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This research analyzes the strategic role of the Non-Governmental Intermediary (NGI) in bridging farmers and the government to accelerate the implementation of Agrarian Reform (RA) in Indonesia. Sharp agrarian inequality, driven by colonial legacy, land control by corporations/elites, and slow RA due to bureaucratic complexity, overlapping authorities, and information gaps, creates an urgent need for new collaboration mechanisms. NGIs fill this void by performing a multidimensional role: Dialogue Facilitator to reduce information asymmetry; Technical Assistant through Participatory Mapping and valid administrative document preparation; Community-Based Agrarian Conflict Mediator; Independent Monitor for accountability; and Policy Advocate. A New Institutional Model based on Hybrid Governance is proposed, formally integrating the state, NGIs, and farming communities, supported by Technological Integration for transparent participatory spatial data. This model must be realized through Institutionalized Partnership (MoU/Presidential Regulation) to ensure legitimacy and sustainability. Key challenges include bureaucratic resistance, NGO stigma, and local elite conflicts of interest, but strengthening the NGI role presents opportunities through enhanced public accountability and technical innovation. In conclusion, the successful acceleration of RA hinges on the formal legal recognition and capacity building of NGIs as official actors within the RA institutional framework.

The Israel–Palestine conflict continues to generate widespread human rights violations, yet international responses are often fragmented due to the political dominance of developed nations, raising critical questions about the effectiveness of human rights protection. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of how such dominance, particularly the use of veto power in the UN Security Council and the provision of direct political and military support, it affects the asymmetry of civilian protection and delays the cessation of hostilities. Using a doctrinal method with normative–qualitative analysis of resolutions, official reports, and global justice frameworks, this research also evaluates the effectiveness of normative diplomacy carried out by Indonesia and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in promoting ceasefires, accountability, and victim recovery. The findings indicate that vetoes and material support create systemic barriers to compliance with humanitarian law, significantly weakening efforts to protect human rights. Nevertheless, Indonesia’s and the OIC’s consistent diplomacy contributes to mobilizing international support, although their policy leverage remains limited in the absence of concrete enforcement mechanisms. The main implication of this study underscores the urgent need for a stronger architecture of global compliance, including restrictions on arms support that prolong conflict, conditioning international aid on human rights compliance, ensuring humanitarian access, and reinforcing the implementation of rulings and provisional measures of international judicial bodies, in pursuit of effective accountability and human rights protection.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of internal control in the receivables audit process and evaluate its effectiveness in minimizing the risk of bad debts in a health center environment. Receivables, especially those originating from health services to JKN participants and general patients, can cause problematic receivables if not managed effectively. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through observation, interviews and documentation review during the audit by a public accounting firm. The results of the study indicate that there are still weaknesses in the internal control structure such as suboptimal separation of duties, an unintegrated receivables information system and a weak bad debt reserve policy. In addition, late payments by third parties and poor patient administration knowledge are also external factors that influence the high risk of bad debts. Therefore, improving the internal control system, implementing information technology and strengthening coordination with the guarantor are very important to reduce the risk of bad debts and increase accountability for financial management in the health center environment.

The digital transformation of Indonesia’s judiciary through the e-Court system represents a Supreme Court initiative to realize the principles of speed, simplicity, and affordability as mandated by Article 2(4) of Law No. 48 of 2009 on Judicial Power. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of these principles in the implementation of e-Court, particularly in civil cases at District Courts. The research employs a juridical-normative and juridical-empirical approach, collecting data through literature review, document analysis, and interviews with court officials, lawyers, and litigants. The findings indicate that e- Court significantly accelerates case administration, claim submission, and inter-party communication, reflecting a faster and more efficient adjudication process. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including technological infrastructure limitations, digital literacy disparities, and regional inconsistencies in implementation. Furthermore, although case fees have become more affordable, accessibility for people in remote areas continues to hinder procedural simplicity. The study concludes that e-Court has positively contributed to realizing the principles of speed, simplicity, and low cost, yet further policy reinforcement, equitable digital infrastructure, and human resource development are necessary to achieve an inclusive and just digital judiciary.

