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Social media has become a double-edged sword; acting as a space for religious learning while simultaneously serving as a medium for spreading radicalism. As digital natives, students are vulnerable to extremist narratives if not equipped with adequate cognitive immunity. This study aims to examine the influence of Digital Religious Literacy and Critical Thinking skills on the resilience of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) students in countering radical narratives. Using a quantitative approach with a correlational method, this study involved 30 PAI students selected through random sampling. Data collection instruments used a Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that: (1) The level of digital religious literacy and counter-radicalism attitudes of students were in the "very high" category with mean scores of 22.40 and 23.00 respectively; (2) There is a significant positive relationship (Sig. < 0.05) between digital literacy and critical thinking towards the attitude of countering radicalism; and (3) Simultaneously, these two variables contributed 68.2% in forming students' mental resilience in the digital space. These findings imply the need for a reorientation of the PAI curriculum that integrates the strengthening of critical reasoning and digital literacy as a fortress of religious moderation.

Syiir is a series of beautiful and refined words composed through linguistic strength and rich imaginative expression. In the context of Islamic da’wah, syiir has long been used as one of the media or approaches by preachers (da’i) to convey religious messages to the community in a persuasive manner that touches emotional aspects. Explicitly, syiir has the ability to stimulate feelings, develop inner awareness, and instill moral and spiritual values, as reflected in various narratives and practices of earlier religious figures. This study, using an integrative–interconnective approach, aims to examine Madurese syiir composed by KH. Musfik Al-Karawi and broadcast through the amateur radio medium YG3AMP, with a focus on the level of community understanding and the resulting social impacts. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The findings indicate that the Madurese syiir by KH. Musfik Al-Karawi provides a good level of understanding for the community and generates various positive social impacts. One of the most significant impacts is the transformation of community behavior, reflected in changes from unfavorable attitudes to better ones, and from good behavior to even better conduct in daily life.

The 21st century is marked by a profound transformation in digital communication. Social media has become a new public space, enabling people to interact, disseminate information, and shape public opinion rapidly and massively. This article analyzes the role of social media in shaping public opinion and its influence on the dynamics of government policy in Indonesia. Through a literature review and case analysis of policies influenced by viral issues on social media, this study finds that social media increases citizen participation and accelerates government responses to public issues. However, the pattern of 'viral-based policy' also carries risks, such as reactive policies, a lack of evidence-based policies, and inequality in representation. To manage this phenomenon, the government needs to develop an inclusive digital communication strategy, establish an early detection system for public sentiment, and uphold the principles of good governance and evidence-based policy. These findings are relevant for academics and policymakers seeking to understand the interaction between social media, public opinion, and government policy in the digital era.

The widespread use of TikTok across all age groups, including schoolchildren, has raised concerns regarding their social-emotional development. This study aims to analyze the impact of TikTok use on the social-emotional development of elementary school children aged 7-12. The study used a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through questionnaires with 17 students in the Jepara area, as well as questionnaires with 10 parents as supporting data. The results indicate that TikTok use has both positive and negative impacts. Positively, TikTok increases self-confidence, creativity, and facilitates conversation in social interactions. However, negatively, 64.7% of students use TikTok for more than two hours per day, 70.6% of children feel anxious if not accessing TikTok, and 47.1% experience sleep disturbances. Furthermore, the social-emotional aspect presents a serious challenge, with anger or irritation arising when usage time is limited. This study concludes that although children prioritize learning, the negative impact of TikTok on social-emotional learning requires active parental supervision.

This qualitative research, employing a literature review method, aims to dissect the massive influence of digital media on the shifting social structures of Generation Z. The findings indicate that technology has transformed interaction patterns from physical encounters to continuous digital communication, creating new forms of sociability that are expansive yet often superficial. The process of identity formation now relies heavily on self-curation in cyberspace, where digital metrics serve as benchmarks for validation, frequently triggering psychological pressure. This phenomenon also impacts the weakening of traditional parental authority due to the intergenerational digital divide. Although Gen Z is adept at building social capital through interest-based virtual communities, the risk of polarization remains a concern. Regarding value orientation, there is a shift toward authenticity and work flexibility that prioritizes personal meaning. Given its ambivalent impact on mental health, the study concludes that a synergy of robust digital literacy, strengthened family roles, and platform policies prioritizing user well-being is essential to navigate this social transformation.

