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Mantras are spelled out as part of the cultural values of a community. In the mantra text there are various concepts of the value of spirituality and religiosity. Mantras are also part of the means of asking for help and wishes in order to be granted by God. One of the mantras discussed in this study is the “Asihan Jaran Goyang” spell. This mantra aims to overcome the soul and soul of others to love and like the person who practices the mantra. In this study, “Asihan Jaran Goyang” was positioned into a text that was discussed based on the meaning, function and context of the narrative. The method used in this study is descriptive-qualitative by placing text analysis as the object of study. In addition, it also analyzes the context of mantra narration related to the practice that is a condition for obtaining power from the spell. The results showed that the structure of the “Asihan Jaran Goyang” mantra from the use of language, majas, and themes with isotopy analysis is related to the form of belief in God. Meanwhile, the function, context of narration and creation process describe the process of chanting mantras and practices that must be fulfilled by the mantra reciter, while functions indicate the functional usefulness of mantras by mantra reciters.    

This research discusses the role of information technology in implementing the Islamic Education curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Sangata Utara. In researchusing qualitative methods,this method uses the results of uinterviews and direct observation questions and answers with informants,principals and PAI teachers to find out the role of information technology in implementing the PAI curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Sangata Utara secondly,what are the information technologies in implementing the curriculum is a student learning design in information technology learning,the use of learning resources such as educational videos,interactive simulations and other online resources to enrich the learning experience with a deep understanding of Islamic concepts. Information technology in implementation at SMAN 1 Sangata Utara has applied learning using technology, for example the technology used is the use of PowerPoint and the use of the Canva application. The role of information technology in implementing the Pai program includes information technology as a tool to support the implementation of Islamic religious education.

This research explores the representation of fear in the context of leaving Batak culture as depicted in the film "Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap". Through a content analysis approach, this study investigates how the fear associated with leaving cultural identity is reflected in the narrative, visuals, and characters in the film. Qualitative methods are used to analyze various film elements, including dialogue, plot, setting, and cultural symbolism. The findings indicate that the film portrays the complexity of fear experienced by individuals confronted with the conflict between tradition and modernity. These representations provide insights into the cultural dynamics within Batak society and their implications for individual identity. The study contributes to understanding how fear is associated with cultural change and how it is reflected using Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis framework. The goal of this study is to use Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis method to uncover the moral lessons that are subtly conveyed in films.  The study uses qualitative descriptive methodologies and centers on specific cinema moments.  While connotation is investigated to uncover the hidden meaning behind these indicators, denotation is used to identify signs as they seem on the surface.  Myth analysis is another method used in this research to find concepts that are implied by the movie's plot.  Through the use of Roland Barthes' semiotic approach, the study unveils "Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap"'s intricate and multilayered narrative structure. The research findings offer profound insights into the ways in which the film uses verbal and visual cues to convey moral lessons to its audience.  This study enhances our knowledge of semiotic analysis in the context of film by shedding light on symbolic representations and hidden messages in audiovisual art.

This research aims to provide an explanation related to the basic concepts in the development of cost behavior, which is viewed from theoretical and practical cost behavior. The aim of writing this article is to provide a comprehensive picture of cost behavior towards fixed costs. It is hoped that the results of this research can be used by management in estimating more accurate production costs. For academics, this paper is useful for increasing insight and bringing theoretical concepts closer to a practical level. This research reviews the nature of cost behavior by examining the relationship between total costs and changes in cost drivers, which exist in manufacturing companies. Based on the discussion in this research, basically the nature of cost behavior can be grouped into two, namely fixed and variable. Fixed costs have the characteristic that the total costs remain the same, even though the cost drivers change. Meanwhile, variable costs are characterized by total costs that change proportionally to changes in the cost driver.  

This research aims to determine how to produce an Android-based character calculator application on the ability to understand concepts in arithmetic sequences and series material for high school students that reaches the level of validity, practicality and. The method used in this research is the Research & Development method with the Borg and Gall model research design which consists of 7 stages, namely potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, and product revision. The subjects in this research were 31 students in class XI Science at SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak. This research uses indirect communication techniques and measurements with data collection tools in the form of validation sheets, questionnaires and test questions. The first research result, namely the validity, obtained from the material and media expert validation value of 89.77% with very valid criteria, the second, namely the practicality obtained from teacher and student questionnaires with a percentage of 96.64% with very valid criteria, while the practicality value was obtained from The posttest score is 83.87% of the KKM score of 76 so it is included in the very effective category. Thus, it can be concluded that the Android-based character calculator application media for the ability to understand concepts in arithmetic sequences and series material for high school students is classified as effective to use.  

