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The protection of trade secrets against non-disclosure agreements is increasingly necessary in every cooperation agreement as a form of intellectual property protection. The purpose of this research is to know and understand the urgency of the inclusion of confidential information in the clause of the cooperation agreement so that it is fundamental to the principle of pacta sunt servanda. This research uses an analytical approach method to examine research materials through analysis of legal materials using normative legal research methods (Legal Research) In the protection of trade secrets, it also has a consequential impact on the abuse of the authority of the trade secret agreement contract because it has the nature of information that must be protected and not informed anywhere.

Raja Photo Studio is a place that provides services in the field of photography, with the aim of maximizing and empowering all the potential and abilities of its founder, who was born from a background in the world of photography. The photo services in question are for people who need photos for their own purposes. such as graduation photos, pre-wedding photos, family photos and so on. Customers can book coverage for weddings and aqikah events and so on. The information available at Raja Photo Studio includes product information in the form of prices and photo sizes, sales information. Based on research regarding the Web-Based Service Information System at Studio Raja Using the Waterfall Method

The research area is prone to flooding, which could potentially result in losses for the people of the research area. Based on this, it is important to map flood-prone areas, as a form of flood disaster mitigation effort to reduce the level of flood risk. Hazard mapping is an important stage in the process of disaster risk identification and analysis. Mapping flood-prone areas can use various methods or approaches. Approaches that can be used for assessing or mapping flood hazards are the geomorphological approach and community participation. This type of research is quantitative descriptive, namely a type of investigation that explains or explains a problem. Descriptive studies aim to explain populations, situations or phenomena accurately or systematically. Mapping flood hazards in the Koto Tangah District, Padang City. From the results of the analysis of the level of flood vulnerability above, the relationship between this research is that rainfall is too high and low river beds cause water to overflow into lowlands, causing the level of flood vulnerability to increase as time goes by. So The results obtained from the analysis of Flood Hazard Area Mapping are the area of ​​Koto Tangah sub-district is 22.017,43ha, by getting the level of non-prone areas with an area of ​​10.203.16ha, the level of less-prone areas with an area of ​​4.714.168ha, the level of vulnerable areas with an area of ​​3.990.458ha, the level of very vulnerable area with an area of ​​1.893,630ha. Koto Tangah District, Padang City has five levels of danger zones for flooding, based on the results of the parameter data used. Each parameter used greatly influences the level of flood risk in Koto Tangah District, Padang City, namely river buffer, land use, land height, land slope, soil type and rainfall. From the creation of flood prone levels in Koto Tangah sub-district, Padang city, areas with a very high risk of flooding are 10.68% with an area of ​​1892,630 ha, areas with a danger level of flood prone are 14.68% with an area of ​​3990,458 ha, areas with Kuang's flood-prone level is 21.40% with an area of ​​4714,168 ha, the area with a flood-safe level is 46.32% with an area of ​​10,203.16 ha.

The rapid development of technology and communication has had a major influence on human life, making it easier to access information such as websites. The role of a website is very important for success, especially in higher education. Based on this, Nahdaltul Ulama Sunan Giri Bojonegoro University built a student credit point system (SPEKMA) where this system is able to make it easier to save credit point values ​​for each activity that is determined based on an assessment of the achievements and activities that have been achieved by a student. The aim of this research is to determine the quality of the student credit points system (SPEKMA) website using the Webqual 4.0 model and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). This research uses Webqual as the basis for creating a questionnaire and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) as an analytical tool in the form of Gap Analysis and Cartesian quadrants. This research used proportionate stratified random sampling with a total of 91 respondents who were active students at Nahdaltul Ulama Sunan Giri University, Bojonegoro. Based on the results obtained, it shows that the overall quality of the SPEKMA website of Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri Bojonegoro University is not quite in line with user expectations. This is evident from the calculation results that the information quality variable results in a negative GAP gap (where the average importance value is greater than the average performance) with an average importance value of 4.12, an average performance value of 4.08. There are indicators that do not meet the interests and expectations of users.