The development of social media has shifted the way humans interpret spirituality and construct self-identity, giving rise to the phenomenon of digital religiosity that is all-visual, instant, and performative. This study aims to analyze how representations of spirituality in social media culture contribute to the crisis of self in modern humans, by interpreting this phenomenon through the metaphysical perspective of Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design that enriches digital ethnography, this study collects data through documentation of spirituality-themed content on TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube, as well as a literature review of Nasr's works and literature related to digital spirituality. Thematic analysis shows that spirituality in social media is formed through symbolic aestheticization, the commodification of religious values, and identity performances oriented towards algorithms and public validation. These findings demonstrate the symptoms of the desacralization of modernity as criticized by Nasr, namely the erosion of spiritual depth due to the dominance of images and the narrowing of transcendent meaning. This study emphasizes that social media is not just a medium, but a space for the formation of consciousness that can facilitate and endeavor the spiritual search of modern humans. Theoretically, this research contributes to the study of digital spirituality and the critique of modernity; In practice, he encourages more critical digital literacy so that people can manage spiritual experiences more authentically.

The air quality index in Depok City has declined over the past three years based on data from the Depok City Environmental Agency. In response to this condition, the Depok City Government implemented a Car Free Day (CFD) policy every Sunday along Jalan Margonda Raya. The CFD program aims to improve environmental quality and air conditions while encouraging public participation in healthy activities. The success of this policy depends on how effectively information regarding the rules and objectives of CFD is disseminated to the public by the Depok City Government Public Relations Office. This study aims to analyze the communication strategy employed by the Depok City Government Public Relations Office in disseminating the Car Free Day policy and to identify obstacles encountered during the dissemination process. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach through media monitoring, direct observation, and analysis of government documents.

Socio-economic challenges faced by tuberculosis (TB) survivors in Indonesia remain substantial, particularly stigma that restricts employment opportunities and hinders social reintegration. This community service program aimed to strengthen the economic capacity of TB survivors through a community-based empowerment approach and health information dissemination via social media. The program involved a TB survivor community in the partner area of the Lampung Sehat Initiative. A participatory method was applied through entrepreneurship training, digital content production assistance, and the distribution of health education materials using Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. The results indicate that social media was effective not only as a platform for health education but also as a promotional tool for participants’ micro-business products. In addition to improving public literacy regarding TB, social media contributed to stigma reduction by delivering positive narratives and reinforcing the collective identity of the survivor community. The program also encouraged behavioral change, supported the emergence of local leadership, and expanded participants’ social and economic networks. These findings suggest that integrating social media into community-based empowerment initiatives can serve as a social transformation strategy that enhances the sustainability of economic development and social support for TB survivors.

The utilization of digital technology in the Industry 4.0 era has become crucial for vocational high school (SMK) students to build economic independence. However, partners at SMKN 1 Selo still face obstacles in optimizing social media and digital platforms as effective promotional tools for student work and self-development. This community service activity aims to enhance students' understanding and skills in using social media (Instagram, TikTok) and other digital platforms as creative marketing instruments. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach through participatory training, which includes material presentation on digital branding strategies, visual content creation practices, and copywriting techniques. The results of the activity indicate a significant improvement in students' technical abilities, where they demonstrated the capacity to produce engaging promotional content and understand social media algorithms to reach a wider audience. This study aims to describe the process and impact of utilizing social media and digital platforms as promotional tools for SMKN 1 Selo students. The primary focus of this activity is to provide a deep understanding of personal branding strategies and creative product marketing in the digital age. Through this program, it is expected that SMKN 1 Selo students will possess higher digital competitiveness and the ability to leverage the digital ecosystem to support the promotion of vocational products and their professional profiles in the future.

