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Mental health is an essential aspect of human life that is deeply connected to one’s spiritual and faith condition. In the Islamic creed (ʿaqīdah) perspective, mental well-being is not merely defined by emotional stability or positive thinking but by one’s ability to maintain faith, surrender to Allah, and face life’s trials with patience and gratitude. Islam teaches that the source of inner peace (ṭuma’ninah) lies in closeness to Allah through remembrance (dhikr), prayer, and belief in divine destiny (qadha and qadar). Hence, a strong foundation of faith is crucial in maintaining a balanced psychological state for Muslims. In addition to patience and gratitude, the concept of ikhtiar (effort) also plays a vital role in overcoming anxiety. A Muslim is taught to make sincere efforts while trusting in Allah’s will, thereby achieving harmony between physical endeavor and spiritual strength. By internalizing the values of patience, gratitude, and effort, individuals can develop strong mental resilience, manage stress wisely, and find meaningful purpose in life’s challenges. This study highlights the significant role of Islamic teachings in fostering holistic mental health rooted in spiritual tranquility.

Ihya' ul-Mawat is a concept in Islamic law that pertains to the effort of reviving or utilizing dead land that has not yet been owned. This practice has legal consequences for land ownership if it is carried out in accordance with Sharia principles. The aim of this article is to examine the legal provisions, requirements, and implications of land ownership based on the explanation of Shafi'i fiqh in the book Fathul Qarib, as well as its relevance to land utilization. The method used in this study is a historical research method with a library research approach, including content analysis of the Fathul Qarib text and supporting fiqh literature. The findings of the study indicate that reviving dead land is permissible and can be a means of acquiring ownership if it satisfies two conditions: first, the individual performing the action must be a Muslim and must have government permission, and second, the land must be unclaimed, meaning it is not previously owned by someone else. This study contributes to a better understanding of the legal framework surrounding the use and ownership of dead land in Islamic law.

Land conflict between the Sihaporas indigenous community and PT Toba Pulp Lestari (TPL) remains an ongoing agrarian issue that directly affects the community’s livelihoods. The inclusion of the company’s concession within the customary territory has changed patterns of land control and use that were previously managed collectively across generations. This situation restricts access to agricultural land and forests, reduces sources of income, and creates social tensions and confrontations. This study aims to analyze the impacts of land conflict on the Sihaporas indigenous community and to examine the conflict through a political ecology perspective with a focus on power relations among actors. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings show that the conflict affects economic, social, and cultural aspects of the community and reflects unequal power relations between indigenous peoples, corporations, and the state in controlling agrarian resources.

Education is a conscious and planned effort to develop individual potential in order to create qualified human resources. Therefore, to achieve this goal effectively, strong management, good coordination, and solid solidarity among all educational elements are necessary. Solidarity among educators plays an important role in supporting the implementation of educational programs and achieving institutional goals. This study aims to determine the principal's methods and strategies for increasing solidarity among educators in the school environment. This study employed a qualitative research method, with data obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation related to school activities. The validity of the data was ensured using triangulation techniques to maintain accuracy and credibility. The results show that educator solidarity at SMPIQu Al-Bahjah is implemented through routine deliberations, structured morning briefings, and regular weekly evaluations involving all educators. These activities are consistently carried out as a collective effort to achieve the school’s vision and mission. The implications of this research are expected to provide practical benefits for educational institutions in strengthening educator solidarity. In addition, this research can serve as a reference for other academics in developing and applying Emile Durkheim's structural-functional theory within educational management contexts.

