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The irfani approach in the study of Islamic law is a method that integrates spiritual experience, intuition, and moral values in understanding and applying legal principles. This research aims to explore the relevance, implications, and challenges of the irfani approach within the context of Islamic law in Indonesia. By employing normative juridical analysis and literature study, this study finds that the irfani approach enriches the understanding of Islamic law by linking it to contemporary issues, such as social justice, environmental protection, and human rights. This perspective encourages a more holistic and ethical interpretation of legal principles, moving beyond rigid textual analysis. Furthermore, this research highlights the potential harmonization between Islamic law and customary law (adat law) in Indonesia. This integration can create a more inclusive, culturally adaptive, and community-responsive legal system, which aligns with Indonesia's pluralistic legal landscape. However, challenges remain in the widespread acceptance and implementation of the irfani approach. Resistance often arises from scholars and institutions that prefer conventional, textual, and rationalistic approaches to Islamic law, perceiving the irfani method as subjective or lacking legal rigor.Despite these challenges, strengthening education, scholarly dialogue, and interdisciplinary engagement between Islamic law scholars, legal practitioners, and policymakers can foster a greater appreciation for the ethical and spiritual dimensions of Islamic law. By incorporating mystical insights and moral considerations, the irfani approach has significant potential to contribute to the evolution of Islamic law in Indonesia, ensuring its relevance, inclusivity, and adaptability in addressing the complex challenges of modern society.

This study explores the role of Islamic education in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through a library research approach. Islamic education, with its emphasis on moral, spiritual, and social values, aligns closely with the principles of sustainable development. The study reveals that Islamic teachings on justice, equality, social responsibility, and environmental stewardship are in harmony with the goals outlined in the SDGs. Islamic educational institutions contribute to poverty alleviation, environmental awareness, and gender equality through curriculum content and practical programs rooted in Islamic values. However, challenges such as limited curriculum integration and lack of teacher capacity remain obstacles. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the curriculum, empower educators, and build partnerships between Islamic educational institutions and broader development stakeholders to ensure Islamic education becomes a significant agent in achieving the global goals.

This study presents a description of the role of persuasive communication carried out by parents in shaping a child’s positive self-concept. The research used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. Purposive sampling was applied to ensure the validity of the data. The findings of the study include: the use of praise and appreciation, time management, utilizing technology as a means of communication, persuasive communication patterns based on Islamic values, and the role of the school environment. The success of parents' persuasive communication lies in the use of gentle and appreciative communication, effective time management despite busy schedules, and the consistent integration of Islamic values both at home and in school.

Global climate change has caused changes in rainfall patterns in various regions, including North Jayapura District, Papua Province. This study aims to analyze changes in rainfall characteristics in the region over the past two decades (2004–2023) using GSMaP satellite data. The analysis was carried out on the average monthly rainfall, annual rainfall, decadal trends, hourly rainfall intensity frequency, and daily rainfall duration. The results showed a decrease in annual rainfall accumulation in the 2014–2023 decades compared to the previous decade (2004–2013), with a difference of around 5,000 mm. The seasonal rainfall pattern still shows concentration in January to March, but with a significant decrease in these wet months. In addition, there was an increase in the frequency of short-duration rain (<1 hour) and moderate to very heavy rain, although the frequency was still relatively small. The high variability of annual rainfall also indicates an increasingly large climate. These findings indicate that North Jayapura District faces the risk of increasing extreme rainfall events and decreasing water availability in the long term. Therefore, adaptation efforts are needed through improving early warning systems, conservation of air catchment areas, and integration of satellite data and field observations in air resource management planning.

The advancement of networking and communication technologies has escalated the IoT and edge computing integration by leaps and bounds. This paper provides a review of the current trends, technologies and issues concerning IoT and edge computing. Looking at the key application areas of smart cities, healthcare, industrial IoT and smart grids this paper demonstrates how edge computing solves the problems of cloud computing such as latency, bandwidth and privacy. The survey also reveals present day constraints such as the lack of standards for scalability, integration problems, and lack of strong data protection measures. This work can be considered as a reference source for researchers and practitioners since it reveals the relationship between IoT and edge computing and gives an idea of further advancements.

