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This study aims to analyze the effect of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach on the mathematical problem-solving abilities of elementary school students. RME is a learning approach that connects mathematical concepts with real situations that students can find in everyday life. The research method used is qualitative research by reviewing the results of previous studies that are relevant in the context of mathematics learning in elementary schools. Based on the analysis of various studies, the results of the study indicate that the application of RME can improve students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. This is evident in various materials such as geometry (circumference and area of ​​trapezoids and kites), mixed arithmetic operations, and equivalent fractions. RME also plays a role in increasing students' self-esteem and self-efficacy in learning mathematics, which in turn strengthens their motivation and performance. In addition, the learning media used in RME, such as geoboards, can enrich students' learning experiences and facilitate understanding of mathematical concepts in a more concrete way. This study provides an overview that RME not only improves students' cognitive abilities, but also supports their emotional and social development in the context of mathematics learning.

Learning mathematics in the technological era presents new challenges. The learning process has undergone a transformation towards digitalization. One form of innovation is the utilization of technological media such as Google Sites to assist students in learning mathematics. This research discusses the transformation of developing interactive teaching materials in learning mathematics for grade 5 elementary school students through the Google Sites platform. As a learning tool, Google Sites allows teachers to design more interesting and interactive teaching materials with the integration of text, images, videos, and animations. This research uses the literature study method to explore the potential of technology-based media in improving the quality of mathematics learning. The results of the study show that the use of Google Sites can improve students' understanding of the material, learning outcomes, as well as their active involvement in the learning process. In addition, the flexibility of access and cloud-based features make it easier for students and teachers to support distance learning or blended learning. Thus, this study confirms the importance of technological innovation in mathematics learning to improve the quality of basic education.

Education plays an important role in shaping a child's character and personality. Schools as formal educational institutions are not only tasked with imparting knowledge, but are also a place for the formation of social values, morals and behavior. (Cahyani et al., 2021) However, the reality shows that schools are often places where negative behavior emerges, one of which is bullying. The method used in this community service activity uses a participatory method by involving the school in the continuity of socialization activities. The approach taken is to direct and explain efforts to deal with the implications of bullying through the elementary school environment. The place of service was carried out at SDN Penikenek, Nagawutung District, Lembata Regency involving research subjects consisting of the Principal, teachers, students, grades 1-6. Community service activities with the title "educational services in overcoming the implications of bullying at SDN Penikenek in Penikenek Village, Nagawutung District, Lembata Regency". Penikenek Elementary School is an elementary school with 39 students and 11 teachers. This service activity takes place by providing material through outreach and donating wall magazines in the form of magazines related to bullying prevention. Implementation of the outreach program at SDN Penikenek is a strategic step designed to increase students' awareness and understanding regarding the dangers of bullying. In this activity, material about the definition, impact and ways to prevent bullying is delivered using a participatory method involving all elements of the school. This method has proven effective in creating open dialogue, building empathy, and increasing collective commitment to overcoming bullying.

This research aims to design syntax in literature learning using the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model at UPT SMP Negeri 17 Medan. This research focuses on the effectiveness of applying PjBL syntax in improving students' literary understanding, critical thinking skills and creativity. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Research findings reveal that the application of the PjBL model in literature learning has a positive impact on student engagement and in-depth understanding of literary material. Project-based evaluations also help students develop collaboration and communication skills. Systematic implementation of PjBL syntax provides a clear and effective learning structure, thereby improving the overall quality of learning.

This community service activity was carried out to answer the challenges of modern education, especially in designing assessments that are inclusive and responsive to the diverse learning needs of students. The program involved 25 teachers from five elementary schools in Gunung Anyar Sub-district, Surabaya. The training method includes preparation through a needs survey, exposure to the basic concepts of differentiated assessment, collaborative practice, implementation simulation, and ongoing mentoring. The results of the training showed a significant increase in teacher competence, especially in understanding the concepts of formative, summative, and diagnostic assessments, as well as the ability to design flexible rubrics and assessment formats. As many as 85% of participants understood the objectives of the activity well, 78% felt that they understood the material very well, and 82% felt helped by simulations and hands-on practice. In addition, the training created a culture of productive collaboration between teachers, which was felt by 88% of participants. However, there are challenges in the form of the need for more time for technical deepening of rubric development and implementation assistance in the classroom. Collaborative practice-based training proved effective in improving teachers' competence in differentiated assessment. For the sustainability of the program, further training, the establishment of teacher learning communities and increased school support are recommended. This program is expected to create a more inclusive, innovative and responsive basic education for students' diversity.