This study aims to analyze the shoe production process from an operational management perspective at PT. XYZ. The focus of the research is directed at the stages of the production process and the management of raw materials in supporting the smooth running and efficiency of production activities. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach carried out through an Internship Experience Practice (PPL) at PT. XYZ. Data was collected through direct observation of production activities, interviews with relevant parties in the production department, and supporting documentation. The data obtained was analyzed by describing the production process flow, raw material management system, and production process control, then linked to the concept of operational management. The results showed that the shoe production process at PT. XYZ consisted of several interrelated stages, starting from raw material management to the main production process. The company has implemented a fairly structured operational management system, characterized by the recording of raw materials, the separation of materials by type, and the application of the First in First Out (FIFO) method to maintain material quality and smooth production. However, several operational obstacles were still found, such as limited production time, suboptimal coordination between departments, and the potential for defective products in the production process. The implementation of operational management at PT. XYZ has supported the shoe production process quite effectively, particularly in raw material management and production control. Nevertheless, improved coordination and continuous evaluation of the production process are needed to enhance operational efficiency and product quality.

Gender inequality in Indonesian politics forms part of broader structural and cultural dynamics that shape women’s positions in the public sphere. In historical studies, the thought of R.A. Kartini is often interpreted primarily as a symbol of educational and moral emancipation, while the political dimension of her ideas receives limited attention. This study aims to examine Kartini’s political thought as reflected in her letters, positioning her as a political subject who articulated critiques of social structures, customary norms, and patriarchal power relations through non-formal means. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a library-based research design. The data are derived from an analysis of Kartini’s letters compiled in Door Duisternis tot Licht and supported by relevant academic literature. A descriptive-analytical method with a thematic approach is employed to explore political ideas and discourses embedded in the texts. Kartini’s thought in this study is understood as a form of political awareness that extends beyond individual emancipation and relates to broader issues of women’s political participation. This research contributes to the study of women’s politics by offering a historical perspective that places women as political subjects.

This research analyzes the concept of deep learning in education through the philosophical values of Ki Hajar De-wantara. Utilizing a qualitative literature study, it explores the connection between deep learning, Indonesian hu-manistic values, and local wisdom. The findings reveal that Dewantara's "Tri Pusat Pendidikan" (Three Educational Centers) and his three main mottos Ing Ngarso Sung Tuladha, Ing Madya Mangun Karsa, and Tut Wuri Handaya ni are closely aligned with deep learning principles, such as contextual learning, holistic development, and stu-dent independence. The research also identifies challenges in implementing deep learning technology, including risks of dehumanization, the digital divide, and an overemphasis on technical aspects at the expense of values. To address these issues, the study proposes a conceptual framework that encompasses four dimensions: pedagogical, technological, ethical, and socio-cultural. This synthesis of technological advancement and local wisdom offers a fresh perspective on humanistic digital education. The findings contribute both theoretically and practically to educators, technology developers, and policymakers in designing AI-based learning systems rooted in humanistic values.

Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW constitutes a fundamental source of Islamic teachings that plays a crucial role in shaping value systems, particularly in the field of education. One of the most essential hadiths in Islamic educational discourse is Ṭalabul ‘Ilmi Farīḍah ‘Alā Kulli Muslim, which emphasizes the obligation of seeking knowledge for every Muslim. This article aims to comprehensively examine the ethics of seeking knowledge from the perspective of this hadith and its relevance to academic life among university students. This study employs a library research method by analyzing hadith compilations, classical and contemporary hadith commentaries, and scholarly literature in Islamic education. The findings indicate that the hadith Ṭalabul ‘Ilmi Farīḍah ‘Alā Kulli Muslim not only establishes the obligation of acquiring knowledge but also embodies fundamental principles of academic ethics, including sincerity, perseverance, honesty, respect for educators, and responsibility in applying knowledge. These ethical values remain highly relevant in fostering an academic culture of integrity within higher education institutions.