Old Age Security (JHT) is an important program in the social security system in Indonesia which is organized by the Employment Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS). Despite being a vital form of social protection, JHT claims management is often in the spotlight due to the various challenges it faces, including effectiveness, efficiency and fairness in disbursement of claims. In this context, this research aims to analyze JHT claims management at the Pratama Rantau Prapat BPJS Employment Branch Office. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Data was collected through direct observation, interviews with officers and participants, as well as analysis of documents related to the claims process. The research results show that the JHT claims process faces various challenges, including the long time it takes to complete a claim, a lack of transparency and communication, and gaps in understanding between participants and officers. The conclusion of this research is that significant improvements are needed in JHT claims management. Recommendations for improvement include increasing process efficiency, increasing transparency and communication, and simplifying claims procedures. Implementation of these recommendations is expected to improve the quality of JHT claims services and provide greater benefits for participants in their preparation for a more financially secure retirement.

This research discusses the use of life insurance in mudharabah financing at BPRS Gebu Prima Medan. The introduction explains the background to the importance of using life insurance in the context of sharia financing, especially in minimizing credit risk and providing financial protection for customers. The literature review outlines theories related to sharia financing and the role of life insurance in risk management. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and direct observation. The research results show that the majority of BPRS Gebu Prima Medan customers who take advantage of mudharabah financing also take out life insurance protection. The profile of customers who tend to use life insurance are those who have a significant risk of death, such as micro and small entrepreneurs with large family responsibilities. However, there is still a small number of customers who have not utilized life insurance products, so further research is needed to understand the factors that influence customer decisions and strategies that can be implemented to increase the adoption of life insurance products among customers.

As an embodiment of e-government the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration of the Ministry of Home Affairs launched the e-Office system, this system was built to improve the quality of public services in terms of correspondence, communication between regions online or digitally, in its implementation there are various problems from the provider side Such services include long bureaucratic processes. The aim of this research is to analyze how Atandie e-Office is implemented at the Directorate General of Dukcapil, Ministry of Home Affairs. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach and data collection techniques through interviews and observation. This research uses indicators of e-government implementation according to Indrajit (2005:13). The results of this research show that content development has been carried out for e-Office development since 2021-2022 and there will still be final development in 2023, competency building training that has already been carried out, The connectivity of the infrastructure provided is sufficient as seen from the large server capacity provided, but we still have to add a backup server, cyber laws, the legal regulations underlying e-Office are quite strong with Minister of Home Affairs Regulation N0.7 of 2019 concerning Online Population Administration Services, citizen interfaces Staff procurement is carried out approximately once a year in two ways, capital in terms of the budget applied for the construction and development of e-Office is sufficient.

This study aims to determine the role of Civics Teachers in the Formation of  Students’ Nationalism Attitudes at SMA Negeri 1 Roledelu in class X IPS 1This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Roledelu in class X Social Studies Department in the second semester of the 2021/2022 academic year.The method used is a research method with a descritive quantitative approach.The results obtained indicate that the role of PPKn teachers is very important in increasing the nationalism attitudes of students at SMA Negeri 1 Roledelu, namely civics Teachers as mentors, Civics Teachers as bridges between generations, Civics Education teachers as a stimulus for creativity, and Civics Education teachers as authorities.

This study aims to determine the role of Civics Teachers in the Formation of  Students’ Nationalism Attitudes at SMA Negeri 1 Roledelu in class X IPS 1This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Roledelu in class X Social Studies Department in the second semester of the 2021/2022 academic year.The method used is a research method with a descritive quantitative approach.The results obtained indicate that the role of PPKn teachers is very important in increasing the nationalism attitudes of students at SMA Negeri 1 Roledelu, namely civics Teachers as mentors, Civics Teachers as bridges between generations, Civics Education teachers as a stimulus for creativity, and Civics Education teachers as authorities.

