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The liquidation of a subsidiary in the banking sector is a strategic step with a significant impact on the financial performance, reputation, and sustainability of the parent company. This study aims to analyze the factors that drive liquidation, both internal such as financial performance, mismanagement, and legal compliance, as well as external such as market changes, natural disasters, and globalization pressures. Data were collected through academic literature review using qualitative approaches and data triangulation to improve the reliability of the results. The results of the study show that poor liquidity management, both due to internal and external factors, is the main cause of liquidation. The impact on the reputation of the parent company is dualistic: on the one hand it increases operational efficiency, but on the other hand it risks creating negative perceptions, such as management failures or employee losses. Therefore, companies must strengthen financial management, utilize technology to monitor cash flow in real-time, and develop flexible risk policies. Transparent communication with stakeholders is also important to minimize reputational impact. This study shows that effective liquidity management supports operational efficiency and increases public confidence, customers, and regulators, relevant for both Islamic and conventional banking in dealing with market dynamics.

This study explores the application of the design thinking approach in the pre-planning phase of subsidized homeownership for Generation Z in Indonesia. As Generation Z enters adulthood and begins to plan for the future, they face various challenges in achieving homeownership, particularly regarding financial issues and access to subsidized housing programs. The design thinking approach is used to gain a deeper understanding of the needs, desires, and barriers faced by Generation Z through the stages of empathy, problem definition, ideation, prototyping, and testing. By focusing on innovative and user-centered solutions, this research aims to design a more relevant and acceptable subsidized homeownership model for Generation Z. The findings of this study are expected to provide insights for housing developers and policymakers in designing more efficient and appropriate housing policies and programs that align with the socio-economic dynamics of Generation Z.

This article discusses the synergy between Christianity and Batak culture, which is characterized by a reciprocal relationship that changes each other. The process of inculturation of the Christian faith in Batak society shows that religion is not only passively adopted, but is also adapted to meet the spiritual needs of the community. This research reveals how the Batak people who adhere to Christianity try to maintain their cultural identity while integrating the values ​​of the Christian faith. This can be seen in various traditional ceremonies which are now adapted to the Christian context, such as the use of ulos motifs in church liturgy and the incorporation of traditional music in worship. The synergy between Christianity and Batak culture has significant social implications, creating space for dialogue between the older and younger generations regarding the importance of maintaining traditions while opening up to new teachings. Thus, this article highlights the complexity of the interaction between Christianity and Batak culture and the importance of understanding the inculturation process as part of the social and spiritual dynamics of society.

Desa Burno in Lumajang has experienced a significant surge in cardamom cultivation in line with evolving agricultural trends. While initially boosting farmers' incomes, this production explosion has led to a drastic decline in cardamom prices in the market. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the dominance of middlemen who control pricing and marketing, making it difficult for farmers to obtain fair prices. This article explores the dynamics of the cardamom market in Desa Burno, including the impact of mass planting trends on prices and the limitations faced by farmers due to middlemen influence. Through qualitative analysis, market data, and structured interviews, this research uncovers the challenges faced by cardamom farmers and provides recommendations for fairer marketing strategies. Additionally, the FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) behavior among farmers has contributed to the increased cultivation of cardamom, further worsening the market situation. This study aims to provide deeper insights into the relationship between cardamom agriculture, middlemen dominance, and FOMO behavior, while offering solutions to enhance the welfare of farmers in Desa Burno.

This study aims to explore and analyze the implementation of public service principles in the Legal Bureau of the Central Kalimantan Provincial Secretariat. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, which aims to provide an in-depth understanding of public service practices applied in the agency. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with related parties, direct observation, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of public service principles such as transparency, accountability, responsiveness, and participation in the Legal Bureau of the Central Kalimantan Provincial Secretariat has been carried out well, although there are several challenges faced, such as limited human resources and adequate infrastructure. The improvement efforts made include increasing employee capacity and utilizing information technology to accelerate the service process. This study provides an important contribution in understanding the dynamics of public services in the legal sector and becomes a consideration for the improvement and development of the service system at the provincial government level. It is hoped that this study can be a reference for further research and to improve the quality of public services in Central Kalimantan.

