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This study aims to describe effective learning strategies in increasing the understanding of literal meaning and majazi at students at Zainul Hasan Ganggong Islamic Boarding School. Pesantren, as a religious-based education institution, has an important role in shaping comprehensive religious understanding, including understanding of rich religious texts about literal meaning and majazi. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with observation methods, interviews, and documentation to collect data. The results showed that effective learning strategies include the use of tahsin methods (proper and correct reading of the Qur'an), tahfizh (memorizing the Qur'an), a contextual explanation of the Qur'an and hadith verses, as well as group discussions that encourage students to interact and exchange thoughts. These strategies have proven to increase students’ understanding of literal meaning and majazi, so they can understand more deep and cyclic texts in their daily lives. This study provides important implications for curriculum development and learning methods in pesantren to improve the quality of the religious understanding of students.

This study aims to describe effective learning strategies in increasing the understanding of literal meaning and majazi at students at Zainul Hasan Ganggong Islamic Boarding School. Pesantren, as a religious-based education institution, has an important role in shaping comprehensive religious understanding, including understanding of rich religious texts about literal meaning and majazi. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with observation methods, interviews, and documentation to collect data. The results showed that effective learning strategies include the use of tahsin methods (proper and correct reading of the Qur'an), tahfizh (memorizing the Qur'an), a contextual explanation of the Qur'an and hadith verses, as well as group discussions that encourage students to interact and exchange thoughts. These strategies have proven to increase students’ understanding of literal meaning and majazi, so they can understand more deep and cyclic texts in their daily lives. This study provides important implications for curriculum development and learning methods in pesantren to improve the quality of the religious understanding of students.

This study aims to determine the effect of applying the reciprocal teaching style on students’ learning outcomes in the basic overhead passing technique in volleyball at SMK Negeri 1 Tombulu. The research was motivated by the students’ low ability to perform effective overhead passing in physical education lessons. An experimental method with a randomized control group pre-test and post-test design was used. The sample consisted of two groups: an experimental group taught using the reciprocal style and a control group that received no treatment. Data were collected through a skill test and analyzed using the t-test. The results revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group. This finding indicates that the reciprocal teaching style is effective in enhancing students’ mastery of basic volleyball skills. The study highlights important implications for physical education teachers in selecting effective teaching methods to improve students' motor skills.

Food hygiene and sanitation are crucial in the culinary industry to prevent contamination and protect consumer health. However, foodborne diseases remain a global issue due to poor food handling practices. Traditional lecture methods are often ineffective in improving students' practical skills related to food safety. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Role-Playing Cards as an interactive learning tool. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test was conducted on 70 culinary students enrolled in a food hygiene and sanitation course. Participants were divided into two groups: Cross-Contamination and Foodborne Illness. The findings showed a significant improvement in understanding, with post-test scores increasing from 58.2 to 87.6 (p < 0.001) and from 60.4 to 89.2 (p < 0.001). Additionally, 99% of students found the method relevant, and 97% considered Role-Playing Cards engaging and easy to apply. In conclusion, this method effectively enhances students' understanding, promotes critical thinking, and provides a more interactive learning experience in food safety education.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be a transformational tool in Christian Religious Education in the digital era. Technological advancements bring significant changes to the way we learn and teach, including religious education, which demands innovative methods to remain relevant to the younger generation increasingly connected to technology. AI offers various opportunities to enrich the learning experience and deepen the understanding of Christian values through a more personal and interactive approach. This article discusses several AI applications in Christian religious education, such as virtual assistants for spiritual guidance, in-depth Bible text analysis, and adaptive learning platforms that can tailor materials to the needs of learners. With AI technology, Christian religious education can provide more interactive and responsive modules, allowing learners to delve into religious teachings both individually and in groups. Additionally, the use of AI in analyzing learning behavior allows for more effective curriculum personalization according to the spiritual needs of each individual. This approach can address the challenge of maintaining the relevance of religious values amidst the rapid influx of digital information. This article also examines the potential of AI in aiding faith development, for example through spiritual reflection applications tailored to the user's spiritual growth. This transformation is expected to prepare a generation of Christians who are not only technologically savvy but also spiritually strong, and empowered to face moral and ethical challenges in the future. Thus, AI-based Christian Religious Education can be a pathway to building a relevant and dynamic spiritual future in the digital era.