Phubbing behavior, which is the tendency to ignore those around us in favor of attention on social media, has become an increasing concern in the context of social interactions, especially among teenagers. This study aims to explore the impact of phubbing behavior on interpersonal communication among vocational school students. The research method used in this research is pre-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest research design. The population of this research is SMK in Rembang. The sample taken was 10 students using simple random sampling technique. To overcome this problem, this research proposes the application of group guidance using sociodrama techniques as an alternative intervention. The results of the analysis show that group guidance using sociodrama techniques has a positive influence in improving interpersonal communication between students. The implication of this research is the importance of appropriate interventions in dealing with phubbing behavior among adolescents to improve the quality of interpersonal relationships and their psychological well-being.    

This study aims to determine the implementation of special rights for women workers at PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk Solo Branch Office. The type of legal research used is empirical juridical legal research which is descriptive in nature using a statute approach. The type of legal material used is primary legal material and secondary legal material. The legal material collection technique used is indept interview (in-depth interview) and literature study while the legal material analysis technique used is the deduction method. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the fulfillment of special rights for female workers at PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk Solo Branch Office based on applicable laws and regulations has not been fully fulfilled. Menstrual leave has not been specifically regulated in the employment agreement between the Company and female workers. The conclusion was obtained from interviews with female workers at PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk Solo Branch Office.

Low back pain (LBP) is pain in the lower back, it is not a disease or diagnosis for a disease but is pain that is felt in the area under pressure, varying in the length of time the pain lasts. Management of lower back pain can be done using non-pharmacological methods, namely by applying warm ginger compresses (Zingiber Offcinale). To determine the relationship between the effect of warm ginger compress (Zingiber Officinale) on reducing the pain scale in low back pain patients at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. This research uses a quasi-experimental design using a pre and post test approach without control. The sampling technique was a total sampling of 16 respondents. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis using the ANOVA test. It is known that from the first to the sixth day the P value is obtained (first day: 0.007, second day: 0.000, third day: 0.001, fourth day: 0.000, fifth day: 0.001, sixth day: 0.020) < 0.05. There is an effect of warm ginger compress (Zingiber Officinale) on reducing the pain scale in low back pain patients at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. Nurses can consider pain management therapy, one of which is by providing warm ginger water compress therapy and for Low Back Pain sufferers, they can apply warm ginger water compresses to reduce the discomfort of back pain.    

The purpose of this study was to determine the authority of the village head in fostering community peace and order in the village and to determine and examine the inhibiting factors of the village head's authority in fostering community peace and order in Bodae village and Keliha village. This research uses an empirical juridical approach method, namely the methods and procedures used to solve problems, this research first examines secondary data, then proceeds to conduct research on primary data in the field. The results of the research The authority of the Village Head in fostering the peace and order of the village community has not been carried out effectively, this is because there are several things behind it, namely the theft cases that occur because the environmental security system is not implemented effectively, unguarded livestock such as oxen that enter the residents' garden yards to cause losses to the farming community, chicken gambling can disturb the order of the village community. The inhibiting factors of the authority of the village head are the low level of human resources, the ineffective implementation of the environmental security system, the lack of understanding of the community in understanding order in the village environment.  

The purpose of this study is the obstacles to law enforcement against perpetrators of criminal acts of theft of cultural heritage objects in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. This research is an empirical juridical research that examines a legal event that occurs through a statute cause approach. Data collection is carried out with two events, namely interviews and document studies. The data obtained is then presented descriptively qualitative. The results showed that the obstacles experienced by the community and law enforcement officials are: the absence of reports to the police and coordination with other stakeholders; the caretaker's mistake in understanding evidence; stakeholders who observe cultural heritage have not functioned optimally; and there is no PPNS cultural heritage in NTT. Prevention efforts taken in the form of prevention include: organizing cultural heritage promotion and counseling campaigns; providing training or technical guidance to all cultural heritage caretakers in NTT; the government supports the presence of the Cultural Preservation Agency (BPK); and collaborating with stakeholders. Law enforcement against criminal acts of theft of cultural heritage objects is still not optimal. Therefore, suggestions for the results of this study are the socialization of cultural heritage protection and cultural heritage laws comprehensively.  All stakeholders must be more adaptive and responsive. BPK needs to cooperate with local governments and related institutions to draft a special regulation or law governing the establishment of a special agency for the supervision of cultural heritage sites. Make a government regulation regarding the establishment of a special cultural heritage police.     