This research aims to explore the role of leadership in shaping the social dynamics within Pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) communities in Indonesia. The central purpose of this study is to understand how leadership structures and practices influence the social cohesion, authority relations, and educational environment in these traditional institutions. Using a library research methodology, the study analyzes various scholarly articles, books, and previous studies related to the leadership in Pesantren, as well as sociological theories on power, authority, and community development. The findings indicate that leadership in Pesantren plays a crucial role in fostering social unity, maintaining discipline, and mediating conflicts. The head of the Pesantren (Kyai) often serves as a central figure whose authority shapes the values, norms, and social behaviors of students and staff. Furthermore, the study highlights the intersection of traditional and modern leadership styles within Pesantren, revealing both challenges and opportunities for transformation in the face of social change. The implications of this research suggest that a more nuanced understanding of leadership in Pesantren can contribute to enhancing social integration, improving educational outcomes, and addressing the needs of modern Muslim communities within Indonesia.

Political law is the basic policy that is the basis for the formation, implementation and enforcement of law in a country. In the context of criminal cases in Indonesia, legal politics is reflected in the judge's considerations when handing down a decision. This research aims to analyze how legal politics influences judges' considerations in criminal cases and the extent to which these factors reflect substantive justice, legal certainty and legal benefits. By using a normative juridical approach and analysis of court decisions, this research finds that judges' considerations are influenced by various factors, such as statutory regulations, legal doctrine, jurisprudence, and social values ​​that develop in society. The legal politics applied by judges in their decisions often show an attempt to balance the need for legal certainty with substantive justice. However, in some cases, it was found that judges' considerations could be influenced by external pressures or developing political dynamics, which had the potential to cloud the principle of judicial independence. These findings provide important insights for policy makers and law enforcers to strengthen a justice system that is oriented towards justice and integrity.

Data and information play a strategic role in organizational systems theory, particularly in supporting fact-based decision-making processes. In this theory, organizations are viewed as open systems that continuously interact with their environments. Data serves as raw material that, through analysis, is transformed into actionable information to understand the internal and external dynamics of organizations. Accurate and relevant information helps organizations manage complexity, identify opportunities, and address challenges in ever-changing environments. The data management process encompasses collection, storage, analysis, and distribution, enabling integration across organizational units and enhancing synergy. Additionally, information-based feedback systems are vital for measuring organizational performance and driving continuous innovation. The effective use of data and information not only improves operational efficiency but also supports strategic planning and adaptation to market changes. In the context of digitalization, the role of data and information has become increasingly critical, as technology enables the processing of large-scale data more quickly and accurately. This article explores how data and information, as core components of organizational systems theory, can be utilized to create added value and support organizational sustainability in the modern era.      

Education in the era of globalization demands the development of students' social skills, including collaboration, to prepare them for the challenges of the 21st century. One effective method to train these skills is small group discussions, which encourage students to share ideas, listen to other perspectives, and reach consensus. This study aims to identify effective strategies in guiding small group discussions to improve student collaboration, focusing on the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a case study design in one of the high schools that implements the Merdeka Curriculum. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and student collaboration questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that effective strategies include the use of open-ended questions, providing constructive feedback, and dividing roles in groups. In addition, the dynamics of small group discussions can be improved with good conflict management by teachers. This study also found that small group discussions can improve students' collaboration skills, which are reflected in communication, individual responsibility, and group decision making. Implications for the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum show the importance of teacher training to improve the ability to guide small group discussions effectively. This study provides practical and theoretical contributions to the development of collaboration-based learning in Indonesia.

The dynamics of legal politics in resolving conflicts through mediation in Indonesia. The mediation process is an alternative dispute resolution that is increasingly popular in Indonesia, both in the context of civil and socio-political conflicts. This research aims to analyze the role of mediation in resolving conflicts as well as the impact of legal politics involved in this process. Mediation in Indonesia often involves political factors that influence the course of the process, both from the government, judicial institutions and other related parties. In this study, the author examines various cases of successful and failed mediation, and explores how political intervention can strengthen or hinder the effectiveness of mediation. The research results show that although mediation offers a peaceful solution, political dynamics are often an obstacle that needs to be considered in optimizing this route as a means of resolving disputes. This paper is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities of mediation in the Indonesian legal system.