This study explores the influence of social interactions in the school environment on the emotional development of fifth-grade students at SDN 060875 Medan. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design (30 participants), data were collected through participatory observation, emotional intelligence scales (EIK), and interviews. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between social interaction and emotional regulation (r = 0.62; p < 0.05). Cooperative interactions (65% of total interactions) and partner diversity were critical for developing empathy and self-awareness. Teachers functioned as emotional models through emotion coaching techniques, while a mastery goal-oriented classroom climate strengthened this relationship. Practical implications include integrating social-emotional learning (SEL) into cross-group collaborative activities and structured peer mentoring programs. This research affirms social interaction as a constitutive foundation for emotional development in Indonesia’s socio-cultural context.

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects through the application of the Role Playing method.  The Role Playing method was chosen because it is considered effective in improving students' conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills, as well as motivating students to actively participate in the learning process. This research uses an experimental method with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of two fifth classes in an elementary school, namely an experimental class taught using the Role Playing method and a control class taught using conventional methods. Data was collected through student learning outcomes tests before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using the t-test to compare the differences in average learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control class. The research results showed that there was a significant difference between the learning outcomes of experimental class and control class students after the Role Playing method was applied.  The average learning outcomes of experimental class students increased significantly compared to the control class.  In conclusion, the Role Playing method is effective in improving the learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students in science and science subjects.  This research recommends that teachers can apply the Role Playing method in science learning to increase students' understanding and interest in learning.

The teaching of Indonesian language in elementary schools plays a crucial role in developing students' literacy skills, particularly in narrative writing. However, in practice, many students struggle with generating ideas, constructing storylines, and utilizing proper language structures. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach in enhancing narrative writing skills among fifth-grade elementary students. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach was employed. The study involved two groups: the experimental group received instruction based on CTL, while the control group was taught using conventional methods. Data analysis indicated a significant improvement in the narrative writing skills of students in the experimental group compared to the control group. The CTL approach was shown to be effective in improving students' learning outcomes by relating lesson content to real-life experiences, while also fostering active participation and creativity. These findings suggest that CTL can be an effective instructional strategy for teaching writing in elementary schools.

This research investigates how effective the use of instructional media based on PowerPoint (PPT), when integrated with mime techniques, is in improving students' mastery of vocabulary. The study is driven by the recurring problem of students having a limited range of vocabulary, which frequently becomes an obstacle in the process of acquiring language skills. A quantitative research method with a quasi-experimental framework was employed, involving two separate groups of participants: an experimental class exposed to mime-supported PPT instruction, and a control class taught using traditional methods without the aid of visual media. To measure learning outcomes, both pre-tests and post-tests were administered, and the data obtained were examined using an independent sample t-test. The experimental group was taught using the تقنيّة التقليد الحركي technique enhanced by multimedia presentation, while the control group relied solely on conventional instruction. The analysis indicated a notable he findings revealed a notable enhancement in the vocabulary skills of the experimental group, demonstrated by an increase in their average post-test scores. Scores increasing from 47.59 to 77.59. In contrast, the control group showed a more moderate gain, from 48.33 to 63.67. These results underscore the value of integrating PowerPoint into the تقنيّة التقليد الحركي approach, which appears to significantly reinforce vocabulary retention and engagement. Consequently, this study advocates for more creative and interactive strategies in Arabic language instruction, especially in addressing persistent vocabulary learning challenges.

This study aimed to examine (1) the methods of instilling tolerance attitudes and (2) the factors influencing the cultivation of tolerance in Social Science learning at Islamic Junior High School (MTs) Baiturrahman Tapung. The research was motivated by the lack of tolerance among students. A qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive techniques, supported by data validity checks and triangulation. The findings revealed that tolerance was fostered in eighth-grade students through school culture integration, including: (1) greetings in various languages and cultures, (2) forming discussion groups, (3) promoting respectful communication, (4) cultural exchange activities, and (5) celebrating significant religious and cultural events. Additionally, Social Science learning reinforced tolerance by (1) incorporating tolerance values into lesson plans and syllabi, and (2) connecting tolerance attitudes to learning approaches and subject matter. Supporting factors included teacher competence, curriculum design, learning materials, and evaluation methods. Conversely, obstructing factors involved parents' lack of awareness regarding the importance of tolerance. This study highlights the role of educational strategies and school culture in nurturing tolerance, emphasizing the need for collaboration between educators and parents to strengthen students' tolerance attitudes effectively.

