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The application of a uniform pattern in center-periphery relations is frequently entrapped in a rigidity of uniformity that neglects the sociological and historical complexities of Indonesian society. This study aims to analyze the juridical construction of asymmetric decentralization within the framework of the Pancasila Rule of Law, as well as its implications for the management of diversity and national integration. Employing a normative legal research method with conceptual and statutory approaches, this study reveals that asymmetric decentralization is not merely an administrative deviation, but rather an imperative manifestation of substantive justice and the politics of recognition towards regional particularities. Although this policy has been effective in mitigating disintegration potential in special regions such as Aceh and Papua, its implementation leaves residual issues regarding sharp disparities in authority, potential legal fragmentation, and inter-regional jealousy. This study concludes that the sustainability of special autonomy necessitates a governance reconstruction that is not solely oriented towards temporary political accommodation, but must be coherently integrated with Pancasila values. The theoretical implications of this study underscore the necessity for harmonization between national legal supremacy and the flexibility of regional autonomy to foster sustainable social cohesion within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.

Hypertension is a condition where arterial blood pressure is persistently above normal values. Hypertension management does not only rely on pharmacological therapy, but also requires a non-pharmacological approach as a complementary effort. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be used is Benson relaxation therapy and murottal Surah Al-Kahfi. Both therapies are believed to contribute to lowering blood pressure through the mechanism of reducing stress responses, increasing physiological relaxation, and achieving psychological calm. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the combination of Benson relaxation therapy and murottal Surah Al-Kahfi in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The study design used a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest approach and a control group. The study population was 40 people who participated in the prolanis program in Kedungdowo Village. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a sample of 36 respondents was taken, divided into two groups: 18 people in the intervention group who received a combination of Benson relaxation therapy and murottal, and 18 people in the control group who were not given any intervention. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test results in the intervention group showed an effect of Benson relaxation therapy and recitation of Surah Al-Kahf in the elderly (p-value 0.004). The control group showed a p-value of 0.102. The Mann-Whitney test results showed a p-value of 0.044, indicating a difference in post-test blood pressure in those with hypertension in the control and intervention groups.

Patient safety is often viewed exclusively as the responsibility of clinical personnel. However, administrative errors occurring during the admission process and documentation stages constitute major contributors to medical risk. This study aims to explore the strategic role of administrative staff in strengthening patient safety culture and mitigating medical risks through effective communication coordination. A narrative literature review was conducted extensively using the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, covering publications from 2014 to 2024. Data were analyzed using a thematic synthesis approach. The findings identify four main themes: administrative staff as information gatekeepers, the role of health information technologies (HIS/EMR) in bridging communication gaps, collaboration barriers arising from hierarchical structures, and the need for an Interprofessional Shared Governance framework. Administrative accuracy in the early phases of care is proven to be critical in preventing latent errors with potentially fatal consequences. Strengthening patient safety culture requires the integration of administrative staff through cross-departmental training, standardized communication protocols, and non-punitive incident reporting systems. Administrative staff are not merely bureaucratic support personnel but are key actors within the modern hospital patient safety ecosystem.

The flood disaster that hit Medan City caused a multidimensional impact on the community, especially the psychological impact experienced by the victims. In addition to material losses, flood victims often face emotional distress in the form of anxiety, stress, trauma, and a sense of loss. This study aims to examine the role and effectiveness of individual counseling in dealing with the psychological problems of post-flood victims. The research method uses a qualitative approach with case studies through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of victims who receive individual counseling services. The results show that individual counseling plays an important role in helping victims understand their emotional state, manage stress, and rebuild hope and resilience after disasters. Individualized counseling also provides a safe space for victims to express their feelings, gain support, and develop adaptive strategies in dealing with trauma. These findings confirm that psychological interventions based on individual counseling can be one of the effective approaches in disaster victim recovery, especially floods, so that it can strengthen psychosocial aspects and improve the quality of life after disasters. Thus, this research contributes to the development of more responsive and sustainable counseling services in the context of disaster management in Indonesia.

