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This research is based on the limited use of learning media among teachers, although the media is important to support 21st century learning that should utilize technology. The lack of special media for multiplication materials in grade III of elementary school causes learning to be less in line with the stage of cognitive development of students. Usually, teachers use lecture methods and multiplication tables, which makes students tend to only listen and memorize. As a solution, researchers developed the Interactive Multiplication Stacking Board media, which aims to facilitate the understanding of the concept of multiplication through the repeated multiplication approach so that students can understand the concept of multiplication concretely. This research aims to design, develop, and test the feasibility of the learning media. The method used is Design-Based Research with the Reeves model, which includes problem identification, prototype development based on relevant theories, as well as product testing and improvement through validity tests and repeated trials. The final result of this research is the Interactive Multiplication Stacking Board learning media that is ready to be used to support multiplication learning in class III in elementary school.

Every student has different learning needs. Students have the right to receive learning needs that are appropriate to their individual development. One of the learning models that supports students is differentiation learning. Differentiated learning is a pedagogical approach designed to meet diverse learning needs among students by adapting methods, materials and learning environments. This article discusses how differentiated learning can develop students' cognitive and social abilities in elementary schools. This type of research article uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method. This literature comes from research results limited to articles from the last 10 years.

The Social Cognitive Theory proposed by Albert Bandura emphasizes that learning occurs largely through the process of observation. Teachers play an important role as models who provide direct examples so that students can understand and imitate a particular action or skill. This study aims to describe the implementation of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory through modeling strategies in Islamic Jurisprudence learning on the material "Ablution Procedures" in class IA MI Al Ikhlas. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the research subjects being Islamic Jurisprudence subject teachers for class I and 25 class IA students. The research objects include the application of Bandura's modeling theory in Islamic Jurisprudence learning and students' abilities in practicing ablution procedures. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the application of modeling strategies in Islamic Jurisprudence learning consists of three stages, namely: (1) the planning stage, where the teacher prepares a learning plan; (2) the implementation stage, which includes four core processes, namely attention (students pay attention to examples from the teacher), retention (students record information in memory), reproduction (students practice ablution procedures), and motivation (the teacher provides reinforcement in the form of praise or rewards); and (3) the evaluation stage, which is carried out through written, oral and practical tests. The application of this theory has proven effective in improving students' ability to practice ablution correctly.

The purpose of this study is to modify aggression behavior through CBT techniques or cognitive behavioral therapy over a 20-day period. The research method used is using a qualitative approach method. This research also uses an action research approach in providing results to change behavior for the better. In addition, the research also uses descriptive qualitative research in analyzing the data collected during the research process. CBT techniques or cognitive behavioral therapy based on Beck Theory, the three informants learned to recognize negative feelings and thoughts experienced, through situations or events that triggered negative feelings and thoughts in the informants. It can be interpreted that informants will learn to improve skills in how to think, emotion, and act. Therefore, it can be seen that the result of this study is that the CBT Technique with Beck's Theory is sufficient to provide good results in dealing with the three informants who are still relatively young. This CBT technique corrects deviant thoughts in terms of emotions and behavior towards a better direction. Research informants can reduce aggression by 80% from 10-20 times a day to 1-5 times a day.

Scabies is an infectious skin disease caused by Sarcopes Scabei. Scabies. This service aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of students at Al-Mu'aawanah Islamic Boarding School regarding the prevention of scabies through the empowerment of the Al-Mu'aawanah Santri Organization (OSAMU) and the Pesantren Health Post (Poskestren) with a cognitive approach using video media. Methods: the service used was health counseling which was attended by 65 respondents. The results showed a significant increase in santri knowledge related to the prevention of scabies, from 38.5% before intervention to 92.3% after counseling. Counseling using video media proved to be more interesting and effective in increasing knowledge than conventional methods.

As the elderly experience increasing age, it causes gradual physical and psychological decline, one of the problems faced by the elderly is cognitive impairment in the form of decreased memory. One effort to prevent cognitive decline in the elderly is to regularly do a brain gym. The aim of this community service is that the elderly can understand what cognitive decline is and how to prevent cognitive decline. The research method was carried out using a community service approach at the Arjuna Klampok Elderly Posyandu, Malang Regency by providing counseling about "Cognitive Decline" using leaflet media.