Islamic education has a strategic role in shaping the character and morals of students in line with the principles of democracy. This article aims to examine how democratic values ​​such as equality, justice, deliberation, and tolerance can be instilled through the process of Islamic education, both formally in educational institutions and in non-formal contexts such as religious studies and socio-religious activities. With a qualitative descriptive approach and literature study, this study shows that Islamic education can be an effective instrument in instilling democratic values ​​through the integration of religious teachings, teacher role models, and strengthening the curriculum that encourages dialogue, freedom of thought, and respect for differences. Instilling democratic values ​​in Islamic education is not only relevant to the development of national character, but also becomes an important foundation in forming a civilized civil society.

This research discusses how the integration of Islamic values and learning innovation can be applied in Islamic Religious Education in higher education, especially at the Indonesian Education University. The background of this research is the challenges of globalization and technological developments that require Islamic education to continue to innovate without ignoring the principles of sharia. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving lecturers, students, and religious leaders as informants. The results showed that the integration of Islamic values in Islamic education is done through the Islamization of science approach, the use of technology in learning, and the creation of a religious academic environment. In addition, innovations such as Problem-Based Learning and Experiential Learning methods proved to be able to increase students' interest and understanding of Islamic teachings. In conclusion, collaboration between academics, students, and religious leaders is very important in creating Islamic Religion Education learning that is relevant, interesting, and still in accordance with Sharia law. This research is expected to provide an overview and strategic recommendations for the development of Islamic education in the modern

Tradisi Sedekah Bumi in Dusun Krajan, Tunahan Village, is a cultural practice rich in symbolic and spiritual meanings. This study aims to uncover the symbolic meanings of offerings in this tradition and examine their relevance to the concept of pattidāna in Theravāda Buddhism. The research employs a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, using participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation for data collection. The findings show that offerings carry complex symbolic meanings as a form of spiritual communication with ancestors and unseen beings. Elements such as flowers, coffee, incense, and takir reflect values of spirituality, ancestral reverence, and gratitude toward nature. This practice is aligned with the concept of pattidāna, which refers to merit transfer to ancestors as an expression of spiritual solidarity and communal identity. The study concludes that Sedekah Bumi embodies an integration of local and Buddhist values, making it a significant cultural practice to preserve amidst the challenges of modernity and contemporary spiritual crises

This research aims to analyse the effectiveness of differentiated instruction implementation in enhancing critical thinking character in Islamic Elementary School students in Makassar. The research employed a mixed-method approach with an embedded experimental design. The research sample consisted of 68 fourth and fifth-grade students from three Islamic Elementary Schools in Makassar, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, critical thinking ability tests, interviews, and documentation. Differentiated instruction was implemented for 12 weeks, considering variations in students' learning readiness, interests, and learning profiles. The results showed that: (1) the implementation of differentiated instruction was effective with an implementation rate of 87.5%; (2) there was a significant improvement in students' critical thinking abilities with an effect size of 0.82 (high category); (3) the three aspects of critical thinking that experienced the highest improvement were analyzing arguments, evaluating information, and drawing conclusions based on evidence; (4) success supporting factors included comprehensive lesson planning, school leadership support, teacher competence, and integration of Islamic values in the learning process. This research recommends the implementation of differentiated instruction as a strategy to develop students' critical thinking abilities while considering individual learning characteristics and needs.

This article examines the synergy between Islamic theological values and local wisdom as a basis for resistance to environmental exploitation in Mandailing Natal. The focus of the study lies on the application of faith principles, such as the concepts of khalifah, justice, and ihsan, and their implementation through the traditional practice of lubuk larangan. The literature study method was used to collect and analyze secondary data from scientific articles, journals, and national and local news sources. The results of the study show that these Islamic theological values have been deeply rooted in the culture of the Mandailing Natal community, encouraging a critical attitude towards illegal gold mining practices that damage the ecosystem. The lubuk larangan tradition also acts as a mechanism for social control and environmental conservation, by implementing periodic restrictions on extractive activities to provide space for natural regeneration. The findings indicate that the integration of Islamic theology and local wisdom results in a more integrated and ethical natural resource management paradigm. This research recommends strengthening the synergy of faith values and local traditions in the formulation of public policies and increasing community participation in environmental monitoring. This integrative approach can be used as a strategic model to overcome the challenges of environmental exploitation amid increasingly complex global dynamics.