Village-Owned Enterprises are pivotal in driving village development through sustainable management of local resources. This study analyzes the management of Unggul Bahtera BUMDes in Babakan Village, Banyumas Regency, focusing on planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation, as well as the factors that support and hinder its progress. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were gathered through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that while BUMDes Unggul Bahtera has demonstrated effective planning and implementation, marked by participatory strategies and strong institutional coordination, it faces challenges in evaluation, particularly in enhancing supervision and reporting mechanisms. Key supporting factors include strong village government backing and active community participation, whereas limitations in human resources and business capital pose significant challenges. This research provides valuable insights into the management of BUMDes and highlights the importance of addressing evaluation gaps to ensure long-term sustainability. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for other villages in managing BUMDes more professionally and sustainably, promoting inclusive economic development. By identifying best practices and areas for improvement, this study contributes to enhancing the role of BUMDes in fostering rural economic growth and community empowerment. Ultimately, it offers practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners seeking to optimize BUMDes performance.

This study aims to formulate an integrative conceptual framework regarding the role of research methods in the formation of evidence-based village policy (EBP). The main focus is how qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research can be used to produce more inclusive, transparent, and accountable policies in the context of village development in Indonesia. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to scientific publications indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, and SINTA for the period 2015–2025. The literature synthesis shows that research methods play a crucial role in identifying village community needs, improving data quality, and strengthening accountability in the policy formulation process. The EBP approach has been shown to encourage citizen participation, increase transparency in village fund allocation, and minimize the dominance of short-term political interests. However, its implementation faces challenges such as limited capacity of village officials, inadequate data infrastructure, and low policy literacy at the local level. These findings are relevant for strengthening village capacity in managing development funds, developing policies based on the real needs of residents, and promoting social accountability. This article makes a new contribution to the local public policy literature by emphasizing the importance of research as an instrument for strengthening village governance.

This research aims to develop a digital-based governance model for village finance to support the realization of a Smart and Green Village. The study analyzes how digital transformation in village finance management can increase transparency, accountability, and efficiency, while promoting sustainability-oriented budgeting and environmental practices. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was used to identify, evaluate, and synthesize scientific publications from 2022 to 2025, accessed through reputable databases such as ScienceDirect, Springer, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, SAGE, ACM, and IEEE. The review focused on topics including digital governance in villages, digital public finance, smart village development, green budgeting, environmental sustainability, and rural digital transformation. Findings indicate that digital-based village finance governance enhances administrative efficiency, strengthens budget transparency through real-time monitoring, minimizes financial deviation risks, and boosts public participation in fiscal accountability. Integrating digital systems with green budgeting features enables the prioritization of sustainable programs, such as renewable energy, waste management, climate change mitigation, and green infrastructure development. The study suggests a comprehensive digital-based governance model that includes e-budgeting, e-accounting, digital payment systems, public transparency dashboards, and environmental performance indicators to support the implementation of a Smart and Green Village. This research offers strategic insights for village governments, policymakers, and practitioners on the importance of adopting digital governance tools to improve financial management and strengthen sustainable development at the local level.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in public policy networks as representatives of community interests, government partners, and advocacy actors. This study aims to analyze the role of NGOs in public policy networks in Garut Regency, as well as the challenges faced in increasing their contribution to policy formulation and implementation. The study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies of actors involved in the policy network. The results show that NGO involvement is still symbolic, power relations between actors are not yet equal, NGO institutional capacity is limited, and coordination within the policy network is less than optimal. The lack of regulatory support also weakens the position of NGOs in the public policy process. This study concludes that strengthening the role of NGOs through institutionalizing their involvement, developing regulations, increasing capacity, and establishing equal partnership patterns are important steps to improve the effectiveness of public policy networks in Garut Regency.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of mangrove rehabilitation policies after Cyclone Seroja in West Oesapa Village, Kupang City, using Merilee S. Grindle's policy implementation theory and the principles of good governance. Mangrove rehabilitation is a crucial step in the recovery of coastal ecosystems affected by disasters, but in practice it often faces various obstacles, both in terms of institutions, coordination between actors, and community participation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews with nine informants consisting of representatives of government agencies (DLHK, BKSDA), field supervisors, NGO administrators, RT heads, and local communities. Data analysis was carried out by referring to two main variables of Grindle's theory, namely policy content and implementation context, which were then combined with governance principles such as coordination, participation, transparency, effectiveness, and accountability. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the mangrove rehabilitation policy in West Oesapa does not fully reflect the principles of good governance. Coordination between actors is not optimal, community participation is still passive, and post-implementation monitoring mechanisms have not been implemented. The dominance of technical implementers and minimal community involvement in planning are major obstacles to achieving program sustainability. Therefore, strengthening collaborative governance and community empowerment is needed to ensure effective and sustainable mangrove rehabilitation.