Modern life balance is an increasingly complex challenge in the era of globalization and digitalization. Amidst the pressures of work, social life, and spiritual needs, the concept of angels in religious traditions offers a unique perspective for understanding the harmony of life. This research aims to explore the symbolic and spiritual role of angels in supporting the concept of balance in modern life, both personally and socially. The approach used in this research is a qualitative method with literature analysis and in-depth interviews with individuals from various religious and cultural backgrounds.but also as a symbol of moral and spiritual inspiration that is relevant to the challenges of modern life. Respondents revealed that belief in angels provides a sense of peace, motivation to act better, and awareness of social responsibility. In a modern context, angels are considered a reminder of the importance of harmony between the material and spiritual dimensions of life.This research concludes that the concept of angels can be a relevant approach in supporting the balance of modern life, both as an inspiration for spiritual values ​​and as a symbol of moral motivation in facing the dynamics of contemporary life. These findings contribute to the study of modern spirituality and open opportunities for further discussion about how religious elements can contribute to human well-being in the modern.

Effective learning is the primary goal in education, but traditional teaching methods are often considered less engaging for students. This article analyzes the implementation of interactive teaching methods at MTs Muslimat NU Palangka Raya to enhance student participation and motivation. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the interactive method successfully creates a more dynamic learning environment, with students being more active in group discussions and presentations. This method also improved students' understanding of the material and their social skills, such as communication and collaboration. Overall, the interactive teaching method proved effective in enhancing the quality of learning and can be applied to other educational institutions.

TB is one of the 10 causes of death and the primary cause of infectious agents in the world. The prevalence of tuberculosis patients in 2020 amounted to 929 patients. Some of the influencing factors are behavioral factors, namely knowledge, attitude and behavior in the implementation of routine medication compliance. The method used was observational descriptive with 30 participants who were residents of Sampali Village, Percut Sei Tuan District. The PkM team provided the material in question: 1) Definition of tuberculosis disease, 2) Causes of tuberculosis disease, 3) Signs and symptoms of tuberculosis disease, 4) Complications of tuberculosis disease, and 5) Prevention of tuberculosis disease. After the implementation of the activity: 1) The majority of the understanding of tuberculosis (TB) is good as many as 25 people, 2) The causes of tuberculosis (TB) are mostly good as many as 27 people, 3) The signs and symptoms of tuberculosis (TB) are mostly good as many as 26 people, 4) The majority of tuberculosis (TB) complications are good as many as 27 people, and 5) Prevention of correct transmission of tuberculosis (TB) all participants have been able to as many as 27 people. The increase in knowledge and skills of participants is because the community has a great desire to treat and prevent dengue fever in family members at home.

The national literacy crisis is a serious challenge for the education system in Indonesia. This research examines the educational strategies implemented at Darul Ma’arif High School in an effort to improve student literacy and analyzes the role of the government in supporting the improvement of literacy quality at the secondary school level. This research uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interview and observation methods to understand the learning strategies, infrastructure, and literacy programs implemented at Darul Ma’arif High School and through a community service approach in the form of socialization themed "Exploring Your Future, What Major Are You Interested in?". It was carried out as an effort to arouse students' interest in literacy for their awareness in choosing majors. Through a survey in the form of a form, it is expected to measure students' understanding and response to the material presented to be an indicator of their absorption of literacy. The results show that collaboration between schools and government is needed to create a learning environment conducive to improving literacy. This joint effort includes providing supporting facilities, training teachers and developing a relevant curriculum. The findings are expected to provide input for stakeholders in designing strategies to deal with the national literacy crisis.

Indonesian language plays a crucial role in daily life and education, particularly at the higher education level. As the medium of instruction, proficiency in Indonesian significantly impacts students' academic achievement, including those in Accounting programs. This study aims to analyze the influence of Indonesian language proficiency on the understanding of course materials and the academic achievement of Accounting students at the State University of Medan. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, this research involved 36 student respondents currently taking Indonesian language courses. The findings indicate that strong Indonesian language skills are essential in helping students comprehend accounting concepts, read textbooks, and complete assignments and exams. The majority of respondents agreed that good Indonesian language skills support their academic success, especially in explaining exam answers and writing reports. Conversely, limited Indonesian language proficiency hinders students' ability to grasp complex accounting concepts. This study concludes that strong Indonesian language proficiency contributes significantly to improving students' academic achievement in accounting and provides recommendations for developing Indonesian language instruction that is more integrated with technical courses in the Accounting department.