This study aims to formulate development strategies for a billiard business in Kota Uneng, Sikka Regency, using the SWOT analysis approach. The activity was carried out through field observations, interviews with the business owner, SWOT training sessions, and guided preparation of the strategic matrix. The analysis indicates several strengths, including a strategic location, adequate facilities, and affordable service prices. However, weaknesses were also identified, such as limited capital, insufficient promotional activities, and suboptimal operational management. Opportunities arise from the growing interest in recreational activities and the potential for collaboration with local community groups. Meanwhile, threats include competition from similar businesses and shifts in entertainment preferences. Based on these findings, SO, WO, ST, and WT strategies were formulated to be implemented gradually to enhance competitiveness and ensure business sustainability. These strategies provide a practical guide for improving service quality and strengthening the market position of the billiard enterprise.

Acute pain is a complex phenomenon frequently experienced by post-surgical patients. If not properly managed, it can hinder the recovery process and increase the risk of chronic complications. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the concept of acute pain in surgical patients from a nursing perspective to improve the quality of care. The method used was a narrative literature review, analyzing various research articles and clinical protocols related to surgical pain management. The study findings indicate that acute post-surgical pain involves sensory and emotional dimensions influenced by the type of surgical procedure, individual pain threshold, and the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, the role of nurses in conducting accurate pain assessments and patient education is a key factor in successful pain management. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of implementing integrated multimodality pain management protocols and improving nurses' competency in conducting intensive monitoring. Optimizing pain management is expected to accelerate patient mobilization, shorten hospital stays, and increase patient satisfaction with nursing services.

Islamic Education Management is a process of utilizing every facility owned by Islamic educational institutions, so that the quality of Islamic educational institutions needs to be continuously improved in accordance with the development of the times. This study aims to describe and analyze factors related to leadership management and improving the quality of Islamic education. The research method used is a literature study, namely conducting a review process on books, existing theories to be connected with the topic of leadership and quality of education, especially Islamic Education. The results of this study indicate that leadership and improving the quality of Islamic education as mandated by the national education goals require management that requires full support from various parties ranging from the government, school students, parents and the community. An improvement in the quality of education requires strengthening in several components, namely effective leadership, customer satisfaction, organizational culture, performance of educators and education personnel, curriculum and quality of graduates.

The goal of this community service (PkM) program is to provide Emotion Management training to the PKK mothers to enhance their understanding of the importance of self-compassion related to emotions, in order to support physical and mental health. The training includes relaxation techniques, effective communication, and problem-solving that help individuals manage their emotions in daily interactions. Relaxation techniques are used to improve subjective well-being and promote a healthy lifestyle that benefits both themselves and their environment. Most of the PKK mothers in RT.02/RW.05 of Kelurahan Gemah are housewives who face pressures from family and social environments. Emotional management is crucial to prevent negative impacts on mental health, which can affect both the family and the community. Therefore, the PkM team from the Faculty of Psychology conducts training to help the mothers manage their emotions. The training activities include lectures, storytelling, games, and discussions. As a result, there was a 40% improvement in their understanding of emotion management. Through this training, it is hoped that the mothers will find it easier to control their emotions, focus, and better understand themselves and their environment, thus enabling them to overcome challenges in their daily lives.  

The management of borrowing and returning goods in government institutions is still largely carried out manually, which often gives rise to various problems, such as difficulties in tracking borrowing histories, the high risk of recording errors, and the lack of transparency regarding the availability of goods. This condition indicates the need for support from an information system that is capable of assisting the recording process and inventory management in a more structured, systematic, and easily monitored manner. This research aims to design a prototype of a goods borrowing and returning application as an initial solution to these problems as well as a preliminary representation of a system that can be further developed by the institution. The research method used is a Research and Development (R&D) approach with a prototype Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model, which allows system development to be carried out gradually and flexibly in accordance with user needs. Data collection was conducted through observation and interviews to obtain an overview of the ongoing work processes and to identify the required system needs. The collected data were then analyzed as the basis for designing the system workflow, data structure, and user interface design. The results of this research are in the form of an application prototype that represents the main system features, including goods borrowing, goods returning, availability checking, goods data management, and report generation.

