects such as language, culture and the historical context contained in the saga. Therefore, the researcher wants to solve the problem by researching directly into a class which also carries out teaching assistance activities in accordance with the requirements for completing semester 7. The subject of this research uses classroom action research. The subjects in this research were class X-I Computer Network Engineering (TKJ) students at Bina Jaya Vocational School. This research aims to find out how the use of saga as the level of knowledge of class (Computer Network Engineering), and how after carrying out the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) learning model in analyzing the values contained in the saga text. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The data obtained was carried out through three cycles used in the pre-test-post phase of this research. Cycle I includes planning and implementation (acting), observation (observing), and evaluating (evaluating) learning activities as well as reflection (reflecting).

Organizational structure has the consequence of changing the behavior and characteristic values of the people in the organizational structure. Organizational structure is a behavioral controller. Changes to the organizational structure are certainly intended as an effort to change behavior. This study aims to examine the influence of organizational structure on student behavior. Using qualitative methods, this research involves direct observation and interviews with various stakeholders in the school. The results of the study show that SPNF SKB SIKKA implements a hierarchical organizational structure with unit heads, deputies, teachers and tutors. This study aims to determine the influence of organizational structure on the behavior of non-formal education schools. After research, it can be concluded that the hierarchical structure of the SPNF SKB SIKKA school organization creates an orderly and disciplined environment but also presents challenges in terms of flexibility, initiative and participation active and also have a clear framework of vision, mission and goals to realize an early childhood education unit and education in the community that answers the learning needs of the community and makes an education unit that provides the widest possible opportunity for the community to obtain education.

The purpose of this research is to create e-module teaching materials with a discovery learning approach on the topic of oxidation-reduction reactions. These materials will be assessed for validity, practicality, and effectiveness in educational settings. This research uses the assurance development model which includes student character analysis, identification of learning objectives, selection of appropriate methods, media, and materials, utilization of media and materials in the learning process, active involvement of students, and evaluation phase. The e-module has successfully undergone a rigorous validation process conducted by a panel of validators and respected experts in the field. In addition, it has been thoroughly field tested to ensure that the resulting e-module is valid and effective, as well as practical in its application. The results showed that: 1) the assessment of media validity by media and material experts is included in the very valid category; 2) at the field trial stage involving 17 students of class X MIA 1 SMA Muhammadiyah Maumere, the class completeness rate was 81.3%. In addition, the electronic module (e-module) has been found to have a beneficial effect on student learning outcomes. Based on the descriptive analysis results, it can be concluded that the average student learning completeness rate is 87%. This indicates that e-modules used in an educational setting can be considered effective. The e-modules received positive responses from both students and teachers, indicating their practicality.

Entering the digital era, technology plays an important role in human life. The Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 accelerated the digital transformation, including the activities of school children aged 6-12 years. The use of gadgets can have both positive and negative impacts on children, so it is necessary for parents to play a role in managing screen time to maximise the positive impact and minimise the negative impact of gadget use on children.  This activity is a counselling for parents, children, and teachers conducted at TPQ Nurul Ilmi Makassar City. The methods used were lectures and discussions. The results of the activity were 25 parents and children, as well as 5 teachers who participated in counselling activities. Based on the results of the discussion, the use of gadgets can help children in finding learning resources and as an educational medium for children, some parents supervise and limit screen time for children but there are also some parents who cannot supervise optimally because they are busy working. Children are given gadgets with the hope that parents can contact their children easily. The advice given to parents is to limit screen time for children to a maximum of 2-3 hours per day and select applications and what children watch during screen time. Meanwhile, teachers need to develop learning methods so that children are more comfortable learning and playing than using gadgets.

Worship education is the perfection of faith education, worship education has an important role in shaping a person’s morals and ethics. In this case, worship is not only considered as an obligatory ritual, but also as a means to shape individuals who obey Allah and obey others. Islamic boarding schools that use education based on classical books such as Bulughhul Maram which teach hadiths in the form of worship laws so as to help students understand the essence of worship in their lives. This study aims to analyze worship education in the perspective of the Buluchul Maram book by Al-Hafidz Ibnu Hajar Al-Asqalani, especially in its implementation at the Nurun ‘Alannur 2 Kapencar Wonosobo Islamic Boarding School. This study uses a qualitative field approach. The location of the research taken is the Nurun Alannur Kapencar Wonosobo Islamic Boarding School. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data includes the results of interviews and observations. While secondary data is obtained from the results of documentation. Using three data collection techniques, namely interviews, observations, and documentation. Meanwhile, to analyze the data, it is carried out through three stages, namely, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The conclusion of this study. Through literature studies and participatory observations, this study reveals the material on worship education contained in the book and its relevance to the pesantren curriculum. The results of the study show that the Bulughul Maram book makes a significant contribution to worship education and the formation of the character of students through a deep understanding of Islamic law. The material of this book is still relevant and is applied in learning activities in pesantren. However, there are several challenges and opportunities in its implementation. However, by consistently and always developing learning methods on worship education in pesantren, it is hoped that it can improve the quality of worship of students.

