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This study discusses the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) in preventing deviant behavior in adolescents. Adolescence is a critical phase marked by changes in identity and environmental influences. Without proper guidance, adolescents are vulnerable to deviant behavior such as brawls, drug abuse, and free sex. With the increasing use of social media, ethical values ​​are often neglected, so relevant education becomes very important. Through a contextual approach, PAK is expected to shape the character and morals of adolescents. However, the effectiveness of PAK is often hampered by rigid teaching methods and a lack of collaboration between families, schools, and churches. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with literature analysis to explore the challenges and opportunities in implementing PAK. The results show that PAK has great potential in shaping the character of adolescents, but requires innovation and synergy from all related parties. Collaboration between families, schools, and churches is important to create an environment that supports the spiritual and moral growth of adolescents.

Tulisan ini membahas pendekatan refleksi teologis menggunakan metode lingkaran pastoral dalam konteks pendidikan Kristen. Lingkaran pastoral, yang terdiri dari tahapan melihat, menilai, bertindak, dan merayakan, menjadi alat yang efektif untuk mengintegrasikan pengalaman hidup dengan ajaran Kristiani. Pendekatan ini bertujuan agar pendidikan Kristen tidak hanya bersifat teoritis, tetapi juga membentuk karakter, spiritualitas, dan kepekaan sosial peserta didik. Dalam menghadapi tantangan globalisasi dan kompleksitas sosial, refleksi teologis ini memberikan ruang bagi peserta didik untuk memahami iman secara kontekstual dan menjadi agen perubahan dalam masyarakat. Dengan penerapan yang tepat, pendidikan Kristen berbasis lingkaran pastoral dapat melahirkan individu yang memiliki iman kuat serta komitmen nyata terhadap nilai-nilai Kerajaan Allah.  

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant influence of the discussion method on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education of class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The method used in this study uses a quantitative approach method. The population is all class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year totaling 205 people and a sample of 41 people is determined, which is 20% of the population. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 42 items. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence of the discussion method on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education of class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.549> rtable (a = 0.05, n = 41) = 0.308 thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value = 4.101> ttable (a = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 39) = 2.021 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂="35","76"+1.13X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 30.1%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount> Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=16, dk denominator=n-2=41-2=39) which is 16.81> 1.51. Thus Ha, namely there is a positive and significant influence of the discussion method on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education of class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year, is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) plays an important role in the formation of character and spirituality of students. This study aims to analyze human resource management (HR) in improving the effectiveness of the role of teachers and education personnel in the PAK environment. The approach used is a literature study, by analyzing literature, journals, and related references. The findings show that teachers are not only teachers, but also role models of Christian values. Continuous training, collaboration between teachers, cooperation with parents, and the availability of quality educational facilities are important factors in strengthening student character. A holistic management approach has been proven to be able to integrate cognitive, affective, and spiritual aspects. The implication is that adaptive and contextual HR management is needed so that PAK is able to answer the challenges of the times and form a generation with integrity.

Christian religious education teachers need to play a role as counselors for behavioral changes in students in elementary education institutions including at the 04 Tahu Public Elementary School, Meranti District. Christian religious education teachers who carry out their main duties at the 04 Tahu Public Elementary School because some students at the school have bad behavior, which includes fighting with their friends, hitting their friends without reason, being lazy to do homework, and there are other problems that they do. This paper aims to explain the role of Christian religious education teachers as counselors in counseling students who have problems or are not problems, so that they experience increasingly significant behavioral changes. The methodology used in this study is qualitative with a data processing approach, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The formulation of the theoretical results of this thesis is that if Christian religious education teachers play a better role optimally, then students will experience behavioral changes that are expected by many people. Thus, the simple conclusion of this thesis is that the role of Christian religious education teachers is highly expected to play a major role in making behavioral changes for students, especially students at the 04 Tahu Public Elementary School.

This study examines the strategic role of collaborative learning in strengthening students’ faith and character within the context of Christian Religious Education (CRE). In the face of globalization and the rapid development of digital technology, CRE is increasingly expected to go beyond the transmission of theological knowledge and actively nurture the application of Christian values in daily life. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research includes classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis involving both teachers and students engaged in collaborative learning. The results show that collaborative learning fosters active student engagement, character formation, improved social interaction, and a deeper understanding of spiritual values. Teachers are shown to play a critical role as facilitators, cultivating an inclusive and dialogical classroom environment. The study finds that this learning model effectively integrates faith development with critical thinking and interpersonal skills. The findings also underscore the importance of pedagogical innovation in CRE to better respond to the educational needs of a younger generation living in a diverse and digitally connected society. Therefore, collaborative learning can be viewed as a relevant and impactful strategy for renewing Christian education in today’s complex educational landscape.