This community service activity was carried out by lecturers of the College of Administrative Sciences (STIA) Satya Negara Palembang as part of fulfilling the obligations of the Tridarma of Higher Education, specifically in the aspect of community service. This program aims to increase citizen participation in public service evaluation by implementing a web-based digital suggestion box system at the Palembang City Tourism Office. This activity is motivated by the low effectiveness of conventional suggestion boxes, which are often less transparent, difficult to access, and slow to implement. Through a participatory approach and the use of digital technology, this system is designed to enable people to convey their aspirations, criticisms, and suggestions online with guaranteed identity confidentiality. The results of the implementation showed a significant increase in the number of suggestions, a reduction in response time from seven to two working days, and a community satisfaction rate of 92.74%. The implementation of this system also forms a more open and participatory pattern of public communication between the community and local governments. This activity has practical, academic, and policy implications as a model for implementing digital participatory governance that supports the principles of good governance and digital transformation of public services.

The doctrine of Sola Scriptura, which positions Scripture as the supreme authority in matters of faith and practice, has been a foundational pillar for Protestant Christianity. However, its application within the dynamic context of modern Christian Religious Education (CRE) faces significant challenges that necessitate a critical evaluation. This study employs a qualitative research method with a descriptive-analytical approach to comprehensively investigate the interplay between this theological principle and contemporary educational praxis. The research is conducted by systematically gathering and analyzing a wide range of textual sources, including seminal theological works on Sola Scriptura, current CRE curricula, relevant scholarly articles, and educational policy documents. The analysis describes the core tenets of the principle as historically understood, followed by an examination of its practical implementation in educational settings. The study identifies and elucidates key challenges, such as the rise of historical-critical biblical interpretation, increasing religious pluralism, the pervasive influence of secularism, and the pedagogical shift towards student-centered learning models that prioritize personal experience. The findings reveal a critical tension between the exclusive truth claims inherent in Sola Scriptura and the inclusive, relativistic environment of the modern world. The study concludes that for CRE to remain relevant and effective, it must develop thoughtful pedagogical strategies that faithfully uphold the authority of Scripture while simultaneously engaging with these contemporary challenges. This necessitates a move beyond a mere transmission of doctrine towards fostering a critical and reflective faith among learners, enabling them to navigate the complexities of the modern age.

This study aims to analyze the effect of cum and ex-dividend dates and company size on stock prices using the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) as a moderating variable. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with moderating variables on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research is based on signaling theory, which states that dividend information can serve as a signal for investors in making investment decisions. The results of the study indicate that all independent and moderating variables in the model simultaneously have a significant influence on stock prices. This suggests that the regression model used in this study is valid and can comprehensively explain stock price variations. This study implies that companies need to develop a more structured financial communication strategy, particularly in the disclosure of dividend information. Not only should the timing of dividend distribution be communicated, but the number of dividends to be distributed should also be clearly communicated to strengthen investor response. The implementation of this strategy must be accompanied by compliance with OJK and IDX regulations to maintain market confidence and increase the value of company shares.