Interest is a sense of interest in something, while learning is the process of producing knowledge, skills and behavior. therefore, interest in learning is an interest in the learning process. This research focuses on the low interest in seeking knowledge by students in Indonesian language learning at level 5 of public elementary school 3 cintabodas, culamega sub-district. This research serves to identify things that make the lack of interest in participating in Indonesian language learning and its influence on the skills of students in capturing and applying to Indonesian language learning. the results of the study indicate that the lack of interest of students in participating in Indonesian language learning is due to the views of students who think that Indonesian language learning is easy and monotonous learning methods in order to develop Indonesian language learning, teachers are advised to apply creative learning methods with varied media. this analysis uses a descriptive qualitative approach with information obtained through question and answer results and evidence and involves educators as the main source.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems often struggle to extract text accurately from images captured at various distances, particularly under challenging conditions such as blurriness, noise, or poor lighting. These issues are common in real-world scenarios and limit the effectiveness of existing OCR technologies. This study addresses these challenges by applying Gaussian blur after the grayscale conversion. This method reduces noise for the image's clarity without sacrificing the original algorithm's key features. Results revealed that the enhanced OCR algorithm significantly outperformed existing methods in terms of accuracy and confidence levels. It demonstrated the ability to read signages with higher precision, even in difficult conditions such as intricate designs, poor lighting, and long distances. This advancement enables more reliable text recognition and translation, offering practical applications for public signage translation, cross-cultural communication, and improved accessibility in multilingual environments.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of using a guided inquiry learning approach on the development of critical thinking skills in sixth grade elementary school in Mathematics. This research uses a quantitative approach with the ex post facto method, namely the researcher does not control the variables, only takes data regarding the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. This research uses a quantitative approach and the analysis in this research uses descriptive and regression analysis. This research was motivated by teachers' difficulties in providing a good understanding of grade 6 elementary school mathematics learning material on the application of ratios in everyday life, namely scales. teachers' limited knowledge regarding the application of inquiry-based learning methods, as well as students' low critical thinking abilities in mathematics learning and their overall low academic achievement. The population in this study were 77 grade VI students at Wadungasri Elementary School, Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency, and a sample of 25 students was taken. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data processing techniques with validity testing using expert judgment techniques. Reliability test uses Alpha Cronbach. Analysis prerequisite tests are normality test and linearity test. The data analysis technique used is a simple regression test. Research results: the guided inquiry learning model has an effect on students' critical thinking skills by 1.673%.

This research was designed with the aim of examining in depth the motivation in increasing the teaching creativity of tutors at the ASIEQ Educare tutoring institution. This research used qualitative methods with a descriptive research model by describing objects as they are. The research results show that motivation in increasing the teaching creativity of tutors at the ASIEQ Educare tutoring institution can be said to be good. This can be seen from the system created by the institution so that it can bring out the enthusiasm or intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation that tutors have in teaching so that the tutor's creativity in teaching also increases. Apart from that, the model used by the ASIEQ Educare tutoring institution in motivating its tutors is to use a human resources model which focuses on providing feedback not only obtained through material but also immaterial things and meaningfulness in teaching as well as supporting motivation which can increase the teaching creativity of tutors in ASIEQ Educare tutoring agency. The strategies used by the ASIEQ Educare tutoring institution include; a) get to know all members of the ASIEQ Educare family well, b) assign tutors according to their respective interests and abilities, c) all members of the ASIEQ Educare family are considered work friends, d) activate regular discussions in order to carry out self-development with each other in the learning process.

This research discusses Ki Hajar Dewantara's concept of educational thought, focusing on character education and the formation of students' personalities, as well as the challenges and opportunities in integrating this thought into the national education system. Ki Hajar Dewantara emphasized the importance of liberating education, namely education that does not only focus on intellectual aspects, but also on the formation of students' character as a whole so that they become independent, noble, and highly motivated individuals. In the current context of national education, Ki Hajar Dewantara's ideas are still relevant, but their implementation faces various challenges, such as a dense curriculum, lack of in-depth understanding among educators, and the dominance of cognitive approaches in schools. However, there are also great opportunities to integrate Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational values through curriculum reform, training for educators, and the application of holistic learning methods. This study concludes that the integration of Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts into the national education system can be a strong foundation for building a generation that is not only intelligent, but also has character, provided that the existing challenges can be overcome with a comprehensive approach.