This research aims to examine how elementary school teachers enhance students’ reading skills using Indonesian folklore as a learning medium. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with data gathered through classroom observations, teacher interviews, and analysis of instructional materials. The results indicate that teachers apply various contextual teaching strategies, including guided reading, storytelling, group discussions, and vocabulary development using folklore texts. These methods help foster student engagement and improve reading comprehension. The study highlights the importance of integrating local cultural content into literacy instruction at the primary education level.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Structural Analytic Synthetic (SAS) method on second-grade elementary students' ability to write in cursive. Writing, especially cursive writing, is an essential part of learning the Indonesian language at the elementary level. However, many students still struggle with this skill. The SAS method is believed to help students understand word structures step by step—from full sentences, words, syllables, to letters—thus making the writing process easier. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design and a nonequivalent control group model. The sample consisted of two classes: the experimental class received treatment using the SAS method, while the control class used conventional methods. The instrument used was a cursive writing test (pretest and posttest), and data were analyzed using a t-test with the assistance of SPSS. The results show a significant difference between the posttest scores of the experimental and control groups, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. This indicates that the use of the SAS method effectively improves the cursive writing skills of second-grade elementary students.

This study explores the role of Social Studies (IPS) teachers in optimizing students’ learning activeness through the implementation of the Active Learning model at SMPN 3 Srengat Blitar. The background of this study includes issues such as students’ lack of discipline when entering the classroom, classroom attitudes and habits that hinder the learning process, and the use of monotonous and less engaging teaching methods. The purpose of this research is to examine the role of IPS teachers, the impact of implementing Active Learning, the challenges teachers face, and institutional support provided by the school in enhancing student engagement. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving teachers, students, and school authorities. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was ensured through triangulation of sources, techniques, and theories. The results indicate that IPS teachers actively serve as facilitators and motivators in implementing Active Learning strategies, such as group discussions, student presentations, and the use of interactive media. The application of this model increased student participation, encouraged self-expression, and enhanced classroom engagement. Despite challenges such as time constraints and varying student readiness, school support significantly contributed to the successful implementation of this approach. Thus, Active Learning is proven to be effective in creating an engaging and student-centered learning environment, aligning with the theory proposed by Bonwell and Eison.

The main problem in this study is how the influence of picture word media in pursuing the ability of early pre-reading in group B children in Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten, Makassar City. This study aims to find out how the influence of picture word media in pursuing the ability of early pre-reading in group B children in Kindergarten Insan Cemerlang Makassar City. The type of research used was an experiment using a one group pretest-posttest research design. The sample used was 14 students of class B2 of Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten. The instrument used to collect the data was a pre-reading developmental check technique. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used was the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with the IBM SPSS 25 program. Based on the results of the study, it showed a significant influence on children's initial pre-reading ability after being treated in the form of picture word media. The average pre-test score is 5.5 while the average post-test score increases to 13. Based on the results of the analysis of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test data, the Asymp.sig (2-tailed) value of 0.01 indicates that the probability is below 0.05 (p<0.05). So Ho was rejected. Thus, the media of pictorial words has been proven to have a significant effect in overcoming the initial pre-reading ability of group B children at Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten in Makassar City. This research contributes to the development of effective learning methods to improve early pre-reading skills in early childhood

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of collaborative learning in enhancing business communication skills among management students. The research involved 60 undergraduate management students at STIE Ganesha, enrolled in Business Introduction and Business English courses. Conducted over four months (February–May 2025), the study employed a mixed-method approach, including quantitative and qualitative data collection. Data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and thematic coding were used to analyze the data. The results show that 78% of students gained greater confidence in presenting ideas, 65% improved their use of business terminology, and 70% became more active listeners. Regression analysis confirmed a significant influence of collaborative learning on communication skills (p < 0.05). Qualitative findings emphasized the importance of lecturers’ facilitation in managing group dynamics and addressing dominance issues among students. The study suggests that the integration of collaborative learning methods into the management curriculum is crucial for enhancing students' soft skills, preparing them for future professional challenges. Additionally, it advocates for the development of structured collaborative activities to promote effective teamwork, active engagement, and better communication outcomes in academic settings, ultimately contributing to students' overall personal and professional growth.