The effectiveness of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in enforcing international humanitarian law related to war crimes and forced displacement in Gaza faces complex challenges. Although the ICJ has international legal authority to adjudicate violations of international obligations, the implementation of ICJ decisions, in particular provisional measures that have been issued regarding Gaza, are often ignored by Israel. This non-compliance is further complicated by global political factors, especially the United States' support for the temporary relocation policy of Gazans which exacerbates patterns of forced displacement. This research uses a normative juridical method, with a focus on studying international legal norms, such as the 1945 Statute of the International Court of Justice, the 1949 Geneva Convention IV, and the 1998 Rome Statute. A conceptual approach is used to dissect the concept of the effectiveness of the ICJ's jurisdiction, while a case approach is applied in analyzing the application of the ICJ's jurisdiction to the post-2023 Gaza conflict. political domination of big countries. Therefore, strengthening the ICJ's jurisdiction requires effective compliance system reform and firmer political support from the international community so that the ICJ does not simply become a normative symbol.  

This community service activity was carried out by lecturers of the College of Administrative Sciences (STIA) Satya Negara Palembang as part of fulfilling the obligations of the Tridarma of Higher Education, specifically in the aspect of community service. This program aims to increase citizen participation in public service evaluation by implementing a web-based digital suggestion box system at the Palembang City Tourism Office. This activity is motivated by the low effectiveness of conventional suggestion boxes, which are often less transparent, difficult to access, and slow to implement. Through a participatory approach and the use of digital technology, this system is designed to enable people to convey their aspirations, criticisms, and suggestions online with guaranteed identity confidentiality. The results of the implementation showed a significant increase in the number of suggestions, a reduction in response time from seven to two working days, and a community satisfaction rate of 92.74%. The implementation of this system also forms a more open and participatory pattern of public communication between the community and local governments. This activity has practical, academic, and policy implications as a model for implementing digital participatory governance that supports the principles of good governance and digital transformation of public services.

This study aims to explore collaborative management between local governments, educational institutions, and communities in improving the quality of basic education in Sidoarjo Regency. The background of this research stems from the increasing need for an adaptive, participatory, and sustainable education system in the era of decentralization, where intersectoral collaboration is key to realizing quality and equitable education. Sidoarjo Regency, as a region with rapid economic and social growth, faces obstacles in the distribution of quality basic education, particularly related to community participation, policy collaboration, and human resource capacity building at the school level. This study applies a qualitative approach through a case study method, involving resource persons from the Sidoarjo Regency Education Office, principals, teachers, school committees, and the education community. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and analysis of regional education policy documents. Research findings indicate that collaboration between various actors has successfully improved education quality through community-based learning mentoring programs, teacher training, and innovative policies in school management. However, the implementation of collaboration continues to face obstacles such as lack of coordination between agencies, budget constraints, and ineffective joint program evaluation. The study concludes that successful collaborative management requires shared commitment, transparent communication, and ongoing policy support. Research recommendations emphasize the importance of enhancing intersectoral collaboration capacity, local education dialogue forums, and performance-based evaluation systems to maintain the sustainability of basic education quality in Sidoarjo Regency.

Digital transformation has become a necessity for State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN), particularly BRI, to face disruptions in the technological era. This study evaluates the reskilling and upskilling programs at BRI Medan in addressing the need for digital competencies, productivity improvement, and digital banking services. A mixed-method approach was used through in-depth interviews and questionnaires with program participants and HR management at BRI Medan, supported by digital policy documents and performance reports. The analysis focused on digital competencies, participant satisfaction, team performance impact, and regional implementation scale. Initial results indicate that the program emphasizes digital literacy, cybersecurity, the use of digital platforms, basic data analytics, and digital customer service. There was an improvement in skills and adaptability despite challenges such as limited training resources, varying employee profiles, and the need for job-specific customization. Positive impacts on operational efficiency and digital customer satisfaction were identified, with the acceleration of data-driven initiatives. The discussion highlights sustainable design, routine monitoring and evaluation, and the integration of the program into career paths. Policy implications: expansion of the program at Medan branches with a clear budget and strengthening the digital learning ecosystem. This study provides a practical overview of how BUMN, particularly BRI Medan, manages digital transformation through regional competency development.