Christian religious education in schools has an important role in forming students' morals. This subject not only focuses on teaching religious doctrine, but also on forming character, ethical values, and attitudes that are in accordance with Christian teachings. In the context of formal education, Christian religious education functions as a means of instilling moral values such as honesty, responsibility, love and tolerance. This research aims to analyze how the implementation of Christian Religious Education in schools can influence students' moral formation, as well as the factors that support and hinder this process. The research method used is a qualitative approach with interviews, observation and document analysis as data collection techniques. The research results show that Christian religious education delivered with a contextual approach and relevant to students' lives can have a positive impact on their moral formation. Apart from that, the involvement of teachers who have good moral integrity and creative teaching methods is a determining factor for success. Thus, Christian religious education in schools has a strategic role in creating a young generation who have morals, character, and are able to live according to Christian principles amidst the challenges of the times.    

This study aims to determine the effect of the collaborative learning model on student learning outcomes. The research method used is quantitative with a pre-experimental design research type in the form of one-group pretest-posttest. The population of all 9th grade students is 62 people and a sample of 31 people through purposive sampling. The instrument in the form of a test question consists of 20 items. The results of the data analysis show that there is a positive and significant effect of the Collaborative Learning PAK and Budi Pekerti learning model on the Learning Outcomes of Class IX students, as evidenced by the tcount> ttable value, namely 14.226> 2.042. It is concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

The study aims to determine whether the educational crossword puzzle game can create, build, and change students' learning motivation and the learning process in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Satu Atap Tampahan. The research method used is quantitative with a pre-experimental design type in the form of One group pretest-posttest. The population of all classes VIII is 90 people and a sample of 31 people using purposive sampling. The closed questionnaire instrument consists of 20 items. The results of the data analysis show that there is an influence of the educational game method used by the teacher on students' learning motivation, as evidenced by the significant test obtained a value of t count> t table, namely 6.669> 2.042, it is concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

The use of audiovisual media is one of the successes of learning, including student learning motivation. This study aims to determine the positive and significant effect of the Use of Audiovisual Media on the Learning Motivation of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 2 Balige in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. Quantitative method, the Research Population was all class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Balige totaling 216 people and the sample was taken 15% of the total population of 216 people so that the sample of this study was 32 people. Using regression analysis techniques. Proven through the following data analysis: 1) Influence test: Regression equation test Ŷ = 0.292 + 33.506X. b) The significant influence test obtained the value of tcount> ttable = 1.8019> 2.024, then Ha is accepted Ho is rejected. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the use of audiovisual media on student learning motivation can increase. This can be seen from the average value of 3. Thus, the researcher concluded that there is learning motivation for Christian Religious Education students in the 2024/2025 Academic Year.

Jesus Christ as a role model for PAK teachers so that the role and competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers. Jesus, as the Great Teacher, provides a learning model centered on love, patience, wisdom, and real-life examples. By understanding and applying the principles of Jesus' leadership and teaching, PAK teachers can be more effective in guiding students, both in spiritual and moral aspects. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through literature study of theological literature, Christian education, and analysis of Jesus' teachings and actions in the Bible. The results showed that the example of Jesus has a significant impact in shaping the character of PAK teachers, especially in the aspects of integrity, servant leadership, and the ability to educate with love and wisdom. The conclusion of this study confirms that PAK teachers who imitate Jesus can be agents of transformation in the world of education, forming a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent, but also has a strong Christian character.

The era of globalization brings great challenges to the world of education, especially in shaping the character of the younger generation. Christian Religious Education (PAK) learning has a very important role in facing these challenges, especially in strengthening students' character. This study aims to analyze the role of PAK learning in building students' character amidst the flow of globalization. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, through data collection from interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results of the study show that PAK learning not only teaches religious values, but also provides a solid moral foundation for students in facing the negative effects of globalization. PAK plays a role in shaping students' attitudes of discipline, responsibility, tolerance, and integrity, which are very important in facing the changing times. Therefore, Christian religious education is one of the important means in strengthening students' character so that they are able to adapt well in the challenging era of globalization.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in shaping the Christian character of students at SMK Negeri 1 Beringin. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method and secondary data analysis. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers have a strategic role as educators, mentors, facilitators, and advisors in instilling Christian values ​​such as love, honesty, responsibility, forgiveness, and concern for others. Character formation is carried out through the teacher's exemplary life, integration of Biblical values ​​in the learning process, application of real faith practices in everyday life, and a learning approach that prioritizes love and understanding of students' needs. In addition, PAK teachers are expected to continue to develop themselves spiritually and professionally to increase equal effectiveness. Suggestions from this study include the importance of improving the quality and competence of teachers, providing supporting facilities and infrastructure by schools, and developing contextual, interactive, and relevant learning methods to students' lives so that Christian character formation can take place optimally.