Academic stress has become a significant psychological issue among university students, particularly during periods of high academic pressure such as examinations, intensive coursework, and academic performance demands. Excessive academic stress may negatively affect students’ psychological well-being, learning motivation, and academic performance. This study aims to explore in depth the experiences of academic stress and psychological responses among students during periods of high academic pressure. A qualitative descriptive approach with a phenomenological perspective was employed to capture students’ lived experiences. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with six student participants selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, involving open, axial, and selective coding to identify emerging themes. The findings reveal that the main sources of academic stress include excessive academic workload, time management difficulties, high self-expectations, and external academic pressures. Students experienced varying levels of stress ranging from mild to severe, manifested through psychological responses such as anxiety, emotional instability, mental fatigue, decreased concentration, and reduced motivation. The study also found that students applied diverse coping strategies, including adaptive strategies such as time management, seeking social support, and self-reflection, as well as maladaptive strategies such as procrastination and emotional withdrawal. These findings highlight that academic stress is a complex and subjective experience influenced by individual perceptions and coping capacities. The study implies the importance of supportive academic environments and accessible mental health services in higher education institutions to promote students’ psychological well-being and resilience. The results may serve as a reference for developing preventive and promotive mental health programs for students facing academic stress..    

The challenges faced by MSMEs in Indonesia, especially in Surabaya, often revolve around business management, finance, and taxation. One potential solution is the integration of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) with financial and tax strategies, which can help MSMEs streamline their operations. The Business Model Canvas (BMC) training program is designed to assist MSMEs in reorganizing their business models and implementing new strategies that address key operational challenges. This program also incorporates financial and tax considerations, helping MSMEs manage their finances more effectively and comply with tax regulations. With this approach, MSMEs are expected to improve their operational efficiency, enhance tax compliance, and strengthen their competitive edge in the market. The method involves direct engagement with MSMEs through hands-on workshops and personalized mentoring sessions. This initiative is set to take place in May 2025, offering MSMEs valuable tools to enhance their business practices, optimize financial management, and foster long-term growth and success in the market.

This study examines the utilization of social media in improving the competitiveness of cassava chips and lidah manis SMEs in Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. The rapid development of information technology has encouraged SMEs to shift from conventional marketing methods to more effective and efficient digital marketing practices. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving SME actors. The results indicate that the use of social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram is able to expand market reach, increase product visibility, and strengthen relationships between business owners and consumers. Attractive promotional content, consistency in posting, and responsive communication are proven to influence consumer buying interest and trust. However, SMEs still face challenges, including limited digital literacy, time management constraints, and the lack of structured marketing strategies. Therefore, continuous training and assistance are needed so that SMEs can optimize the use of social media more effectively. This study is expected to serve as a reference for the development of digital-based SMEs in rural areas.

This manuscript does not aim to resolve ideological, historical, or religious claims over territory. Instead, it examines how contemporary forms of power shape protracted conflict through governance mechanisms that regulate land, labor, and resources. Drawing on conflict transformation theory, political economy, and critical governance studies, the article argues that dominant peace frameworks—centered on territorial partition, security coordination, or economic cooperation—are structurally limited because they leave asymmetric governance arrangements intact. These arrangements enable control without political integration, allowing domination to persist even in the absence of formal annexation. By reframing territorial maximalism as a governance project rather than a purely ideological aspiration, the study demonstrates how expansionist ambitions are operationalized through regulatory authority over space, mobility, and economic life. The case illustration of Jericho shows how localized stability and development initiatives can coexist with deep structural dependency when governance authority is not shared. Economic activity and administrative capacity, often interpreted as indicators of progress, may instead stabilize unequal power relations. To address these limitations, the article advances the concept of cooperative territorial governance as a pathway for conflict transformation independent of final-status agreements. By institutionalizing shared authority over labor regulation, land use, and resource management, this framework challenges governance-based domination and offers a pragmatic foundation for transforming the structural conditions sustaining modern territorial conflicts.

