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Toxic leadership in church contexts is not merely an organizational problem; it can become a psychospiritual wound when pastoral authority is used to shame, silence, manipulate, or control congregants in the name of God. This article examines pastoral counseling for congregants who experience inner wounds caused by toxic leadership in the church. The study addresses a gap in previous research: leadership studies have clarified the concepts of abusive supervision and destructive leadership. In contrast, religious trauma research has described spiritual abuse, yet fewer works have developed a constructive pastoral counseling synthesis that integrates both fields. Using a conceptual and integrative literature review design, this article draws on peer-reviewed studies on toxic leadership, spiritual abuse, institutional betrayal, moral injury, trauma-informed care, and spiritually integrated psychotherapy. The synthesis proposes that pastoral counseling in this context must be trauma-informed, spiritually competent, ecclesially accountable, and clinically humble. Three findings are advanced: toxic church leadership wounds identity, agency, and God-image; pastoral counseling must begin with safety, validation, narrative reconstruction, and protection of conscience; and recovery requires individual care and institutional repair through accountability, referral pathways, and anti-retaliatory church culture. The article concludes that pastoral counseling is most constructive when it becomes a ministry of truth-telling, non-coercive accompaniment, and communal restoration rather than a tool for preserving abusive systems.

This article constructs a Christian pastoral counseling framework for congregants who experience trauma caused by social rejection. Social rejection within family, peer, workplace, or church communities may wound identity, belonging, agency, and spiritual meaning; however, pastoral responses often remain either overly moralistic or merely consolatory. The objective of this study is to formulate a trauma-informed and theologically accountable model of pastoral counseling that can be used by local church ministers without replacing professional mental health care. This study uses a qualitative constructive literature review by synthesizing recent studies on trauma-informed care, social exclusion, religious coping, chaplaincy, and pastoral theology published before 2024. The analysis identifies five core findings: trauma from social rejection is primarily relational; pastoral care must begin with safety, consent, and validation; theological interpretation should resist victim-blaming; congregational belonging is part of recovery; and referral ethics are necessary when symptoms exceed pastoral competence. The proposed model integrates safe presence, narrative listening, theological reconstruction, communal restoration, and clinical referral. The implication is that churches need a pastoral counseling culture that protects wounded congregants from retraumatization while sustaining spiritual hope, relational repair, and responsible interdisciplinary collaboration.

The destruction of the incesce customary forest in Pandumaan village and the conflict over customary land with PT Toba Pulp Lestari (TPL) have damaged the preservation of the incesce customary forest. This condition really needs attention and restoration. Frankincense trees are continuously cut down by the company. Frankincense trees and other natural wood in the forest are cleared using a clear-cutting system and the logging areas are immediately planted by PT.TPL. The research method in this study uses qualitative descriptive analysis research methods. The author will conduct a special investigation regarding ecological restoration proposed by Van Wearen. Qualitative research in data collection is carried out using primary data sources, and data collection techniques will look for literature reviews, books, news and journals by collecting data from various literature. Restoring customary forests is also healing God's creation which has been damaged by humans. Understanding of ecological restoration as a basis for restoring the traditional incesce forest in Pandumaan village. The traditional forest of Pandumaan Village is a beautiful creation of God that should be protected and preserved.

Environmental crimes committed by corporations cause broad ecological, social, and economic impacts on society and environmental sustainability. However, the system of corporate criminal liability in Indonesia still tends to rely on a retributive approach through fines and imprisonment of corporate managers. This approach is considered ineffective because it has not been able to restore environmental damage and fulfill the rights of affected communities. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of corporate criminal liability in environmental crimes and reconstruct a restorative justice-based model of criminal responsibility. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that the reconstruction of corporate criminal liability should focus on environmental restoration through ecological rehabilitation mechanisms, compensation for affected communities, ecological penal mediation, and independent environmental audits. The restorative justice approach provides opportunities for corporations to take concrete responsibility for the environmental damage they cause so that environmental law enforcement is not merely punishment-oriented, but also aimed at environmental recovery and social justice.