Generation Z, known as the internet generation, has unique characteristics that influence the way they learn. Technology-based learning, such as the use of animated videos and interactive applications, can increase students' interest and understanding of complex SKI material. This article discusses the impact of technology on the scope of SKI learning in building historical awareness and cultural identity for Generation Z. This research method uses library research, namely searching for research sources by collecting several pieces of literature sourced from journals, books and other sources. The results of this research show that the rapid development of technology is currently having a significant impact on the field of education, including learning the History of Islamic Culture (SKI).

Early literacy materials can give a person softness of heart, critical thinking skills and creative understanding. The purpose of this study was to understand the ways in which teachers teach group B children aged 5-6 years about the concept of reading and to identify factors that may hinder the successful implementation of these strategies. This study utilized a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was collected by conducting observations, interviews and documentation. The research noted that teachers apply a variety of strategies in introducing core reading concepts including; whiteboard media as an opener, coloring as a habituation in recognizing letters, letter guessing games with smart wall media, storytelling, stage books. The implementation of these strategies has been quite optimally done at Ra Al-Kamal because the teachers are very enthusiastic and fast so that the learning process is carried out conducively. 

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) presents new challenges and opportunities in various fields, including in Christian religious education. This article discusses how Christian Religious Education (PAK) and its curriculum can respond to the dynamics presented by AI technology. This article uses a descriptive qualitative method based on literature and scientific journals. The main sources of this research are taken from various literature and scientific journals that are relevant to the research topic. The main focus lies in the adjustment of learning materials that are relevant to the needs of the times, the formation of Christian ethics in the digital era, and the importance of maintaining spiritual values ​​amidst technological developments. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in PAK still adheres to the principles of Christian ethics and values. Theological understanding of the role of humans, morality, and their relationship with the creator is described in the perspective of Christian ethics towards artificial intelligence (AI). The Role of Humans in the Process of Christian Religious Education related to the application of AI involves deep reflection on the relationship between Bible verses and the implementation of artificial intelligence in religious education. In addition, this article explores the potential use of AI in the learning process, such as through personalization of education and increasing interaction between teachers and students. It is hoped that with proper adaptation, PAK can remain relevant and provide a solid foundation of faith for future generations in facing the challenges of modern technology.

The implementation of this learning aims to be able to implement the Blended Learning learning model through interactive learning multimedia in improving the understanding of the concept of Harmony in Ecosystem material for fifth grade students of UPTD SD Negeri Bluru. The purpose of blended learning is to increase flexibility, optimize time and increase interaction. To obtain accurate results, the implementation procedure is carried out using an experimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The implementation of learning is carried out by integrating two types of online and face-to-face learning based on interactive learning multimedia which is expected to create a more meaningful learning experience and improve students' understanding of ecosystem concepts. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students' understanding of concepts after participating in blended-learning learning. In addition, students also showed a higher interest in learning and were more active in participating in learning activities. Blended learning will continue to be improved and updated so that it can be used in other subjects with relevant material. In this case, there needs to be reflection, evaluation and follow-up systematically and comprehensively.

This research discusses the belief in the Last Day from an Islamic perspective, which is one of the important pillars of faith. The background of this research is based on the importance of understanding the Last Days in shaping the behavior and morals of Muslims. The aim of the research is to explore how belief in the Last Day affects the daily lives of Muslims in spiritual and social aspects. The research method used is qualitative with a literature study approach, analyzing various sources of religious texts and related Islamic literature. The research results show that belief in the Last Day encourages Muslims to increase morality, justice and social responsibility, as well as providing a deep understanding of divine justice and life after death.