Long-term treatment adherence is critical for schizophrenia patients, yet non-adherence remains a significant global challenge, contributing to relapse, re-hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs. Understanding the underlying multidimensional factors is crucial for developing effective interventions. This systematic literature review aims to identify and categorize the dominant factors contributing to medication non-adherence among schizophrenia patients, based on current quantitative evidence (2019-2024). A systematic search of Google Scholar and PubMed targeted quantitative cross-sectional studies using the PICOST framework. Article selection followed PRISMA guidelines, and quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Seven articles were included in the final narrative synthesis. The synthesis confirms that non-adherence is multifactorial. Identified factors were categorized into three groups: (1) Patient-related factors (e.g., poor illness insight, feeling cured, treatment fatigue); (2) Treatment-related factors (e.g., medication side effects, therapy duration); and (3) System and social factors (e.g., low family support, stigma, poor therapeutic alliance). Non-adherence is a complex issue arising from the interplay of patient, treatment, and social factors. Low family support and poor patient knowledge consistently emerge as key determinants. Interventions require a holistic approach extending beyond pharmacotherapy, focusing on comprehensive psychosocial education for patients and families, active side-effect management, and strengthening the family's role in care.

The body may experience insulin resistance or an insufficient production of the hormone, blood sugar levels rise continuously, leading to a chronic metabolic condition called Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Among non-pharmacological approaches proven effective in managing hyperglycemia, physical exercise particularly the Prolanis workout program has shown notable benefits. This study assesses how joining the Prolanis Exercise Program influences blood glucose reduction in Type 2 Diabetes patients at Kuta Baro Health Center, Aceh Besar. This research utilized a quasi-experimental method applying a one-group pretest–posttest framework. Participants, numbering 25 individuals, were selected through an accidental sampling process.. Throughout a four-week implementation of the Prolanis Exercise Program, measurements of blood glucose levels were taken both prior to and subsequent to the program. The findings revealed a notable decline in mean blood sugar levels, decreasing from 158.84 mg/dL before the intervention to 121.92 mg/dL afterward. Based on the Paired Samples t-Test (p < 0.05), the Prolanis Exercise intervention was found to have a significant effect in lowering blood glucose levels. This finding demonstrates that regular participation in Prolanis Exercise serves as an effective non-pharmacological approach for controlling Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Community Health Centers are advised to consistently continue developing and facilitating routine Prolanis Exercise activities, in addition to providing ongoing education on healthy lifestyles to patients. Patients are expected to actively engage in this program as part of their diabetes self-management.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammation, and neoangiogenesis, largely driven by dominant T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) immune responses. Psoriasis is associated with metabolic, psychological, cardiovascular, and arthritic comorbidities. Vitamin D plays an important role in the management of psoriasis. Calcitriol (1,25(OH)₂D₃), regulates keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Vitamin D supports the formation of the cornified envelope as well as epidermal lipid and ceramide production, also acts synergistically with the epidermal calcium gradient to maintain barrier function. In addition to its epidermal effects, vitamin D exerts immunomodulatory actions by enhancing regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)), while suppressing Th1/Th17 activity and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)). These mechanisms highlight its potential role in psoriasis therapy. Topical vitamin D₃ analogues are effective for mild to moderate disease due to the high expression of vitamin D receptors in psoriatic keratinocytes. Oral supplementation has also been explored for its systemic immunomodulatory effects, although findings remain inconsistent.  