The aim of this research is to determine the response to landslide floods that occurred in West Bandung Regency, and the evacuation of victims who were injured and died due to landslide floods. As well as restoration of damage to facilities and infrastructure such as community houses, school buildings, mosques and schools due to landslides. The research method uses qualitative methods that describe events at the research location related to landslide victims. The data collection technique is through interviews with several officials and volunteers as well as RW and RW administrators. Observations are carried out to see and observe the conditions at the scene, such as residents' houses that were hit by landslides. Documentation studies related to the research focus in the form of mass media and other online media. The conclusion is that the impact on dealing with landslide flood victims has been implemented by the local government, officials and volunteers. Evacuation of victims with serious and minor injuries as well as those who died have been evacuated to the Cililin Regional General Hospital. Restoration of damaged residents' houses as well as prayer rooms and mosques as a means of worship for Muslims has been carried out. With the natural disaster that resulted in many victims, it became an evaluation material for the West Bandung Regency government, so that it could educate the public.

This research aims to explore theological views on apostasy in the context of Christianity. Apostasy is defined as an act of rejection of one's faith and religious teachings, with a focus on serious spiritual consequences. The main source of insight is the Bible, which provides strong warnings against apostasy, highlighting specific passages such as Hebrews 6:4-6. This verse reflects the theological view that for those who consciously abandon the Christian faith, repentance may no longer be possible. This view reflects the serious spiritual consequences that can separate an individual from the presence of God. Although the Bible provides a strong warning against apostasy, the theological perspective also highlights God's grace and forgiveness. The Bible shows that repentance is always open to those who sincerely desire to return to God. In Luke 15:7, Jesus emphasizes the joy in heaven over one sinner who repents, providing hope that despite the seriousness of the apostasy, God always provides a way for repentance and restoration of a spiritual relationship with Him. Overall, the theological view of apostasy reflects a balance between stern warnings about the spiritual consequences and God's gracious mercy that is always open to those who return to Him.

This study examines the role of the Peatland and Mangrove Restoration Agency (BRGM) in the environmental context of Indonesia. Based on the analysis of factors strengthening community institutions, BRGM's strategic objectives for 2021-2024, key performance indicators for BRGM in 2023, and future challenges, this research concludes that BRGM plays a crucial role in advocating for the sustainability of peatland and mangrove ecosystems. Through its commitment to supporting peatland restoration, mangrove rehabilitation, community empowerment, and enhancing good governance, BRGM aims to address complex environmental and social challenges in the future. The implications of this research highlight the importance of collaboration between the government, private sector, and communities in preserving natural ecosystems and enhancing collective well-being.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of degradation on mangrove forest ecosystems and analyze innovative strategies used to maintain the sustainability of these ecosystems. The method used is the literature review method, in which various sources of relevant scientific literature are systematically evaluated. The results of this study show that mangrove forest degradation has serious consequences for coastal ecosystems, including biodiversity loss, increased risk of natural disasters, and decreased water quality. However, various strategies have been developed to address these challenges, including ecosystem restoration, sustainable management, local community participation, and the application of modern technology. A thorough discussion of the findings reveals that the integration of these strategies can provide effective solutions in preserving mangrove forests and strengthening the resilience of coastal ecosystems. The practical implication of this study is the importance of adopting innovative strategies in environmental management, while future research directions include increasing collaboration among stakeholders and developing more advanced technologies to support sustainable mangrove forest conservation.

This study aims to explore the concept of Restorative Justice and its implementation in laws and regulations in Indonesia. Restorative justice is an approach to resolving criminal cases that prioritizes the restoration of relationships and social harmony rather than punishment. The research method used is a normative legal approach with analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that the concept of restorative justice has been accommodated in various laws and regulations in Indonesia, such as the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, Regulation of the Indonesian Prosecutor's Office Number 15 of 2020, and Regulation of the Indonesian Police Number 8 of 2021. The implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia is manifested in the form of diversion, mediation, and termination of prosecution based on restorative justice. This study concludes that the implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia is an effort to create a more humane, inclusive, and sustainable criminal justice system.