The background of this research aims to determine and analyze judges' perspectives on the application of customary law in resolving criminal cases at the Padangsidimpuan District Court. Customary law is an unwritten legal system that exists and develops within society and is often used as a consideration in deciding cases related to local values ​​and cultural wisdom. In the context of Padangsidimpuan society, which still strongly upholds customs and traditions, customary law often serves as a means of resolving social conflicts before they enter the formal legal realm. The research method used is empirical juridical, with data collection techniques through direct interviews with judges and document studies of several relevant court decisions. The results indicate that most judges at the Padangsidimpuan District Court view customary law as a complementary instrument to positive law, particularly in minor criminal cases with social and familial dimensions. Judges strive to consider customary values ​​to achieve substantive justice, without neglecting the principle of legality and statutory provisions. However, the application of customary law cannot replace positive law in its entirety; rather, it serves as a moral and social value that strengthens the community's sense of justice.

Social media, initially projected as a democratic discourse space, has instead become trapped in the echo chamber phenomenon, narrowing the intellectual horizons of its users. This research aims to analyze the echo chamber phenomenon on social media through the lens of Max Horkheimer’s critical theory, specifically the concept of the "Eclipse of Reason." The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive with a literature study and philosophical analysis approach. The results indicate that social media algorithms have shifted objective reason into instrumental reason, where truth is measured solely by efficacy and confirmation of personal beliefs. The analysis in this article concludes that social media functions as an "eclipse of reason" machine that stifles the critical reasoning abilities of individuals. This process occurs when reason is no longer used to critically dissect reality but serves merely as a technical tool to adapt to homogeneous information flows. The death of critical reason is not merely a technical byproduct of algorithms but a manifestation of the dominance of formal rationality that sidelines human values in the digital sphere.

This study stems from a classic question in the study of political hadith regarding leadership, specifically the hadith "The Imams are from Quraysh," which is often understood textually as requiring leaders to be from the Quraysh tribe. This kind of understanding often stops at the normative and historical level, without considering the socio-political context of modern society, which is fundamentally different from the early Islamic era. As a result, a gap emerged between the moral message of the hadith and the reality of the leadership system in democratic countries like Indonesia. This research aims to reanalyse the meaning of hadiths about Quraysh and non-Quraysh leadership, and to trace their relevance to the concept of state leadership in the Indonesian constitutional system, placing Islamic political theory and modern leadership theory on an equal footing (theory = theory). This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research, with the primary sources being political hadiths and classical references such as al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyyah by al-Mawardi, supplemented by contemporary literature on the modern Indonesian government system. The analysis was conducted using comparative methods and content analysis to explore the commonalities and differences between the concept of Imamah in Islam and leadership in modern democratic systems. The research findings indicate that the hadith about Quraysh leadership cannot be understood rigidly as a limitation of lineage, but rather as an ethical guideline emphasising the principles of justice, trust, responsibility, and public interest. The ethical values in the hadith align with the basic principles of the presidential system in Indonesia, such as public accountability, limitation of power, and popular sovereignty, as regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Despite challenges such as corruption, the politicisation of religion, and weak leadership morality, the values of the hadith remain relevant if translated into public norms and modern governance practices. This research confirms that leadership in Islam and Indonesian democracy can complement each other, with Islam providing a moral and spiritual foundation, while democracy offers the legal and political structure to realise it.

The implementation of e-government in government administration can make services more efficient, transparent, and reliable, as well as provide faster service to the public. The Sidoarjo Regency Population and Civil Registration Office launched the PLAVON website as a digital service. This study aims to describe the strategy for improving digital service quality from a public value perspective, focusing on the PLAVON website of the Sidoarjo Regency Population and Civil Registration Office. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that the quality of PLAVON’s digital services can be analyzed through three dimensions of public value: improved public service, improved administration, and improved social value. In the improved public service dimension, PLAVON enhances the ease and speed of population administration services; however, these improvements are still constrained by technical system disruptions and unstable website performance. In terms of improved administration, the implementation of digital services through PLAVON contributes to greater transparency and improved employee professionalism. Meanwhile, within the improved social value dimension, PLAVON plays a role in strengthening public trust in government institutions. This study emphasizes that the improvement of digital service quality is not solely dependent on technical factors but also on the government’s capacity to generate tangible and sustainable public value for the community.