This research discusses educational psychology which has a significant contribution in increasing the effectiveness of Arabic language learning. By understanding the learning and teaching process as well as individual student needs. This research uses a literature review method (library research), where the discussion in this research is based on expert opinions and the results of previous research on psychology and the learning process. The results show that educational psychology is very important in learning Arabic, as in learning other languages. The following are several reasons why educational psychology is important in this context, including (1) Understanding the Learning Process, (2) Student Motivation and Engagement, (3) Effective Classroom Management, (4) Assessment and Feedback, and (5) Needs Special for Students. By utilizing these educational psychology concepts, Arabic teachers can create a supportive, motivating, and effective learning environment for all their students.    

The learning process of students can be assessed through evaluation methods. The purpose of this evaluation is to assess learning outcomes as well as to evaluate the learning process. The concept of learning evaluation involves the control, assurance, and establishment of learning quality for all components at various levels and pathways of education, which is the responsibility of educational management. Assessment is the process of using various methods and tools to collect information about specific learning outcomes. Measurement, in English, refers to an action taken to adjust something. The basic way of measuring is by comparing something to a certain standard. Educators provide a series of tasks or questions to students to gauge their understanding and reach an agreement between students and teachers regarding the taught material, in line with current learning objectives, commonly referred to as tests. Therefore, it can be concluded from the table that tests are a benchmark for success in delivering education through educational assessment.

The purpose of this study is to understand the extent to which fasting material is taught in class VIII junior high school. This research uses the literature study method, in which data is collected from the fiqh teacher's book and student book in the class. The data obtained were then analysed and presented. The results showed that the material on fasting in the fiqh textbooks of grade VIII students was still lacking in depth and breadth. Therefore, it is expected that teachers can enrich the material taught by considering facts, concepts, principles, and procedures that must be clear, functional, valuable, and easy to understand. This step is taken to ensure that students not only know the development of science and technology but can also balance it with the religious knowledge they learn. It is hoped that the research activities that include the revision and development of fiqh subject matter will yield positive results. The new fiqh materials are expected to be more weighty, effective, and easier to understand by both teachers and students.

MSME traders in Mungkung Village consist of various businesses such as culinary, fashion, agribusiness and automotive. However, many of them do not understand technological advances, which hinder the economic development of local MSMEs. Some MSMEs do not have a logo or brand and only rely on local consumers. Life in Mungkung Village is still very traditional, Group 01 KKNT MBKM is aware of this backwardness and is trying to change it. Therefore, researchers intend to advance Mungkung village so that the village community is technologically literate. This research will focus on digitizing the marketing potential of Mungkung Village MSMEs through digital maps to increase their presence and accessibility. The author uses descriptive qualitative research methods with the concepts of digitalization and marketing. This concept is relevant to what the author is researching. The result of this research is that the author succeeded in increasing the potential of MSMEs in Mungkung village by creating a digital map of MSMEs which can be accessed via an online platform.  This program also supports SDGs goal point 8, which relates to decent work and economic growth, by empowering MSMEs.

Fine motor skills are movements carried out by the fingers with a central nervous cell arrangement that regulates the use of small muscle groups such as the fingers and hands, and often require precision and coordination with the hands. One type of game that can optimize children's fine motor development is puzzle games. Puzzles are a type of game that improves thinking skills, makes it easier to remember and understand concepts, and increases creativity. Puzzle games are simple games that are played in pairs and require precision because children are trained to focus their minds so they can concentrate. The aim of this activity is to improve fine motor development in children through puzzle play therapy. It was found that respondents were very enthusiastic about carrying out play therapy. The conclusion from this activity is that fine motor development in children can be trained using puzzle play therapy.