Impaired cognitive function is still a serious health problem that can cause psychological and socio-economic impacts in the form of social isolation and financial difficulties, delayed mobility, and worsening of other symptoms as well as reducing quality of life. As a basis for elderly health services, it is hoped that healthy elderly people will remain healthy. by optimizing physical, mental, cognitive and spiritual functions, through promotive and preventive efforts, including elderly empowerment activities. This counseling aims to assess cognitive function using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the elderly at Posyandu for the elderly RW 8 Tanjung Rejo, Malang City. The method given is an examination using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. The counseling process went smoothly. The results of the examination showed that the majority of elderly people had normal cognitive conditions. A good lifestyle can reduce the risk of dementia.

Penelitian ini mendalami pentingnya memahami karakteristik individu peserta didik dalam merancang proses pembelajaran yang efektif agar pembelajaran dapat mencapai tujuan secara menyeluruh untuk peserta didik. Karakteristik peserta didik adalah faktor-faktor yang ada pada diri peserta didik yang tiap individunya memiliki ciri berbeda dengan individu yang lain. Dengan mengkaji berbagai teori dan penelitian, studi ini menyoroti peran krusial perbedaan individu dalam menentukan keberhasilan belajar. Artikel ini menekankan pentingnya menyesuaikan strategi pembelajaran dengan karakteristik kognitif, afektif, psikomotor, dan sosial peserta didik. Penelitian ini juga membahas berbagai metode untuk menilai karakteristik peserta didik melalui assesmen diagnostik kognitif maupun assesmen diagnostik nonkognitif seperti melalui observasi, tes, dan wawancara. Selain itu, dibahas pula penerapan penilaian ini dalam merancang pembelajaran yang berdiferensiasi dan berbasis proyek. Dengan menyesuaikan pembelajaran dengan kebutuhan individu, pendidik dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan, motivasi, dan prestasi peserta didik sehingga apa yang menjadi tujuan dari suatu pembelajaran dapat secara maksimal. Pemahaman yang mendalam tentang karakteristik peserta didik sangat penting untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang inklusif dan efektif. Dengan mempertimbangkan faktor seperti gaya belajar, minat, dan pengetahuan awal, pendidik dapat memupuk pendekatan pembelajaran yang lebih berpusat pada peserta didik sehingga pembelajaran akan lebih bermakna dan dapat mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiagnosis kesulitan belajar yang dihadapi oleh siswa/i di SMP Negeri 15 Dumai dalam proses belajar mereka. Kesulitan belajar dapat mempengaruhi hasil akademik dan perkembangan sosial siswa secara signifikan, sehingga identifikasi yang tepat sangat penting untuk perbaikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui angket dan wawancara. Angket disebarkan kepada siswa untuk mengumpulkan data kuantitatif tentang pengalaman dan tantangan yang mereka hadapi dalam belajar. Hasil dari angket ini kemudian diserahkan kepada guru untuk dianalisis dan digunakan dalam wawancara guna menggali informasi tambahan tentang faktor-faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar dari perspektif guru. Analisis data mengidentifikasi penyebab utama kesulitan belajar, termasuk faktor individu seperti kemampuan kognitif dan motivasi, serta faktor pedagogis seperti metode pengajaran dan kualitas materi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan belajar di SMP Negeri 15 Dumai dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor internal dan eksternal, termasuk metode pengajaran yang kurang efektif dan dukungan akademik yang terbatas. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi yang berguna bagi guru dalam merancang strategi intervensi yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses belajar siswa/i.

In the industrial era 4.0 which stands out for its technology, learning activities must also use learning innovations. One of these learning activities is a cognitive diagnostic assessment. The assessment aims to identify the basic abilities, strengths, and abilities of students. In learning the new paradigm, diagnostic assessment has an important role, one of which is as material for designing future learning. This study aims to describe the use of the Wordwall website-based application used for cognitive diagnostic assessment. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data in the study were obtained from questionnaires distributed to students randomly. The data source is class VII students of SMP Negeri 34 Semarang. In this study it was shown the results of his research, namely the use of Wordwall was able to represent the abilities of students with a percentage of 75.8%. In addition, the use of Wordwall is able to give a pleasant impression to students with a percentage of 100%. All respondents also responded that the use of Wordwall was able to attract students' interest in learning the material to be studied. ‎