The development of digital technology has driven the transformation of financial services, including in Islamic microfinance institutions. One form of innovation is the implementation of mobile banking services, which aims to improve transaction efficiency and digital financial literacy among the public. This study aims to analyze customer perceptions of the Mobile UGT service program at BMT UGT Nusantara Labang Branch and its role in improving digital financial literacy among the public. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of five active customers who have used the Mobile UGT service. The results show that customers generally have a positive perception of the Mobile UGT service. The application is considered easy to use, practical, and able to facilitate various financial transactions such as checking balances, transferring funds, and making payments, without having to come directly to the BMT office. In addition to increasing transaction efficiency, the use of Mobile UGT also contributes to improving customers' digital financial literacy, as reflected in their increased understanding of income and expenditure management, budget planning, utilization of digital transaction features, and awareness of data and account security. However, this study also found several obstacles, mainly related to technical disruptions to the application and internet network limitations. Overall, the Mobile UGT service plays an important role in supporting customers' financial independence and digital financial inclusion. This study recommends strengthening technological infrastructure and continuing education programs to optimize the benefits of digital financial services in the BMT environment.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of waste management in preventing fires at the Alak Landfill (TPA) in Kupang City using a qualitative case study approach. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving officials from the Environmental and Sanitation Office, landfill workers, waste pickers, and surrounding communities. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of waste management remains low. In terms of input, financial resources, infrastructure, and human resources are insufficient to support optimal operations. During the process stage, waste collection and transportation are hindered by low public compliance, limited vehicles, and minimal waste segregation. Final waste processing still relies on the open dumping method, which increases waste accumulation, methane generation, and fire risks. In terms of output, various mitigation efforts have not successfully reduced the recurring fire incidents due to limited facilities, inadequate compaction, and the absence of gas monitoring systems. The results highlight the need for increased budget allocation, improved facilities, enhanced human resource capacity, and the implementation of safer and more sustainable waste management methods to reduce fire risks at the Alak Landfill.

Formal organizational structures are crucial for ensuring the effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability of work processes within an institution. However, many organizations still face challenges such as overlapping tasks, ineffective communication, and inadequate control mechanisms. This study aims to analyze formal organizational structure design strategies through systematic steps, implementation mechanisms, and ongoing evaluation. The research method used is a literature review, based on a review of the latest scientific sources (books, journals, and research reports) related to organizational theory and structural design. The results indicate that organizational structure design should begin with defining objectives, analyzing activities, departmentalizing, establishing hierarchical relationships, coordinating mechanisms, and evaluating. Implementation mechanisms include socialization, human resource capacity development, process integration with technology, monitoring, and change management. The literature review also confirms that alignment between strategy, structure, and business processes is a key factor in improving organizational performance. Therefore, organizational structures must be adaptive, responsive, and data-driven to face the challenges of an ever-evolving strategic environment.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability among the elderly population. This degenerative joint disease is characterized by progressive damage to the articular cartilage and structural alterations of the knee joint, resulting in pain, reduced mobility, and diminished quality of life. This Community Service Program (PKM) aimed to promote early detection of knee OA through simple radiological screening as a preventive strategy to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disability. The activity was conducted at Asisi Church, South Jakarta, involving 87 participants aged 54–87 years (mean 70.77 ± 7.32 years). Radiological examination was performed using standard anteroposterior knee X-rays, and results were classified according to the Kellgren–Lawrence grading system. Findings revealed that 98.9% of participants exhibited radiological signs of OA, predominantly grade II (60.9%), followed by grade III (21.8%), grade I (11.5%), and grade IV (4.6%), while only 1.1% showed normal results. Female participants (74.7%) predominated across all OA grades, indicating hormonal and biomechanical influences on disease progression. The mean age increased with OA severity, supporting the degenerative theory that aging leads to decreased chondrocyte function and cartilage elasticity. In addition to screening, participants received education on weight management, muscle strengthening exercises, and injury prevention. The results demonstrate that simple radiological screening is an effective, practical, and cost-efficient community-based approach for early detection of knee OA. Integrating such preventive strategies within primary care systems could significantly reduce the burden of disability among the elderly population.