The independent curriculum is a restoration of the 2013 curriculum which was previously implemented in educational institutions in Indonesia. Currently, the restoration of the curriculum to an independent curriculum is due to the need for students to be able to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. With advances in technology, of course the role of an independent curriculum is also very important to collaborate in improving the quality of education in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to find out the role of technology as supporting the success of implementing an independent curriculum in schools, apart from that it also wants to see what are the obstacles to collaborative technological progress in the education system. This research that uses qualitative descriptive analysis produces detailed and clear analysis. In collecting data, researchers use library research by looking at various sources that are relevant to the research. The data analysis technique goes through several steps, namely data collection carried out by researchers by grouping data arranged in narrative form, then data reduction, namely collecting important data from the information found and in accordance with the problem topic, then presenting the data with narrative explanations that are strengthened from the study. literature, and finally draw conclusions.

Religious moderation education is often used in both formal and informal educational institutions. In fact, religious moderation has developed significantly in learning practices. Several studies on the implementation and growth of religious moderation education in educational institutions found that the concept of religious moderation can awaken students' understanding of how to behave and how to behave in moderation. The author uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach, where this method looks at the data collected as the key to research. Religious moderation education is often used in both formal and informal educational institutions. In fact, religious moderation has developed significantly in learning practices. Several studies on the implementation and growth of religious moderation education in educational institutions found that the concept of religious moderation can awaken students' understanding of how to behave and how to behave in moderation. The purpose of writing an article on Educational Restoration in the Frame of Religious Moderation from the perspective of Christian religious education is to discuss the importance of educational restoration using a religious moderation approach in the context of Christian religious education

Machine maintenance must be carried out as a support for the reliability of a machine so that the production system can run smoothly to meet production needs. The fundamental problem of this study is in PT XYZ with the Roll Table 5Q machine, which frequently experiences sudden damage caused by critical components. The goal of the study was to determine the maintenance time interval of the 5Q Roll Table machine, the optimal age of the machine, and the number of mechanics based on the minimum total maintenance cost in an effort to improve the reliability of the machine using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) II methods and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) methods. From the results of research for critical components As Roll Table obtained interval value of 331 hours / 13 days once a year with the selection of action is Scheduled restoration task and for Bearing components obtained interval value of 109 hours/5 days once a year with the selection of action is Scheduled on-condition task. From the calculation of the total life cycle cost of Rp. 3,720,459,386 with the optimal number of mechanics on the Roll Table machine as many as 3 mechanics with an efficiency level of 9.63% with an optimal age for the Roll Table machine 5Q is 12 years.

Agriculture plays an important role in food sustainability and security in Indonesia, including in the City of Tuban. The city has wide potential for the development of the agricultural sector, including crops, plantations, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries. However, the limited information regarding the current situation of these sectors raises the need for in-depth analysis. This study aims to analyze the portrait of agriculture in the city of Malang with a focus on crops, plantations, animal husbandry, forestry, and fisheries. This analysis will provide insight into the current status, development potential, challenges and opportunities within these sectors. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting field surveys, interviews with farmers, ranchers, fishermen, and other relevant stakeholders. The collected qualitative data were analyzed thematically to describe an overall picture of each agricultural sector. The results of the analysis show that the secondary crops sector has experienced positive growth, but still faces challenges in terms of access to markets and technology. Plantations have great potential in the development of superior commodities, but need to improve infrastructure and environmental sustainability. Livestock is experiencing rapid development, but faces problems in waste management and animal health. Forestry is faced with land expansion and forest restoration, while fisheries require steps to maintain the sustainability of fish resources. These findings provide important input for the local government and related stakeholders to develop a strategy for sustainable agricultural development in the City of Tuban. Efforts are needed to improve market access, strengthen infrastructure, improve waste management, improve animal health, and maintain the sustainability of fish resources. This analysis can also be the basis for further research and more effective policy planning in the agricultural sector in Tuban City.  