Madformakeup, a local cosmetic brand, collaborated with the movie Mean Girls in September 2023, launched a campaign through the hashtag #MakeFetchHappen on Instagram. This study aims to assess the impact of the frequency, attention, and duration of exposure to this campaign's Instagram content on purchasing decisions, mediated by the cognitive responses of followers of @madformakeup.co. Utilizing quantitative methods and path analysis, the study surveyed 79 respondents who commented on a giveaway post related to the collaboration on October 1, 2023. Data were collected through questionnaires and literature reviews. Findings reveal that the frequency, attention, and duration of exposure to the campaign content significantly affect purchasing decisions. Among these factors, the product/message thoughts cognitive response of followers—how they process and think about the product and message—shows the strongest influence on their purchasing choices.

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the Effect of Contextual Teaching And Learning Model on Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes on Theme 5 Subtheme 3 Class III SDN Batang-Batang Daya II. This research is a quantitative study that uses the experimental method, with a Pre-Experimental design using the One-Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design. Data collection was carried out using the sampling method from the population. The number of students sampled was 21 students. Data was collected through giving Pre-Test and Post-Test questions. The results showed that the application of the Contextual Teaching and learning (CTL) learning model had a significant impact on student learning outcomes. The significance level of the results of the Paired sample T-Test test shows a value of 0.000, this indicates that there is a significant difference found in the effect. Based on the testing criteria if the Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05 (0.000<0.05) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that there is a significant influence in the application of the Contextual Teaching And Learning Model on Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes on Theme 5 Subtheme 3 Class III SDN Batang-Batang Daya II.

This research aims to determine the effect of peer teaching learning methods on students' cognitive learning outcomes in mathematics subjects in class V at SDN 167 Pekanbaru. The method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method with the dependent variable being student learning outcomes, the independent variable being the Peer Teaching method. Research was carried out through planning, action implementation, observation and evaluation stages. The subjects of this research were determined using purposive sampling, namely class Vb SDN 167 Pekanbaru, totaling 30 people. Data was collected using student activity observation sheets and knowledge tests. The collected data was analyzed using quantitative analysis. The results of the research show that the peer teaching learning method can influence the cognitive learning outcomes of class V students at SDN 167 Pekanbaru in Mathematics learning by 71.69%, namely in the high category G > 70%

Pemanfaatan spektrum gelombang radio telah meningkat pesat dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, namun tidak sejalan dengan ketersediaan frekuensi yang tersedia untuk pengguna. Fenomena ini diperparah oleh banyaknya pita frekuensi yang tidak digunakan oleh pemiliknya, yang menciptakan spectrum holes atau white spaces. Dalam konteks ini, teknologi Cognitive radio (CR) menjadi penting karena memungkinkan pengguna sekunder (secondary user) untuk mengakses dan menggunakan spectrum holes tanpa mengganggu pengguna primer (primary user). CR memungkinkan adaptabilitas perangkat radio dengan memanfaatkan cognitive cycle, dengan tahap utamanya adalah Spectrum sensing, di mana perangkat CR mencari spectrum holes dalam spektrum radio yang tersedia. Tahap berikutnya, Spectrum analysis dan Spectrum Decision, memungkinkan CR untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan spektrum sesuai dengan kondisi yang ditemui. Paper ini bertujuan untuk melakukan tinjauan singkat terhadap implementasi CR, khususnya pada aspek spectrum sensing. Kami mengevaluasi berbagai teknik spectrum sensing, mengidentifikasi kelebihan, kekurangan, serta tantangan yang dihadapi. Dengan teknologi CR, pemborosan sumber daya spektrum dapat diminimalkan dan efisiensi komunikasi nirkabel dapat ditingkatkan. Paper ini memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang pengembangan terbaru dalam spectrum sensing pada jaringan radio kognitif, serta memberikan panduan bagi penelitian dan implementasi di masa depan.

Cognitive domain assessment is an important component in the learning process which aims to measure students' mastery of knowledge and thinking abilities. This research presents the concepts, principles and implementation of cognitive assessment in education through literature studies. Bloom's Taxonomy revised by Anderson and Krathwohl divides the cognitive domain into six levels: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, analyzing, and creating. Developing an effective cognitive assessment instrument requires systematic planning, starting from determining objectives to analyzing question items. Various assessment techniques such as multiple choice tests, short content, descriptions, and true and false can be used according to learning objectives. Challenges in implementing cognitive assessments include difficulties in designing instruments that measure higher-order thinking abilities. A deep understanding of the principles and techniques of cognitive assessment is essential for educators to improve the quality of learning and assessment.  