Coffee has become a beverage not only refreshing but also an energy drink that dominates the global beverage market with its unparalleled appeal. coffee opens up many positive opportunities in sports. Dope was first introduced in 1889. The ergogenic dose of caffeine is about 250-500 mg per day (three cups of coffee or six to eight soft drinks). Most athletes consume caffeine in pill form. Caffeine can be considered doping if it exceeds the set maximum limit. That is why a controlling body is needed to control this issue, thus WADA was born. WADA is an independent international agency that was established in 1999 to also control world anti-doping standards. This private sector was created after a historic event in the world. of sports when it was discovered that a cyclist had used doping at the 1998 Summer Olympics

With the presence of universities, both private and state, every year they contribute expert staff to their graduating students. However, having a bachelor's degree does not necessarily guarantee that you will get a suitable job, sometimes many graduates are not all absorbed into the workforce, causing unemployment. The aim of this independent entrepreneurship program is to help students create income according to the students' abilities and competencies so that they can be independent, develop and not always depend on government assistance by helping to increase the continuity of the business the students are involved in. involved. For example, mocktail zeger - Zeger is a product produced from this program, high quality with a variety of flavors and toppings. In its implementation method, this program includes market research, marketing strategy, and logo creation. The conclusion states that in this business there is a large market opportunity by continuing to innovate and paying attention to the long-term interests of consumers.

This research analyzes the types of dispute resolution that can be carried out due to acts of default committed by buyers in online buying and selling using the Cash On Delivery (COD) payment method in the Shopee marketplace. This research is normative legal research that is prescriptive and applied. The collection of legal materials is through library research, including primary and secondary legal materials. This research aims to find out and examine what dispute resolution can be carried out by sellers due to acts of default committed by buyers in online buying and selling using the COD payment method on the Shopee marketplace in terms of statutory regulations and Shopee's Terms of Service.

This article is to test the effectiveness of Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning Social Security Administering Bodies in PT Companies. LM and sanctions given to companies if they do not carry out the mandate of the Manpower Law. This research method uses an empirical method, namely a process that aims to interpret research data. The results of this research are that the implementation of Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning BPJS related to employment in furniture companies has not been effective. Sanctions imposed on companies that do not carry out the statutory mandate to provide their employees with social security are sanctions in the form of written warnings and fines. 

Education in Indonesia is currently experiencing a significant paradigm shift, with an increasing focus on developing student independence. This article aims to investigate good practices that support educational transformation towards independence at SMA Negeri 3 Medan. The research method used is a qualitative approach, through in-depth interviews with teaching staff, classroom observations, and analysis of school documents. The research results show that there are a number of good practices at SMA Negeri 3 Medan that support student independence. Among them are the implementation of project-based learning which encourages students to take initiative and collaborate in solving problems, the use of technology as a learning tool that expands access to information, as well as the development of diverse extracurricular programs to facilitate the development of students' skills and interests outside the academic curriculum.These findings highlight the commitment of SMA Negeri 3 Medan in creating a learning environment that supports student independence. The implication of these findings is the importance of adopting liberating educational practices in other schools to increase learning effectiveness and prepare students to face complex future challenges.

The research aims to determine the impact of PT. Bintan Karisma Pratama which is located on Telang Island, Mantang District, Bintan Regency in the Riau Islands Province, on community life in Telang Kecil village with economic and social aspects of community life and how this PT contributes to local or local communities after the compensation assistance provided by PT for the Telang Kecil community, this research uses qualitative methods, namely in the form of interview and observation techniques or field studies, as well as literature studies to support the results of this research. The impact of PT Bintan Karisma Pratama on the environment of the people of Telang Kecil does not have a serious impact because the PT has first assessed the location area where it wants to be established and has followed the rules of the decision-making process regarding business and activity organizers or what is known as AMDAL, the marine environment of Telang Kecil is also categorized. Clean, local people are able to take good care of the marine environment. The majority of their livelihoods are fishermen and others work as workers at Pt  Bintan Karisma Pratama, wives work as housewives and there are also those who work as small traders or small food and beverage businesses.