Motorbikes produce exhaust gases that are dangerous for humans over the long term. Motorcycle exhaust gas is produced from incomplete combustion in the combustion chamber. The aim of this research is to anticipate the effects of exhaust gas produced by varying the thermal conductivity of the spark plug electrode and adding a percentage of octane booster to the fuel. This research uses quantitative concepts with experimental methods. Process the data using Microsoft Excel. This research was carried out at idle engine speed. The results show that emissions of CO have decreased significantly. The lowest CO emissions were obtained from a silver spark plug alloy and a 6% octane booster mixture, with a value of 2.09%. HC shows that the exhaust gas emission value has decreased very significantly. The results of HC exhaust gas emissions decreased by 671.66 ppm from the highest, 1121.33 ppm with a standard spark plug alloy and 0% octane booster mixture, to 449.67 ppm with a silver spark plug alloy and 7% octane booster mixture. Meanwhile, CO₂ exhaust emissions have increased. The highest value of CO₂ exhaust emissions are 3.77% with a mixture of silver spark plugs and a mixture of 7% octane booster.

An arbitrary system of sound symbols that its members use to cooperate, communicate, and identify themselves is language. Language allows humans to express thoughts, concepts, ideas, and desires by communicating opinions and information. Language in daily life began to change and was replaced by the use of adolescent language known as slang. Slang continues to become more common due to advanced developments and easy access to different types of information. Therefore, this research was carried out through literature research to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the development of the Indonesian language. These data were analyzed using qualitative techniques. The national language of Indonesia was established in 1928 and reclassified as a national language in 1945. Indonesian is a cultural product, a tool for social efforts, and a language of communication. Indonesian is used in a variety of life situations. Indonesian is a national language that unites people from various social, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds. The role of the Indonesian language is the last communication tool that prioritizes national interests over the interests of regions, tribes, and groups. and communicate meaning effectively to the interlocutor. The good and correct use of Indonesian is based on general guidelines to improve Indonesian spelling. The development of the Indonesian language is very important for the future of society because it helps people understand concepts, opinions and feelings and plays a role as the national language of communication and information exchange.

This research aims examine the concepts of knowledge and piety in the Al-Qur'an and their implementation in education, with a focus on Surah Ali Imran verse 18. The method used is literature study. The research results show that knowledge and piety have a close relationship and complement each other in forming a person with integrity. The integration of science and pious values ​​in the educational curriculum can be done through subject matter that reflects the concepts of monotheism, justice and respect for knowledge. Programs and activities that support the development of students' character and spirituality include taushiah, 3S empowerment (Smile, Greet, Greetings), reading short letters, and prayer before studying. Implementation of the values ​​of Surah Ali Imran verse 18 in daily life includes practicing monotheism, pursuing knowledge throughout life, upholding justice, and being a good example. This research concludes that the integration of knowledge and piety in education is very important forming a generation that is intellectually intelligent and has strong character and spirituality.

Kindergarten aged children are unique individuals and have special characteristics, both in terms of cognitive, social, emotional, language, physical and motor skills, and are experiencing a very rapid development process. Dance learning is an aesthetic experience for children that can foster creativity and help children's physical and spiritual development. Dance learning for kindergarten age children can be done through one of the elements in dance itself, one of which is the element of time. In the element of time there are elements of tempo, rhythm, accent and duration which can be used to develop children's basic abilities. In its implementation, it is hoped that children can be given active learning to develop aspects of abilities that are appropriate to the child's development. The role of the teacher as a facilitator and motivator in its implementation is very important. Teachers can apply concepts through demonstration methods and direct practice in an interesting and fun learning atmosphere.

Ethnomathematics contributes greatly to the improvement of mathematics learning, because it relates to students' experiences in everyday life that touches the realm of local cultural arts so that students become more understanding of the mathematical concepts explained. This study aims to explore the concept of mathematics in the traditional game of congklak in Srengseng Sawah Village. This research is a qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The data collection techniques used are observation, interview and documentation. The instruments in this study were researchers, observation guidelines, interview guidelines and documentation. Based on the research analysis and discussion of the history and philosophy of the traditional game of congklak, mathematical concepts in the game of congklak such as the concept of flat shapes, namely semicircles, circles, rectangles and spatial shapes, namely half a ball; the concept of transformation in this case reflection / mirroring; the concept of arithmetic calculation operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The game also has cultural and philosophical values.

This research is motivated by the use of YouTube audio-visual media in improving the ability to write news for Indonesian language learning. Factor This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using YouTube audio-visual media in improving students' ability to write news and find out the challenges and obstacles in using YouTube audio-visual media. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive approach to collect data and information through the library study method. The results of this study show that the use of YouTube audio-visual media in learning Indonesian has great potential to improve students' news writing skills. The effectiveness of using YouTube as a learning tool can be seen from various aspects, including student involvement, increased understanding of concepts, and practical skills in writing news.