Digital transformation has become a crucial requirement for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to enhance their competitiveness in the technological era. This study aims to examine the trends and challenges faced by MSMEs in the digitalization process through a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. A total of 35 scholarly articles published within the last five years were analyzed using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that the digitalization trends among MSMEs encompass the adoption of cloud-based technologies, the use of social media for marketing, the utilization of e-commerce platforms, and the integration of digital financial systems. However, the main challenges identified include low digital literacy, limited infrastructure, relatively high implementation costs, resistance to change, and insufficient policy support. This study not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the current state of MSME digital transformation but also identifies research gaps that have been rarely discussed. Furthermore, it offers strategic directions for researchers, MSME practitioners, and policymakers to develop more targeted strategies in accelerating and expanding digital transformation within Indonesia’s MSME sector.

Digital transformation has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of public service delivery worldwide, with e-government emerging as a critical mechanism for enhancing government efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of e-government implementation in Indonesia, examining the trajectory of digital transformation in public services, the institutional frameworks supporting this transition, and the multifaceted impacts on service quality and governance outcomes. Through systematic literature review and critical policy analysis, this research explores the evolution of Indonesia's e-government initiatives from early adoption to current comprehensive digital service platforms, investigating both successes and persistent challenges. The findings reveal that Indonesia has made substantial progress in developing e-government infrastructure and applications across national and local government levels, with notable achievements including integrated digital identity systems, online business licensing platforms, and citizen complaint management systems. These initiatives have demonstrably improved service accessibility, reduced processing times, minimized corruption opportunities, and enhanced government responsiveness. However, implementation remains uneven across regions and government institutions, constrained by factors including digital infrastructure disparities, limited digital literacy among citizens and officials, organizational resistance to change, inadequate interoperability between systems, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The research identifies critical success factors for effective e-government implementation including strong leadership commitment, adequate resource allocation, comprehensive capacity building programs, citizen-centric design principles, robust legal frameworks, and collaborative partnerships between government, private sector, and civil society.

Transformational leadership is an important paradigm in strengthening modern governance that is oriented towards innovation, accountability, and public service. This research aims to examine the concepts, roles, and challenges of transformational leadership in the context of the Indonesian public sector through a literature study approach. The study was conducted on 15 open academic sources relevant to digital bureaucratic issues, apparatus work motivation, and organizational reform. The results of the study show that transformational leadership is able to increase performance effectiveness, strengthen employee commitment, and accelerate the digital transformation of the bureaucracy through an inspiring vision, intellectual stimulation, and individual attention to subordinates. In addition, this leadership contributes to the formation of a collaborative work culture and the improvement of public service innovations that are adaptive to the needs of the community. However, its implementation still faces structural obstacles, such as hierarchical culture, resistance to change, weak digital competence of the apparatus, and limited policy and human resource support. Therefore, a strong integration between transformational values, adaptive leadership competencies, and good governance principles is needed to drive sustainable and performance-oriented bureaucratic change that is superior to public performance.

This study examines the influence of Islamic education policy on the development of students' religious character at MAS Laboratory IAIN SU Medan. The background of this study lies in the importance of Islamic educational institutions in shaping not only students' intellectual capacity but also their spiritual and moral identity. The study also examines how educational policies relate to curriculum, learning processes, institutional culture, and teacher roles contr To get data from teachers, students, and school administrators, a qualitative descriptive approach was used, which included observations, interviews, and documentation. The results show that students' development of religious character is significantly impacted by the adoption of Islamic education policies. Key elements that support students' faith, self-discipline, and moral principles include teacher modeling, consistent religious practices in school activities, and integrated learning between religious and general courses. Nevertheless, issues like uneven policy implementation and low teacher proficiency continue to impede the best possible results. According to the study, maintaining and enhancing kids' religious character formation in Islamic educational contexts requires professional teacher development, continuous policy execution, and close community, parent, and school involvement.