This study analyzes the construction of Catholic identity in the digital era from the perspective of social constructivism theory. In contrast to traditional identity formation tied to physical spaces like parishes, the digital age has created a dynamic virtual space where Catholic identity is actively shaped through theological narratives on social media. This qualitative research employs critical discourse analysis (CDA) of digital narratives from various theological sources, including papal posts and content from lay Catholic influencers. The findings indicate that Catholic identity is now constructed through digital interaction and participation, which changes how the faithful perceive church authority, form communities, and express their faith. This process has led to a shift from hierarchical authority to an authority that is also built from the ground up by the participation of the laity. Additionally, Catholic communities are transcending geographical boundaries to become "digital parishes." The implication for Inter-Faith Studies is that understanding this digitally constructed self-identity is crucial before engaging in dialogue with other religions, as the resulting narratives can be either inclusive or exclusive. In conclusion, contemporary Catholic identity is a dynamic and constructed entity, woven from both offline and online experiences.

The development of deepfake technology, which utilises artificial intelligence to manipulate images, videos and sounds, has led to a serious threat of sextortion. In the Indonesian context, high internet penetration and low awareness of digital security increase the risk of this crime. This research analyses the legal consequences of the misuse of deepfake technology in sextortion based on the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE). Using normative juridical methods and descriptive-qualitative analysis, this research examines the legal challenges faced in enforcing sanctions against this crime and provides recommendations to strengthen the legal framework in Indonesia. The results show that there are gaps in the legal framework that need to be addressed, as well as the importance of education and capacity building of law enforcement in dealing with cybercrime. In addition, the development of more sophisticated deepfake detection technology is expected to be a solution in tackling this abuse in the future.

This research discusses the role of the community in the formation of Regional Regulation (PERDA) Number 5 of 2021 in Takalar Regency from the perspective of siyasah dusturiyah. The aim of this research is to analyze: (1) the participation of fishermen in the formation of the PERDA, (2) the government's efforts in the protection and empowerment of fishermen, and (3) the dusturiyah perspective on the formation of the PERDA. The study uses a qualitative approach with field research methods, relying on interviews and observations as data collection techniques. Data processing is carried out through reduction and categorization, and its validity is tested through transferability, dependability, and credibility. The research findings show that fishermen have actively participated in activities organized by the local government. Protection and empowerment of fishermen are carried out in accordance with the mandate of PERDA No. 5 of 2021. The process of forming the PERDA is also in line with the principles of siyasah dusturiyah, such as alignment with the 1945 Constitution and national law, strengthening regional autonomy and decentralization, principles of welfare and social justice, as well as respect for human rights (HAM). Furthermore, it supports public participation, accountability, and the balance of economic development.

This study examines the prohibition of marriage based on the babisiak oath in Nagari Lunto, Lembah Segar District, Sawahlunto City, from the perspective of Sadd al-Dzari’ah and the views of Generation Z. The babisiak oath is a traditional vow made by previous ninik mamak (customary elders) declaring that members of the Buo Bungo tribe and the Kutia Anyia Bawah tribe are forbidden to marry, as the elders had sworn a brotherhood bond known as batali budi. This research employs a qualitative field research approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the Head of the Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) of Lunto Village and several Generation Z members residing in the area. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and qualitative methods. The findings indicate that, from the perspective of Sadd al-Dzari’ah, the marriage prohibition falls into the third category, namely a permissible act that has a strong potential to cause harm. Allowing such marriages could reopen historical conflicts, expose past grievances between the tribes, and potentially lead to social or physical disputes. Furthermore, Generation Z’s perspectives on the prohibition can be classified into three groups: those who remain obedient to the custom, those who hold a moderate stance, and those who tend to reject the prohibition. Despite these differences, most Generation Z respondents acknowledge that the babisiak oath has historical and social value that deserves preservation. However, they also emphasize the need to reinterpret its implementation in the contemporary context to prevent conflicts between customary law, Islamic legal principles, and individual freedom.