This study is motivated by the crucial role of government public relations in managing effective communication in the digital era, particularly through cooperation with online media to ensure public information is delivered widely, accurately, and credibly. The research aims to analyze the implementation of media relations strategies carried out by the Public Relations Office of the South Tangerang City Social Service, focusing on three main aspects: managing media relations, developing information dissemination strategies, and building cooperative networks with online media. This study employs a qualitative approach using descriptive methods, with data collected through in-depth interviews and documentation. The theoretical framework is based on Yosal Iriantara’s (2019) media relations strategy, which emphasizes relationship management, communication strategies, and network development. The findings indicate that media relations are implemented through formal and informal communication, openness to media needs, the preparation of informative and community-oriented content, and continuous formal and informal collaboration with online media. Overall, the implementation of media relations strategies contributes to building a positive institutional image and enhancing public trust, although challenges remain, including limited advertorial budgets and human resource constraints.

The development of social media has encouraged students to be more active in interacting, sharing information, and establishing relationships online. However, the high intensity of social media use also increases the risk of personal data leakage. This literature study aims to examine the relationship between privacy awareness and students' safe behavior in social media use. The research was conducted by examining various sources, including scientific journals, articles, research reports, books, and online references relevant to digital security issues. The results of the study show that privacy awareness has a significant role in shaping students' safe behavior. This awareness is reflected through the practice of using strong passwords, the implementation of two-factor authentication, and prudence in sharing personal information in the digital space. Although knowledge about digital threats is quite adequate, students' safe behavior is still influenced by the level of internalization of privacy awareness. Therefore, increasing privacy awareness requires not only information, but also educational strategies that emphasize the formation of consistent digital attitudes and habits. This study makes an important contribution to understanding the relationship between privacy awareness and safe behavior, as well as being the basis for the development of more effective digital literacy programs among students.

This study aims to describe users' experiences and perceptions regarding the presence of malicious comments on social media, particularly on TikTok and Instagram. Data were collected through an online questionnaire using Google Forms containing eight open-ended questions, then analyzed using a descriptive qualitative approach through thematic analysis. The results showed that all respondents had and frequently encountered malicious comments, especially on viral content or creator accounts with large followings. The most common forms of malicious comments included body shaming, insults, defamation, and belittling and demeaning comments. Respondents expressed various emotional reactions such as discomfort, sadness, anger, and pity, although a small number felt normal due to their familiarity with the phenomenon. Factors that drive someone to make malicious comments include following the crowd (FOMO), envy, personal dislike, and the ease of expressing negative opinions on social media. Malicious comments also impact user comfort, with most feeling disturbed and uncomfortable. Respondents' responses to malicious comments included ignoring, responding positively to reprimands, blocking accounts, or reporting the comments. Respondents also proposed several efforts to reduce malicious comments, such as limiting or closing the comment section and increasing education regarding social media ethics. Overall, this study confirms that malicious comments are a common phenomenon on social media and need to be addressed through better personal awareness and digital literacy.

This study examines the utilization of social media in improving the competitiveness of cassava chips and lidah manis SMEs in Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. The rapid development of information technology has encouraged SMEs to shift from conventional marketing methods to more effective and efficient digital marketing practices. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving SME actors. The results indicate that the use of social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram is able to expand market reach, increase product visibility, and strengthen relationships between business owners and consumers. Attractive promotional content, consistency in posting, and responsive communication are proven to influence consumer buying interest and trust. However, SMEs still face challenges, including limited digital literacy, time management constraints, and the lack of structured marketing strategies. Therefore, continuous training and assistance are needed so that SMEs can optimize the use of social media more effectively. This study is expected to serve as a reference for the development of digital-based SMEs in rural areas.

This study aims to identify factors associated with fast food consumption behavior among adolescents based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) through a literature review. A descriptive literature review was conducted using nine peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025, retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The findings indicate that adolescent fast food consumption behavior is influenced by two main components of SCT, namely personal factors and environmental factors. Personal factors were predominantly examined through the knowledge variable, which showed inconsistent associations with fast food consumption, while other personal variables, although mostly related, lacked consistent empirical support across studies. In contrast, environmental factors demonstrated more consistent associations, particularly peer influence, mass media exposure, parental influence, and pocket money, which were repeatedly identified as significant determinants of fast food consumption among adolescents. In conclusion, adolescent fast food consumption behavior is more strongly influenced by environmental factors than by personal factors, highlighting the importance of multi-level interventions that address social and environmental contexts in shaping healthy eating behaviors among adolescents.