This study aims to examine the role of Christian religious education teachers as role models in preventing bullying in the environment of SMA Negeri 2 Siborong-Borong. Bullying in schools is a serious problem that can hurt student's mental and emotional development. As respected figures and role models, teachers have a key role in creating a safe and respectful environment. In this study, the author highlights various ways in which teachers can play an active role, such as being an example of positive behaviour, building good relationships with students, teaching the values ​​of empathy and tolerance, and enforcing anti-bullying rules firmly. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach by presenting descriptions of literature, books and journals that are linked to the context of teachers and students at SMA Negeri 2 Siborong-Borong. The results of the study indicate that the role of teachers as role models is very important in creating a school culture that is free from bullying and increasing students' awareness of the dangers of bullying and the importance of mutual respect. Thus, the role of teachers as role models in preventing bullying can significantly impact creating a safe and comfortable learning atmosphere for all students.

This study aims to analyze the principles of social competence contained in Matthew 23:4-12 and how they are implied with the social competence of Christian Education Teachers (PAK Teachers) at SD Negeri 071095 Fukagambo. Matthew 23 provides criticism of the behavior of hypocritical teachers and in this context, is used as a basis for reflection to develop authentic social competence of teachers. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection techniques through literature secunder. The results of the study indicate that the understanding and application of the principles of Matthew 23:4-12 in the social competence of PAK Teachers at SD Negeri 071095 Fukagambo still vary. This study recommends the need for increased training and mentoring for PAK Teachers, as well as strengthening the understanding of social competence so that teacher errors according to Matthew 23 are not repeated.

A Christian Educator does not display an attitude of humility and sincerity in carrying out his profession. He is limited to the respect and material he obtains. The research in this manuscript has a direction to conduct a study on the personality competence of PK teachers from the narrative story of the teacher (Rabbi) based on Matthew 23 and analyze its implications at SMP Negeri 1 Moro’o, West Nias. Matthew 23 as a harsh criticism of the practice of teacher function personality that is not integral as a teacher. The research method applies qualitative principles with a content analysis approach. The results of the study indicate that personality competence based on Matthew 23 is the attitude of PK teachers who display a sense of brotherhood, integrity, become facilitators, and remain humble. The implications of teacher personality competence at SMP Negeri 1 Moro’o result in an increase in the quality of learning, the formation of student spirituality, and the creation of a conducive learning process. Thus, Matthew 23 has implications for the development of teacher personality competence in the current and future contexts so as not to repeat the same mistakes as previous religious teachers.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education Teachers in shaping the Emotional Quotient (EQ) of Alpha Generation children, as one of the efforts to welcome the Golden Indonesia 2045. The Alpha Generation that grows up in technological developments and global challenges requires high emotional intelligence to be able to adapt well in the future. using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, which collects theories and information from academically accountable sources such as books, journals, the Bible, and online media. The researcher selected relevant literature materials to discuss the role of Christian Religious Education teachers in shaping the emotional quotient (EQ) of Alpha Generation children. The main purpose of this study is to explore how PAK teachers can play a role in shaping children's EQ through a learning approach based on Christian religious values, as well as to find out the strategies and methods used in teaching to improve children's emotional intelligence. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of character education, especially in the context of Christian religious education, to support the achievement of the Golden Indonesia 2045 by producing a generation that is emotionally, socially, and spiritually intelligent.

There is a decline in student morality and the intention of student independence in carrying out worship. Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers are very important in directing moral understanding and producing independence in worship. This study explores PAK teachers’ roles in facing moral challenges in the digital era. With a qualitative paradigm and a literature review approach, this study describes the roles of PAK teachers in shaping morals and spirituality as a form of interactive and contextual learning. The study results show that PAK teachers’ role is significant in shaping moral awareness and independence of worship. The role of PAK teachers is key to building a generation with a solid moral foundation and can carry out worship according to Christian teachings.

This study aims to explore the optimization of pedagogical competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in the application of problem-based learning (PBM) methods at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran, North Tapanuli Regency. Teachers' pedagogical competence has a crucial role in designing and implementing effective learning processes, especially in the context of implementing PBM methods that aim to improve students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library approach from book and journal theories to explore information on how PAK teachers implement their pedagogical competence in PBM. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran have optimized their pedagogical competence in adapting the PBM method by focusing on the characteristics of student development which is carried out with a more personal approach. This study concludes that increasing training and development of pedagogical competence for PAK teachers through the application of PBM methods is very effective in improving the quality of learning at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran.

In the context of education, Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers not only function as teachers, but also as moral role models who teach Christian values ​​and social norms that are important for the development of students' character. This study aims to examine the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers based on social norms in building student character at SDN 064959 Medan Area. This study uses a qualitative literature method by collecting data from observations, interviews, and relevant literature studies. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers play a role in instilling Christian values ​​that teach social norms to maintain tolerance in living together with others. PAK teachers also function as facilitators in creating a learning environment that supports the development of empathy and social concern among students. This study emphasizes that Christian religious education has a significant impact on forming individuals who are not only knowledgeable, but also have strong moral and ethical integrity. The conclusion in this study provides insight into the development of a Christian religious education curriculum that is more effective and relevant to the needs of today's society.