This research aims to develop and implement cognitive assessment instruments in Indonesian language education, with a focus on improving students' high-level thinking abilities. The validity and reliability of this instrument were tested through a series of tests in various schools. The research results show that this instrument is effective in measuring students' abilities in analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The use of technology in assessment instruments increases the efficiency of the evaluation process, although challenges related to technology infrastructure in some schools require special attention. Feedback from students indicated that the instrument was perceived as relevant and motivating, supporting the importance of authentic assessment practices. Overall, this research emphasizes the importance of a collaborative and comprehensive approach in improving students' learning and their preparation for future demands.  

Assessment seeks to determine whether educational goals are achieved or not, so that evaluation has a very large role in the world of education. Effective and efficient evaluations are carried out continuously and comprehensively, it is hoped that educators can get a complete picture of the achievements and progress of the process and learning outcomes achieved by students. Each subject emphasizes continuous evaluation, referring to comprehensive goals and results. Among the domains of differentiation in education is the cognitive domain. Cognitive assessment is an activity carried out to measure students' mastery of knowledge. The assessment of cognitive aspects is carried out through stages: preparing an assessment plan, developing an assessment instrument, carrying out the assessment, utilizing the assessment results, and reporting the assessment results in the form of numbers on a scale of 0-100 and description.

An elderly person is someone who reaches the age of > 60 years. This increase in age will result in a decrease in the ability of the body's functions, one of which is the nervous system, namely a mild, moderate decline in cognitive function and even dementia. Severe dementia will result in elderly people being unable to carry out activities so that they will experience elderly people who are not prosperous and happy. To overcome this, puzzle therapy is needed. Puzzle therapy is a game of arranging certain shapes until they become a complete image or form a certain pattern. This is to stimulate and improve the cognitive function of the brain. It is known that nursing care for elderly people with decreased cognitive function is provided by providing puzzle therapy. This case study uses a descriptive method with a nursing process approach carried out on 3 clients using a One Group Pretest Posttest puzzle therapy research design on cognitive function in the elderly. The implementation results showed that there was a change in the MMSE score after being given puzzle therapy for 5 consecutive days, namely Mrs. F from 21 to 23, Mrs. L from 22 to 24 while Mrs. E of 16 and still has a score of 16. The average MMSE score which increased after being given puzzle therapy was 2 scores. It is hoped that the results of this case study can become an application for implementing puzzle therapy to improve cognitive function in the elderly where caregivers or nursing home staff can also make puzzle therapy a routine activity that can be carried out every week at the Dharma Bhakti KM 7 Palembang Nursing Home.

Cognitive impairment is a neuropsychological condition characterized by a decline in cognitive functions that interferes with daily activities. Cognitive impairment in elderly can lead to the decrease in quality of life. One of the factors causing cognitive impairment is high triglyceride level. Therefore, this community service activity is carried out to increase awareness and knowledge about hypertriglyceridemia and cognitive disorders through education and health screening. The activity method with PDCA is implemented to ensure a systematic and effective approach. Preventive efforts are needed through education on healthy eating pattern, physical activity, and routine screening to control triglyceride levels and prevent cognitive impairment in the elderly.

Science education in early childhood plays a crucial role in their cognitive and creative development. Science education in early childhood also has a vital role in supporting cognitive and creative development. This research aims to explore the benefits provided by science education in stimulating critical thinking, problem solving and innovation skills in children. Through qualitative and quantitative approaches, data is collected from various sources, including classroom observations, interviews with educators, and analysis of children's learning outcomes. The results showed that children who were involved in science activities from an early age showed significant improvements in cognitive skills such as memory, concentration and analytical abilities. Apart from that, science education has also been proven to encourage children's creativity by enriching their imagination and ability to think outside the box. This article concludes that the integration of science education in the PAUD curriculum not only supports children's intellectual development but also forms a strong foundation for creativity and innovation in the future. Therefore, it is important for educators and policy makers to recognize and prioritize science education as an essential component in early childhood education, science education must be a top priority in early childhood education strategies by educators and policy makers.