Background Back : Development motor fine is one of the aspect important in grow flower child age preschool that plays a role in support readiness learning and activities everyday . However , it is not all child experience optimal development so required proper stimulation . One of the methods that can used is exercise brain (brain gym), namely a series movement simple with purpose optimize function brain . Purpose Research : Research This aim For know effectiveness of Brain Gym on development motor smooth on children ages 3–5 years in the work area Subdistrict Batam City. Research methods​ This use pre- experimental design with one-group pretest-posttest approach . Sample A total of 31 children were taken use total sampling technique . Measurement development motor fine done using KPSP before and after intervention . Data analysis was carried out with paired sample t-test. Results: Research results show existence improvement development motor fine after given brain gym intervention . Before intervention , partly big child is in the category development doubtful (64.5%), whereas after intervention all over children (100%) are in the category in accordance development . Statistical test results show p -value = 0.000 (<0.05), which means there is influence significant effect of brain gym on development motor fine child . Conclusion: research This show that Brain Gym is effective in increase development motor fine child age preschool . Therefore that , Brain Gym can recommended as method stimulation development children in the neighborhood education and public.

The effectiveness of the Windows Shopping strategy in enhancing the speech writing abilities of eighth-grade students at four government junior high schools in Cilacap Regency, Indonesia, is examined in this study. The study is based on the demand for novel instructional methods that assist students with the challenges of arranging thoughts, choosing the right vocabulary, and creating well-written sentences while writing speeches. The study used a mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential design, consisting of pretests and posttests administered to 128 pupils, along with qualitative data from observations, interviews, and reflections. With average scores rising from 61. 63 (pretest) to 81. 97 (posttest), the results showed a notable improvement in students' performance. The statistical significance was confirmed by a paired sample t-test (t = 11. 52, p = 9. 83 × 10⁻¹³). Qualitative data also showed that students were more engaged, creative, and confident during group learning sessions. The Windows Shopping method, in accordance with social constructivist learning principles, encouraged students to actively explore, present, and reconstruct information through group interaction. This approach, according to the study, is effective in improving students' speech writing abilities and promoting essential 21st century skills such as creativity, collaboration, and communication. It should be used more widely in other text-based language instruction as well.

This research aims to examine the learning methods and challenges faced by several students when solving mathematics problems regarding number patterns, with an emphasis on analyzing students' thinking processes. This study employs an approach to analyze students' ways of thinking. In this study, a qualitative approach is used with a case study method on a group of junior high school students. Information was collected through observations and analysis of students' work. The findings of the research indicate that students apply various strategies in understanding the material of number patterns, which include memorizing patterns to trying to find their own formulas. However, many students face difficulties in drawing conclusions about patterns and connecting relevant mathematical concepts to everyday life. Common mistakes include errors in recognizing patterns, errors in calculations, and a lack of precision in understanding problems. Analysis of the thinking process shows that some students are still at the concrete operational thinking level, so they need visual aids and real-life examples to better understand patterns. This research emphasizes the need for an approach in teaching that can enhance students' abstract thinking abilities and requires varied practice in determining numerical pattern problems.    

Learning activities can run smoothly if accompanied by the availability of appropriate learning media. Learning in the Machining Technology course requires direct practical activities, for example in understanding the use of lathes. The limitations of students' mastery of knowledge when facing the teaching and learning process that tends to be lecture-oriented, causing students' lack of understanding during practice. Learning media that is less interesting causes failure in delivering material, thereby reducing students' interest in learning. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Real Time Augmented Reality (RT-AR) Lathe media in the learning process of the Machining Technology course in the D-III Study Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Padang State University (FT-UNP). RT-AR media is designed to present interactive visualizations that describe the lathe work process in real time, so that it is expected to improve students' conceptual understanding and practical skills. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design in two groups: the experimental group using RT-AR media and the control group using conventional learning methods. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the learning outcomes of students in the experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, RT-AR media is also able to increase students' motivation and active participation during the learning process. These findings indicate that RT-AR Lathe media is an effective and relevant learning innovation to be applied in vocational engineering education, especially in mastering lathing material.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ problem-solving abilities in the reaction rate material at SMA Negeri 07 Gorontalo. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects consisted of two classes: class XI1 as the experimental group (using the PBL model) and class XI2 as the control group (using conventional learning). The instrument used was an essay test based on problem-solving indicators. The results showed a significant improvement in problem-solving ability in the experimental class compared to the control class. The average posttest score of the experimental class was 74 (categorized as good), while the control class scored 52 (categorized as fair). The t-test results indicated a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that the PBL model is more effective in enhancing students' problem-solving abilities than conventional learning methods.