This article aims to examine the implementation of morals-based non-test assessment in PAI learning in grade 11 of SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, focusing on its influence on students' character development. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has an important role in instilling moral values. In this context, morals-based non-test assessment is an effective approach to assessing students' character development, as it focuses on observing their behavior and attitudes. At SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, the implementation of this method is expected to help students not only understand religious teachings in theory, but also apply them in daily life. This research is a type of field research that is descriptive qualitative in nature. The main focus of this research is to understand the concept of evaluation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning, which includes both test-based and non-test evaluation methods at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta. In this study, a phenomenological approach is used to explore the experiences and understanding of individuals or groups regarding the phenomenon under investigation. Moral-based non-test assessment in PAI learning aims to evaluate students' moral values in everyday life. In contrast to test assessments that measure cognitive abilities. The implementation of morals-based non-test assessment faces obstacles such as difficulties in measuring morals objectively and limited time for observation.Morals-based non-test assessment in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta has an important role in shaping student character, in addition to mastery of academic material.

This study aims to study the concept of curriculum administration process. Curriculum is a set of plans and regulations regarding the content and learning materials and methods used as guidelines in the implementation of the teaching and learning process. The curriculum administration process consists of planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The curriculum is a planning document that contains the objectives to be achieved, the content of the material and learning experiences that students must do, strategies and methods that can be developed, evaluations designed to collect information about the achievement of objectives, and the implementation of documents designed in real form. Thus, the curriculum plays an important role in the success of student education. One aspect that can increase the success of the curriculum is the administration of the implementation of the curriculum at the relevant educational institution, in other words, the implementation of the curriculum is institutional in nature. This study focuses on the literature study method by collecting literature (related materials) sourced from books, journals, and other sources related to the science of Administration. The term curriculum administration emphasizes efforts to direct the curriculum so that the curriculum can be implemented appropriately in various educational activities  

This research aims to analyze the summation of blood cells so that it becomes a reference for pharmacy students in their learning and becomes the foundation for further study of pathology, pharmacology, and therapeutic mechanisms that they can use in professional practice. This study uses qualitative research, primary data sources and secondary data sources generated from literature studies, data types in the form of qualitative, data collection techniques in the form of tracing previous research, data analysis techniques in the form of qualitative descriptive.  Blood is one of the organs in the human body that is very vital. Blood is a unit consisting of blood cells and blood plasma. This analysis is carried out to obtain information about the sum of blood cells in the human body, hospitals or laboratories conduct blood analysis with excellent accuracy but the shortcomings lie in the slow process and the accuracy becomes non-standardized because it depends on the level of expertise/experience of the operator and also the level of fatigue. Efforts to overcome the length of time and for the purpose of initial diagnosis can use image processing techniques based on blood cell morphology. Along with the development of technology, there are currently several researchers who are conducting various studies in the application of computerized methods used in the classification of white blood cell types. The main function of red blood cells is to carry oxygen from the lungs and distribute it throughout the body. The analysis of human blood is very important, especially related to the diagnosis of a disease. Based on the results of this study, it shows how many red blood cells are present in the body and can be applied to detect a disease. For pharmacy students, an understanding of the sum of blood cells is necessary to develop knowledge and will be useful in clinical practice.

The development of competent human resources (HR) is a top priority for improving the quality of life in society. In education, teachers' ability to enhance their skills is key to successful learning. However, many teachers struggle to adapt teaching methods to the demands of the digital era, especially in utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. AI offers innovative solutions such as personalized learning and adaptive platforms that enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes. This study examines the implementation of AI-based learning models and teacher training programs in Muhammadiyah schools in Semarang. Using the Training of Trainer (ToT) approach, the program equips teachers with skills such as using adaptive learning tools and AI-based evaluation systems. The study employs a mixed-methods approach involving practical training and result evaluation. The findings reveal improved digital literacy and confidence among teachers in using AI for interactive learning. In conclusion, AI has great potential to transform education, but its success depends on comprehensive, ethical, and sustainable strategies. The ToT program serves as a strategic step to empower teachers to face educational challenges in the digital era.