For a long time, Word of Mouth (EWOM) has been considered the main source of information that influences consumer decisions. In the era of globalization, EWOM has developed into a broader, albeit more personal, form, known as electronic word of mouth (EWOM). Advances in electronic systems and the emergence of social media platforms, for example Instagram, open up new and promising potential for the evolution of EWOM as an integral part of business advertising/business promotion strategies. When EWOM regarding a product receives a positive response, the impact has a direct impact on the brand image or good brand image. One of the related concepts in the formation of EWOM and brand image on Instagram today is the role of influencers. The aim of this research is to understand the role of social media influencers in shaping positive EWOM and how this impacts improving brand image. Qualitative methods were applied in this research by collecting data through journals, books and articles. The findings from this research show that influencers who have a high level of trust have a very influential role in forming EWOM which provides positive EWOM reviews regarding the products being marketed. This positive opinion from EWOM directly increases the positive value of the brand image in society, which shows that the success of influencers can help audiences understand information about products and increase their desire to make purchases.

This research aims to explore and analyze the role of diversity and equality in modern organizations. The research method used is a qualitative approach, by conducting case studies of several different organizations in the private sector. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with senior managers, employees, and through analysis of internal company documents. The results show that diversity in terms of background, gender, and expertise can contribute significantly to innovation and creativity within organizations. Meanwhile, the implementation of equality in organizational policies and practices has a positive impact on employee satisfaction, loyalty, and work productivity. Analysis using VOSviewer showed that key concepts that emerged included inclusiveness, fairness, collaboration and respect for individual uniqueness. Nonetheless, challenges related to conflict management, organizational culture adaptation, and managing change remain a key focus in the implementation of diversity and equality in various organizational contexts. The findings provide a deeper understanding of how organizations can leverage diversity and equality as strategic resources to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable growth in an increasingly complex global marketplace.

  A Christian leader is someone whom God has called as a leader. Christian leaders should be people who are called by God and have qualifications that continue to grow in personality and Christ-like character. Christian leadership is a form of leadership that is based on Christian values and teachings, such as love, humility, service, integrity, and justice. In this context, Christian leadership not only aims to achieve organizational or community goals, but also to bring positive impact in the lives of individuals and society through a compassionate and ethical approach. The success of a leadership is due to the cooperation between the leading and the led generations. As a leader, one must know which principles to follow and uphold them in their leadership. A Christian leader should embrace the leadership principles of the successful leaders recorded in the Bible. Here are the principles of Christian leadership today. Secular comes from the Latin word saeculum, which means space and time. Space refers to the worldly sense, while time refers to the present age. Secular life principles are views or values that are not associated with a particular religion or religious belief. These principles often include concepts such as freedom of thought, tolerance, equality and the separation of religion from public affairs. Secular life emphasizes the importance of rationality, science, and individual freedom of decision without religious interference. Secularism is broadly speaking an ideology that states that a state institution or body should stand apart from religion or belief. Secularism also refers to the notion that human activities and determinations, especially political ones, should be based on what is considered to be concrete evidence and facts, and not on religious influences. In political terms, secularism is the movement towards the separation of religion and government, one example being the replacement of religious law with civil law. This is said to promote democracy by protecting the rights of religious minorities.  

Pancasila and citizenship education teachers play an important role in shaping students' national defense attitudes. Through a holistic and integrated learning approach, teachers are able to introduce the values ​​of Pancasila and citizenship as a whole. By teaching concepts such as mutual cooperation, justice, and diversity, teachers help students understand the importance of serving their country and society. In addition, through discussions, simulations and collaborative projects, teachers provide opportunities for students to internalize these values ​​in everyday life. Thus, Pancasila and citizenship education teachers play a role as the main pillar in forming the young generation who have a strong and responsible attitude of defending the country. The aim of this research is to provide awareness to Pancasila and citizenship education teachers to always form the young generation or students who have a high level of state defense attitude and can make students aware of the importance of a state defense attitude towards the country which is carried out by the role of Pancasila and citizenship education teachers. This research uses the Library Research method regarding the role of Pancasila and citizenship education teachers in forming an attitude of defending the country in students.