Rebana Metropolitan Area is designed as an economic growth center in the northeastern part of West Java by emphasizing integrated and sustainable investment. Cirebon Regency acts as a buffer zone as well as an Industrial Designation Area (KPI) which has great potential in supporting regional economic growth. This study aims to identify the leading sectors of Cirebon Regency that can be optimized in regional economic development. The method used is quantitative descriptive analysis with the Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), and Klassen Typology approaches to identify base sectors and prospective sectors. The results of the analysis show that Cirebon Regency has nine basic sectors and eleven prospective sectors that have the potential for further development. Some of the main sectors, such as manufacturing industry, trade, and agriculture, still face challenges of competitiveness and integration with other regions in the Rebana Region. Therefore, a development strategy is needed that focuses on strengthening developing sectors to become leading sectors and encouraging underdeveloped sectors to transform to become more competitive. In conclusion, optimizing the leading sectors in Cirebon Regency can support more sustainable economic growth in the Rebana Metropolitan Area through targeted economic planning.

Strategic decision-making ability is an important skill that must be possessed by the leaders of Islamic educational institutions to support the achievement of educational goals, improve the quality of learning, and build institutional governance in accordance with Islamic values. The purpose of this study is for operational planning in Islamic educational organizations through measurable strategic decision-making. The focus of the study is directed at how operational definitions of programs, indicators, activities, and scheduling based on the academic calendar can reflect the readiness of educational institutions in facing future challenges. This study uses a library research method by collecting data from various written sources such as books, scientific journals, and relevant official documents. The results of the study show that clarity in formulating program indicators, selecting relevant persons in charge, and integration be-tween strategy and operational activities can increase the effectiveness of achieving the vision and mis-sion of Islamic educational institutions. Therefore, operational planning is not only technical, but is an integral part of the strategic management of Islamic education.

This study investigates the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with YouTube media to enhance listening skills and motivation among junior high school students. Conducted at SMP Negeri 3 Gresik, the research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data. The pre-experimental design assessed students' listening skills before and after a four-week intervention, while questionnaires captured their motivation levels. The findings reveal a significant improvement in students' listening comprehension, as evidenced by an increase in mean test scores from 48.00 in the pre-test to 79.33 in the post-test, with a p-value of 0.000 indicating statistical significance. Additionally, motivation levels improved, with students expressing heightened engagement and interest in the learning process. The integration of authentic and dynamic YouTube content within the PBL framework fostered a more interactive and engaging learning environment, addressing common challenges such as limited motivation and anxiety. The study concludes that the combination of PBL and YouTube media is an effective instructional strategy for enhancing listening skills and motivation in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. It offers practical insights for educators seeking innovative approaches to language instruction and underscores the importance of integrating technology into active learning methodologies.  

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in shaping the Christian character of students at SMK Negeri 1 Beringin. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method and secondary data analysis. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers have a strategic role as educators, mentors, facilitators, and advisors in instilling Christian values ​​such as love, honesty, responsibility, forgiveness, and concern for others. Character formation is carried out through the teacher's exemplary life, integration of Biblical values ​​in the learning process, application of real faith practices in everyday life, and a learning approach that prioritizes love and understanding of students' needs. In addition, PAK teachers are expected to continue to develop themselves spiritually and professionally to increase equal effectiveness. Suggestions from this study include the importance of improving the quality and competence of teachers, providing supporting facilities and infrastructure by schools, and developing contextual, interactive, and relevant learning methods to students' lives so that Christian character formation can take place optimally.

Restorative justice is an alternative approach in the criminal justice system that focuses on restoring losses arising from criminal acts, as well as efforts for dialogue between perpetrators, victims, and the community. In the context of drug abuse in Indonesia, this approach is beginning to be considered as a more humane solution compared to conventional punishment, especially for addicts or users who are essentially victims of dependence. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of restorative justice in resolving drug abuse cases in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a juridical-normative approach with case studies and qualitative analysis of laws and regulations, law enforcement policies, and their implementation in the field. The results of the study indicate that although the concept of restorative justice has significant potential in encouraging rehabilitation and social reintegration for drug users, its implementation still faces various challenges, including the absence of clear regulations, community stigma, and resistance from some law enforcement officers. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, training for officers, and public education to support the success of this approach in the drug criminal justice system in Indonesia.

The Family Visiting Leave Programme at Class II B Gunung Sugih Correctional Facility faces obstacles due to the imbalance between the number of officers and the workload that must be handled. In addition, limited facilities and lack of supporting facilities in prisons also hamper the effectiveness of the implementation of this programme. This research aims to analyse the implementation of Family Visiting Leave for prisoners in Class II B Gunung Sugih Correctional Facility and the obstacles faced based on Permenkumham Number 16 of 2023. This research uses a normative juridical approach through literature study and document analysis, as well as an empirical approach through observation and interviews. The data was analysed using qualitative juridical methods to draw conclusions based on empirical findings in the field. The results of this study indicate that the provision of Family Visiting Leave at Class II B Gunung Sugih Correctional Facility is given to prisoners who have shown good behaviour and have served at least half the criminal period, as part of an effort to encourage social reintegration. However, the programme faces a number of obstacles, including internal issues such as the low quality of human resources (HR) and overcrowding that hamper the effectiveness of its implementation. In addition, there are external obstacles that include negative stigma from the community as well as a lack of cooperation between the prison and related agencies, which affect the success of the programme.