It is important to understand that students' academic achievement is not only influenced by their cognitive abilities, but also by non-cognitive factors such as social-emotional skills and learning styles. In an effort to improve the quality of education and facilitate the optimal development of students at SMA Negeri 3 Kejuruan Muda, it is hoped that the report on the results of the non-cognitive diagnostic assessment can be a strong foundation for SMA Negeri 3 Kejuruan Muda in developing holistic, adaptive, and student-centered learning strategies. Through a better understanding of the social-emotional aspects and learning styles, schools can create a learning environment that supports not only academic achievement, but also students' optimal personal and social development. Thus, this study aims to (1) Identify students' social-emotional abilities and areas that require further support. (2) Assess students' learning styles to adjust teaching methods to their preferences. (3) Provide recommendations based on assessment results to improve support and learning strategies in schools. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through a google form questionnaire distributed to all students of SMA Negeri 3 Kejuruan Muda. The results of the study showed that 10.5% of students had high social emotional abilities, 60.5% of their social emotional abilities were said to be sufficient, 27.8% needed improvement and 1.2% needed significant development by BK teachers or counselors. Meanwhile, the Learning Styles possessed by students at SMAN 3 Kejuruan Muda were 40% Visual learning style, 30% Auditory learning style and 30% Kinesthetic learning style. Furthermore, the recommended treatment recommendations for students with high levels of social emotional abilities are to become peer counselors, students who have moderate social emotional abilities can be guided by peer counselors and students who have low levels of social emotional abilities require guidance by BK teachers or professional counselors. Meanwhile, recommendations for visual learning styles can be presented with learning media in the form of images, videos or slides, auditory learning styles are presented with learning media in the form of audio recordings or listening to explanations from teachers and kinesthetic learning styles can be included in games, simulations, practicums, projects and demonstrating learning materials.  

Cognitive impairment is one of the adverse effects for the elderly. Physiotherapy plays an important role in improving cognitive function in the elderly, namely by promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative ways. Assessment of cognitive function with neuropsychological examination is the main key. A fairly popular cognitive function examination includes the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Test. The method used was to provide counseling and examination related to cognitive impairment in the elderly using the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) questionnaire. Participants in counseling activities consisted of 30 elderly people. Before counseling the elderly are given questions (pre-test) about material about cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the elderly were given education related to cognitive impairment, then continued with a question and answer session, after that, the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) questionnaire was distributed. Pretest and posttest were conducted before and after counseling regarding the provision of cognitive function disorder material. Based on the data above, counseling activities carried out on understanding the elderly in the elderly griya husnul khotimah wajak related to the definition of cognitive function disorders, causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment, this is indicated by an increase in insight and knowledge of the elderly regarding cognitive function disorders in the elderly.

This study aims to find out and analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the duties of the civil police unit in the management of dormitories/lodging in Central Ende District, Ende Regency. This research is an empirical juridical research that uses three approaches, namely the socio-legal approach, the conceptual approach and the doctrinal approach using primary data and secondary data collected using observation, interview and literature study methods. This study uses a method of processing legal materials which is processed in several stages, namely inventory of legal materials, classification of legal materials, systematization of legal materials and verification of legal materials after which it is analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of this study show that (1) the effectiveness of the implementation of the duties of the Pamong Praja Police Unit in controlling dormitories/lodging in Central Ende District, Ende Regency can be said to be effective, because the Satpol PP of Ende Regency in collaboration with other agencies carries out their duties and authorities following the existing procedures, even though the implementation is not perfect, (2) Obstacle factors for the implementation of Satpol PP's duties in ordering dormitories/lodgings,  namely responsiveness and confrontation, compliance and understanding, limited resources, difficult cases and infrastructure constraints

This article examines Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials through a psychological approach to optimize students' understanding of religious teachings. This study explores five main aspects: (a) religion from psychologists' perspective which emphasizes the role of religion in identity formation and psychological well-being, (b) adaptation of PAI materials according to students' developmental stages, which is essential to ensure religious teachings can be well received and understood, (c) analysis of PAI materials based on interests and talents, focusing on increasing student motivation and engagement, (d) PAI models oriented towards religious comfort, which aims to create positive relationships between students and religious teachings, and (e) the role of PAI teachers as spiritual counselors who support students' mental and spiritual health. With this approach, religious education can function as both a spiritual foundation and sustainable psychological support. This article is expected to serve as a reference for educators and education practitioners in developing more effective and relevant PAI materials.

This study aims to analyze the calculation of Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGS) and sales strategies at MSME Boembu Rumah Catering. Using a direct interview method with the business owner, this research explores the components of production costs which include raw materials, labor, and overhead costs. The results showed that Boembu Rumah Catering was able to determine a competitive and efficient selling price, thus achieving a profit of 98%. In conclusion, accurate COGS calculation and proper understanding of cost components can improve the efficiency and profitability of MSME businesses, while strengthening competitiveness in the catering market.