This research aims to design and simulate a DC motor speed control system using integral state feedback (KISF) control. This control is designed to maintain DC motor speed stability with high accuracy despite disturbances or load changes. The research stages include mathematical modeling of the DC motor, PID control design, integral state feedback control design, simulation implementation and simulation results analysis. The show that althought integral state feedback control has a rise time 273.501 ms, slightly slower than PID 197.604 ms, integral state feedback compensates with higher slew rate of change 6.540 V/ms compared to PID 4.344 V/ms. Integral state feedback offers greater flexibility through pole placement values with Ackerman’s formula J3 = [-12 -100 -600], indicating that this system has good capability in responding to input changes, thus maintaining motor speed stably and efficiently. This indicates that integral state feedback control is superior in system adaptation and handling complex dynamics.

Abstract. Human Resource Management (HRM) is essential in today’s digital era to ensure that HR strategies meet the demands of the times. Business transformation driven by digital technology requires an understanding of how HRM responds to these changes and how it impacts employee dynamics. To create strategic initiatives that maximize the integration of technology and HRM, it is essential to understand the implications of technology integration on employee engagement and performance. In the context of the HRM paradigm, this study attempts to unravel the relationship between employee happiness, leadership competencies, and technology adoption. This study aims to explore the dynamics of digital transformation of Human Resource Management (HRM) in startups and examine its impact on employee engagement and performance. This study highlights the significant influence of technology on leadership skills development and the need for adaptive leadership in the digital era. The foundation of engagement is employee satisfaction, and higher levels of engagement are associated with improved organizational performance. These observations underscore the value of developing leadership skills, driving employee satisfaction, and leveraging technology, and provide useful suggestions for HRM practitioners in startups in Indonesia. This study serves as a basis for future research and improvement of HRM methods in different startup ecosystems in Indonesia, which prioritize employee welfare and organizational success in facing challenges in the digital era.

Contemporary religious issues in the context of Islam and globalization reflect the challenges and opportunities facing Muslims in the modern era. Globalization, as a process that connects various countries through technology, economics and culture, influences religious dynamics in various aspects. On the one hand, globalization paves the way for the spread of Islamic information and values ​​throughout the world, strengthening and how the Muslim community adapts to these dynamics through religious identity at the global level. On the other hand, globalization also raises concerns regarding the rise of secularism, individualism and consumerist culture which can threaten traditional Islamic values. Issues such as religious pluralism, human rights, feminism, and Islamic moderation are part of important discussions regarding Islamic responses to the challenges of globalization. Muslims are required to navigate between maintaining religious identity while engaging constructively in an increasingly connected world. This article aims to analyze various contemporary religious issues that have emerged in the midst of the globalization process, a contextual approach that prioritizes Islamic values ​​that are relevant in this global era.

This research explores the relationship between the dynamics of the literary market, reading culture, and the development of the popularity of the novel genre. In this study, we discuss how social transformation, innovation in publishing technology, and shifts in reader preferences shaped the novel genre from the 18th century to the modern era. A historical approach and literary analysis are used to highlight the important role of publishers, book distribution, and technology in expanding the reach of novels to a wider audience.

This study discusses the symbolic meaning of Lipaq Saqbe as a social identity of the Mandar Tribe. This traditional clothing not only functions as a cultural identity but also has a deep symbolic meaning and reflects the values ​​of the Mandar people. This study uses qualitative descriptive methods and Malinowski's functionalist theory to understand the social and cultural functions of Lipaq Saqbe clothing. The results of the study indicate that the motifs and colors of Lipaq Saqbe have certain meanings related to social status and personal identity. In addition, the use of this traditional clothing in various traditional ceremonies shows its important role in preserving culture. The Mandar Tribe has adapted to the development of the times while maintaining the authenticity of its traditional motifs, making Lipaq Saqbe a symbol of their living cultural heritage. This study is expected to contribute to the understanding of socio-cultural dynamics in Indonesia, especially in West Sulawesi.