This study aims to comprehensively examine the influence of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) on enhancing students’ problem-solving abilities in physics education. The integration of IoT into PBL is seen as a progressive approach to address the growing demand for innovative instructional strategies that promote higher-order thinking skills. A quantitative approach was adopted, utilizing a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group format to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. The participants were 25 undergraduate physics students from the University of West Sulawesi, selected through saturated sampling due to the limited population size. To evaluate students’ problem-solving skills, data were collected using structured written tests designed around five key indicators: understanding the problem, describing the problem, planning the solution, executing the solution, and evaluating the results. Prior to hypothesis testing, normality of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, followed by paired sample t-tests with IBM SPSS Statistics 23 to determine the significance of differences in pretest and posttest scores. The findings revealed a statistically significant improvement in students’ problem-solving skills following the implementation of the IoT-based PBL model, with results showing significance at the 5% level and gain scores classified as effective. These outcomes demonstrate the potential of the PBL-IoT integration to foster critical thinking and improve educational quality. Therefore, the implementation of this instructional model is recommended for physics educators seeking to enhance student engagement, problem-solving proficiency, and learning outcomes through the integration of emerging technologies.

The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) has significantly transformed the funding landscape for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), offering innovative financial solutions beyond traditional banking institutions. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of fintech’s role in SME financing, identifying emerging trends and research gaps. Utilizing bibliographic coupling and co-occurrence network analysis, data from Scopus were analyzed to uncover the intellectual structure and evolution of research in this field. The results highlight key themes, including the integration of blockchain, peer-to-peer lending, financial inclusion, and crowdfunding in SME financing. A particular focus on Islamic finance and Islamic crowdfunding indicates a growing interest in alternative financing mechanisms that align with Sharia principles. Additionally, the study reveals an increasing academic focus on fintech adoption in developing economies, particularly in Indonesia and Nigeria, where access to capital remains a critical challenge. The findings underscore fintech’s role in democratizing financial access for SMEs, bridging funding gaps, and fostering economic growth. Future research should investigate regulatory frameworks, risk management strategies, and technological adoption models to optimize the impact of fintech on sustainability in SME financing.

Character and moral education are essential pillars in shaping the personality of Christian students, especially in the context of the disruptive era, which is increasingly marked by rapid technological advancement, moral degradation, and shifting social values. The rise of digitalization and modernization presents new challenges to students' moral integrity, empathy, and spiritual grounding. This article aims to explore and analyze the strategic role of Christian Education in addressing these challenges by integrating character and moral education rooted in Christian values. Using a qualitative literature review method, this study draws from a wide range of primary and secondary sources that include theories of character education, moral development, and biblical-Christian perspectives. The findings indicate that a holistic approach to Christian Education—one that incorporates moral instruction, spiritual formation, and practical application through discipleship, prayer, and the example of Christian educators—can significantly contribute to students’ character development. Furthermore, this integration cultivates not only moral awareness and social responsibility but also fosters resilience and faith-based identity formation. The article also proposes a contextual model for character and moral education that aligns with the demands of the disruptive era, emphasizing the importance of spiritual values alongside intellectual growth. This model serves as a framework for educators to nurture morally and spiritually grounded individuals capable of navigating complex social realities with integrity and compassion. In conclusion, Christian Education, when grounded in strong theological and pedagogical foundations, has the transformative potential to shape a generation of students who are not only academically competent but also morally upright and spiritually mature

Academic literacy is one of the main factors in improving the quality of college graduates. Developed countries have implemented various strategies to improve literacy levels in higher education environments in order to create competitive graduates who are ready to face global challenges. This article aims to analyze policies and implementation of strategies to improve academic literacy in universities in developed countries. Using a qualitative approach based on literature studies, this study found that technology integration, research-based learning, improving criteria, and providing supporting facilities such as digital libraries and academic literacy training are effective steps in improving student literacy. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for higher education institutions in developing countries in designing policies to improve academic literacy