Contemporary Islamic education faces a crisis of value transformation, where cognitive literacy achievements do not correspond proportionally to the quality of moral conduct (adab) and spiritual internalization. This study aims to examine this failure through a critical review of Prophetic Hadith on the phenomenon of literacy without faith. Employing a qualitative descriptive method based on library research, it analyzes relevant Hadith literature, books, and journals. The findings reveal that modern educational practices tend to reverse the learning sequence by prioritizing textual mastery before instilling the foundations of faith. This indicates that curricular formalism may impede the inner transformation of learners. The novelty of this research lies in its methodological critique of educational orientations that place text above faith. The study concludes that restoring the Prophetic method, guided by the principle of "learning faith before the Qur'an," is essential so that faith serves as the existential foundation for building robust, civilized, and functional religious character in real-life contexts.

Premeditated murder is a severe crime characterized by prior planning (voorbedachte raad), making the proof of premeditation crucial in criminal justice. This element is linked to the mental state of the perpetrator, which cannot be directly proven but must be inferred from objective facts and events. Legal proof often focuses on the elements of Article 340 of the Criminal Code, overlooking criminological aspects such as motives, background, and the process of intent formation. This study analyzes how premeditation is proven in murder cases from a criminological perspective and evaluates the relevance of criminological approaches in judicial deliberations. Using a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by philosophical, sociological, and criminological studies, the research finds that proving premeditation requires more than legal indicators like time delay, tool preparation, and structured actions. It also involves understanding the perpetrator's psychological, social, and situational factors. A criminological perspective helps explain the formation of criminal intent, offering a more comprehensive view of premeditation. Integrating criminology into judicial decisions can enhance evidence quality, leading to more substantive and just outcomes.

Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global dengan beban ekonomi dan klinis yang sangat tinggi. Beragam pilihan terapi antidiabetes telah tersedia, mulai dari obat konvensional seperti metformin dan sulfonilurea hingga obat generasi baru seperti inhibitor dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4i), agonis reseptor glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1 RA), dan inhibitor sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2i). Perbedaan harga dan efektivitas terapi menuntut adanya kajian farmakoekonomi, khususnya cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan klinis dan kebijakan kesehatan. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk merangkum bukti CEA pada berbagai obat antidiabetes yang dipublikasikan dalam lima tahun terakhir, baik di Indonesia maupun internasional. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa obat generasi baru umumnya memberikan manfaat klinis yang lebih baik, terutama dalam pencegahan komplikasi kardiorenal, namun biaya yang lebih tinggi sering menjadi kendala dalam penilaian efektivitas biaya. Sementara itu, obat konvensional tetap menjadi terapi yang relatif cost-effective pada banyak konteks, terutama di negara berpendapatan menengah. Perbedaan hasil antarstudi sangat dipengaruhi oleh harga obat, perspektif analisis, serta asumsi manfaat jangka panjang. Kajian ini menegaskan pentingnya evaluasi farmakoekonomi dalam menentukan pilihan terapi yang rasional dan efisien untuk pasien DMT2.

The rapid expansion of digital media use has intensified the practice of cyberbullying as a form of non-physical violence that seriously affects victims’ mental health, dignity, and human rights. In Indonesia, cyberbullying is not specifically regulated and still relies on general provisions in the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions (EIT Law), which often lead to multiple interpretations, overcriminalization, and potential restrictions on freedom of expression. This article aims to analyze the urgency of establishing a specific criminal offense for cyberbullying within the framework of human rights protection and the principle of proportionality in limiting freedom of expression in the digital sphere. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to regulations in several countries. The findings indicate that the absence of specific norms on cyberbullying creates legal uncertainty and weakens victim protection while also opening opportunities for the misuse of legal provisions against legitimate expression. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate clear, proportional, and victim-oriented criminal regulations, supported by fair and transparent law enforcement mechanisms that are consistent with human rights principles in the digital era.