This study examines the dynamics of monetary policy and economic diplomacy in maintaining the stability of the Rupiah exchange rate in the context of Indonesia’s international financial market. Indonesia’s economic stability is closely tied to the Rupiah’s value, which is influenced by both domestic economic policies and external global factors. The study analyzes the effectiveness of various monetary policy instruments used by Bank Indonesia, such as the benchmark interest rate, foreign exchange market interventions, open market operations, and minimum reserve requirements. Furthermore, it explores the role of economic diplomacy, including bilateral swap agreements and international cooperation, in enhancing Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves and stabilizing the Rupiah. Despite these efforts, external challenges such as global economic uncertainty, commodity price volatility, and geopolitical tensions continue to pose risks to exchange rate stability. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for strengthening monetary policy, including diversification of foreign exchange revenue, enhancing domestic financial markets, and fostering synergy between fiscal and monetary policies.

Inflation has an impact on income inequality and purchasing power in Indonesia. In recent years, Indonesians have increasingly felt significant economic pressure due to the continuous increase in the prices of goods and services.  This research aims to explore the underlying causes of inflation, control efforts, and its impact on people's purchasing power to comprehensively understand Indonesia's inflation dynamics. The method used in this research is a library research approach. Inflation not only affects the value of the currency, but also changes people's spending patterns and purchasing priorities. To overcome this problem, the government implements policies that support the improvement of people's purchasing power and income distribution. This research provides important insights into the interaction between inflation and people's economic conditions, as well as steps that can be taken to create a more stable economic environment.

This article discusses the analysis of the Orthodox church in Middle East Asia and its relevance to the development of church theology in the modern era. The background of this research focuses on the role of the Orthodox church in the social, cultural, and religious context of the Middle East Asian region, as well as its challenges in facing the development of contemporary church theology. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach, with descriptive analysis of the history, doctrines, and religious practices of the Orthodox church, as well as its interaction with the challenges of the modern world. The findings show that the Orthodox churches in the region have a significant contribution to the development of global theology, despite facing various challenges in terms of identity and modernity. Orthodox churches play an important role in maintaining the heritage of traditional theology while responding to the dynamics of changing times. In conclusion, the relevance of Orthodox churches in Middle East Asia is crucial in enriching contemporary theological discourse, both in the context of religious understanding and the application of the principles of faith in the modern world.  

The history of the development of the education system in the Philippines, which reflects the nation's long journey through various cultural influences and colonialism. Starting from the informal education that existed in pre-colonial societies, this article outlines the significant changes that occurred with the arrival of Spanish colonialists in the 16th century, who introduced a formal education system with a focus on Catholic teachings. Furthermore, the transition to a modern education system occurred under American colonial rule in the early 20th century, where English was introduced as the language of instruction and democratic values were promoted. This article also explores the challenges facing the Philippine education system post-independence, including efforts to create inclusive and relevant education. With an in-depth analysis of these various phases of development, this article aims to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of education in the Philippines and its impact on society today.    

Cultural Islam and structural Islam are two approaches that reflect the dynamics of Islam in society. Cultural Islam Refers to religious expressions that are integrated with local culture, such as traditions, arts and customs. This approach emphasizes harmony between Islamic values ​​and cultural identity, making it more flexible in responding to social change. Meanwhile, structural Islam is more oriented towards systems and institutions, such as politics, economics and law. This approach aims to build a social order that is in accordance with Islamic principles through formal policies and regulations. This research aims to analyze the interaction and contribution of these two approaches in building a balanced life for Muslims between spiritual values ​​and social needs. This study uses a qualitative method with a text analysis approach and in-depth interviews with the main actors in each approach. The research results show that cultural Islam and structural Islam do not conflict with each other, but rather complement each other. Cultural Islam strengthens the spiritual and emotional aspects of society, while structural Islam provides a normative and regulative basis for society's life. In conclusion, integration between cultural Islam and structural Islam can be a solution to face the challenges of modernity without abandoning Islamic values. The synergy between the two is able to create harmony between local traditions and global demands, making Islam an inclusive and relevant religion in various contexts of life.