In Article 80 of the Law on Environmental Protection and Management, it has been regulated regarding government coercive administrative sanctions aimed at stopping violations and taking action to restore environmental functions.  According to Law no.  32 of 2009 regarding the protection and management of the environment which is already stated in Article 1 paragraph (14) which states that environmental pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things.  The data analysis method used is qualitative with research results based on certain statutory norms related to environmental protection and management.  In Indonesia there have been several cases that are quite detrimental and endanger the region itself.  To protect the area from these things, the government also issued an Environmental Protection and Management Act aimed at protecting and preventing the environment from environmental crimes from irresponsible actors as well as informing or guiding local communities and entrepreneurs to protect their environment.  Fine criminal sanctions are carried out to overcome and restore the environment, and pay compensation to the government as an environmental supervisor.  The principle of ultimum remedium is applied here, namely criminal sanctions that are given after administrative sanctions have been given once to the perpetrators of crimes in the form of imprisonment and also fines.  Imprisonment sanctions as an ultimatum remedium support the enforcement of norms and strengthen administrative sanctions if they are not implemented optimally.

Teenagers as the future generation of the church and nation must be given proper attention and education so that their behavior is in accordance with existing norms. Christian Religious Education in the family is the most important education to teach how the person of God is with Humans. Christian Religious Education cannot be limited by space and time because it is very flexible and can be done anywhere. The role given by Christian Religious Education itself, of course, must provide teaching about the realities of life so that adolescents are able to have an understanding of their life goals. Christian Religious Education is role includes in the family to provide good behavior in the present, namely; Family behavioral education center, setting an example, restoration, family place of worship. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive literature method, by collecting studies related to research conducted either through books, proceedings, national and international journals. Then do the analysis, provide arguments and find the results of the study. The purpose of the research was conducted so that today's Christian youth have better behavior through Christian Religious Education in the Family and so that Christian youth do not deviate from the person of Jesus himself as a perfect person in all respects.

Research objectives: 1) To find out the arrangement of slums through restoration (rehabilitation) in Oimbo Village, Bima City? 2) To find out the arrangement of slums through rejuvenation (revitalization) in Oimbo Village, Bima City? 3) To find out the arrangement of slums through resettlement (relocation) in Oimbo Urban Village, Bima City? This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants in this study included the Head of Kelurahan and staff/employees and community leaders in Kelurahan Oimbo Kota Bima. Determination of informants in this research the author uses purposive sampling technique. The analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis, which starts from data reduction, data display, and verification and conclusion making. The results of the research are: first, related to the arrangement of slums through restoration (rehabilitation) in Oimbo Village, Bima City, has been carried out well according to the needs of residents. Second, the arrangement of slums through rejuvenation (revitalization) in Oimbo Village, Bima City, has been carried out well according to the needs of the residents. Third, the arrangement of slums through resettlement (relocation) has been carried out well according to the needs of residents.

 Human Trafficking is an act of recruitment, shelter, sending, transferring, or accepting someone with the threat of violence, using violence, kidnapping, confinement, counterfeiting, fraud, abuse of power or vulnerable positions, debt bondage or paying or benefits, so obtain approval from the person who holds control over the other person, whether carried out within the state or between countries, for the purpose of exploitation or to result in exploitation (Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Crimes in Trafficking in Persons).           This study aims to analyze aspects of judges' consideration of the criminal termination of perpetrators of trafficking in persons in Decision Number 632.K / PID.SUS / 2016 and Decisions Number 1447.K / PID.SUS / 2016, covering juridical, philosophical, and sociological aspects. Juridical aspects are based on the existing legal umbrella and judge as the applicator, sociological aspects, namely the application of the law concerning the values ​​of society in order to create legal justice, and philosophical aspects that are based on the value of truth and justice.           This research is a type of normative juridical research that focuses on studying the application of positive legal norms or norms.           The problem in this study regarding the basis of the judge's consideration in imposing criminal sanctions against perpetrators of trafficking in persons and the comparison of judges' considerations related to criminal imposition of perpetrators of human trafficking in decisions No. 632.K / PID.SUS / 2016 and Decisions Number 1447.K / PID.SUS / 2016.           From the results of this study indicate that, the application of the law where the judge as the applicator is in accordance with the values ​​of the law, and the community, but still very minimal or the need for more policies on victims of trafficking, namely the right to restitution (restoration of the rights of victims from trafficking).