This research is based on the observations and experiences of researchers that many teachers still do not use media in learning activities, especially in the material on the nature of hijaiyah letters. This condition causes students to not understand and not master the material about the nature of the hijaiyah letters. This research aims to develop learning media in the form of songs on the material of the nature of hijaiyah letters. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the song learning method on the material of the nature of hijaiyah letters at the TPA Walisongo Singopuran Kartasura Mosque. This research applies a qualitative approach, the main techniques in collecting data include documentation, observation, interviews and tests. It is hoped that the results of this study can contribute to the development of more innovative and interesting learning methods, especially in learning the nature of hijaiyah letters. (1) Development The song method is an effective approach in improving the learning outcomes of hijaiyah letter traits in students at TPA Masjid Walisongo Kartasura Mosque. (2). There are 80% of students who feel helped and easier to easier to understand the material with the use of the song method. (3) Song method can be an interesting alternative for interesting alternative for teachers to build learning the nature of hijaiyah letters that are more ineractive, fun, and effective. ineractive, fun, and effective.

This study investigates how psychomotor domain evaluation contributes to enhancing high-level skills in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Gemolong. Psychomotor evaluation, encompassing physical skills and activities, plays a vital role in helping students understand religious principles theoretically and apply them in daily life. Observation, interviews, and documentation served as the primary tools in this qualitative and descriptive research. The findings reveal that psychomotor evaluation aids students in developing Islamic skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making. Students also benefit from evaluation methods like observation, practice tests, and simulations. This study is expected to provide practical recommendations for improving the quality of PAI learning and establishing a comprehensive evaluation system. Furthermore, it aims to assist teachers in shaping students with both academic competence and practical skills. 

Teachers have a key role in ensuring the safety of students during disasters, however, to carry out this role effectively, they need a deep understanding of disaster inclusive risk reduction education. Early age students are the group most at risk in disasters. Inclusive disaster preparedness education training for teachers aims to increase teacher competence in designing inclusive learning programs related to disaster preparedness in schools. Through participatory methods with an andragogy approach, teachers are trained to develop individual learning programs and develop learning tools that are responsive to students' needs. The training also includes the preparation of inclusive earthquake simulation scenarios, where participants learn to design safe and accessible evacuation routes and respond to various types of student needs. The results of this activity show a significant increase in teachers' understanding and skills regarding inclusive disaster preparedness, as evidenced by the learning tool products produced during the training. The importance of continuous training and collaboration with various stakeholders to strengthen disaster preparedness in schools

This research aims to evaluate learning strategies in individual service programs for students with Special Needs (ABK) in inclusive elementary schools (SD). The method used is literature study, by examining various sources from journals, books and scientific articles. The research results show that effective individual learning strategies include curriculum adjustments, application of various learning methods, and collaboration between class teachers and accompanying teachers. In addition, support from the school environment and family was also identified as an important factor in the success of this program. The implementation of individual service programs aims to meet the special needs of each ABK student, so that they can reach their maximum potential in an inclusive education environment. It is hoped that this research can make a significant contribution to the development of inclusive education practices in Indonesia.

The development of digital technology has a major impact on Arabic language learning, both in terms of opportunities and obstacles. This journal aims to identify opportunities and obstacles in Arabic language learning from the perspective of teachers and students. This research approach uses qualitative methods with interviews and literature studies to obtain a comprehensive picture of how digital technology can improve or hinder the Arabic language learning process. The results of the study indicate that the existence of digital technology provides many great opportunities for Arabic language learning, including: First, access to learning materials becomes wider. Second, there is global interaction. Third. Learning becomes more innovative and interesting. Fourth. Efficiency of time and place of learning. Fifth. The existence of digital technology can help advance educational institutions to the international level. However, there are also significant challenges from the existence of digital technology in Arabic language learning, including: First, the lack of maturity of teachers and students in using and utilizing digital technology. Second, there is digital distraction. Third, there is a technological gap and others.

This study aims to explore the importance of learning media in increasing students' interest and motivation to learn at SDN Pasirbatang. The method used is descriptive qualitative with semi-structured interviews as the main instrument. The results show that varied, creative, and innovative learning media, such as videos, interactive apps, and other aids, can significantly increase students' interest and motivation to learn. Teachers at SDN Pasirbatang implement technology-based learning strategies and methods such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Cooperative Learning to create an interesting and relevant learning atmosphere. However, limited facilities, technology constraints and senior teachers' lack of skills in using technology are the main challenges. Solutions implemented include individualized approaches, learning media innovation, and student empowerment in media making. Based on the questionnaire results, 82% of students supported the use of learning media, showing the effectiveness of visual and interactive media in improving students' understanding and participation. This research confirms the importance of the role of teachers in utilizing learning media to create more meaningful, effective, and efficient learning, so as to improve the quality of education in primary schools, especially in areas with limited facilities.