This study is motivated by the rapid development of digital technology, which has positioned social media as an essential tool for disseminating information and conducting promotion, including in the field of arts and culture. Sanggar Mahligai in Siak Regency, as an institution dedicated to preserving Malay traditional dance, utilizes social media to expand its informational reach, attract public interest, and maintain the existence of traditional arts amid modern lifestyle changes. This research aims to describe how social media is used as a medium for information dissemination and promotion by Sanggar Mahligai. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the head of the sanggar, social media administrators, and followers of the sanggar’s social media accounts. The findings show that Instagram and TikTok serve as the main platforms for sharing information related to training schedules, performance activities, new member registration, and activity documentation. Visual content, the use of trending formats, and active interaction with the audience significantly increase public engagement and interest in the sanggar’s activities. These results indicate that social media plays an important role in strengthening the sanggar’s visibility, fostering two-way communication, and supporting the preservation of Malay cultural arts through consistent and strategic digital practices.  

The advancement of digital technology has triggered a transformation in the teaching and learning process, including in the teaching of Economics at the senior high school level. Social media, which initially served merely as a communication tool, is now utilized as an interactive and easily accessible alternative learning resource. This study aims to describe how social media is used in the Economics learning process at SMA Panca Marga Lamongan and to identify its benefits and challenges. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with purposive sampling, involving one Economics teacher and eleventh-grade social science students. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then processed and examined using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña analysis model. The findings show that social media platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok enhance students’ understanding of economic concepts in a more contextual and visual manner, as well as foster learning independence and participation. However, challenges include difficulties in filtering credible information and the potential for distraction when usage is not well-controlled. Thus, social media can serve as an effective learning resource when supported by strong digital literacy, clear teacher guidance, and proper management of its use.

Social media has become an alternative space for emotional expression among university students, particularly as a medium for sharing personal problems or emotional distress. This study aims to examine the effect of social media use as a venting platform on the mental health of students at STAIN Mandailing Natal. A quantitative associative research design was employed, involving 25 fifth-semester students as respondents. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire measuring the intensity of social media venting behavior and mental health indicators, including stress, anxiety, mood, and self-confidence. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests, including correlation and simple linear regression. The findings indicate that social media use as a place for venting has a significant relationship with students’ mental health. Positive responses received through social media tend to improve emotional well-being, while negative responses may increase stress and anxiety levels. These findings suggest that social media can function both as a supportive and risky environment for students’ mental health, depending on how it is used. Therefore, students are encouraged to use social media wisely, and educational institutions are advised to provide mental health literacy and guidance related to healthy social media use.

Social media has become an important element in the public relations strategy of government agencies, including the Human Resources Development Agency (BPSDM) of the Ministry of Public Works (PU). Instagram, as the most popular platform in the world, plays a strategic role in disseminating institutional information. This study focuses on analyzing the PR strategy of BPSDM PU through the management of the Instagram account @pu_bpsdm. The method used is descriptive qualitative through observation, interviews with the Public Communication Team, and literature study. The results of the study show that the PR strategy is implemented through four step according to Cutlip & Center, namely situation analysis, planning, communication implementation, and evaluation. Issue identification is carried out through a top-down and bottom-up approach to ensure that the message is in line with public needs and the agency's agenda. Content production is carried out in a structured manner with a multi-layered verification mechanism, while routine evaluations show a significant increase in engagement from 25.2% (June), 29.28% (July), to 40.84% (August). These findings confirm that the BPSDM PU's digital PR strategy is effective and contributes to strengthening the institution's image in the public communication sphere.

The advancement of technology has made social media a strategic platform for companies, including PLN Icon Plus, to build corporate image and reputation through public interaction and the promotion of Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL) programs. This study aims to identify and analyze effective social media management strategies and measure their effectiveness in improving the company's image. Employing a qualitative approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and content analysis on the PLN Icon Plus platform, conducted from August 19 to December 20, 2025. The findings indicate that the implemented strategies, which include rapid interaction, the use of engaging visuals (especially reels focusing on TJSL), collaboration with national news media, and publication of achievements, are proven effective. Instagram insights analysis showed a significant increase in content views, reach, and interaction from August to November 2025. The study concludes that proper social media management is essential for building a positive image, with implications for the need for continuous content innovation, active audience interaction, and routine evaluation to achieve future business goals.

Information security incidents within government institutions have become a critical issue due to their potential impact on public trust and socio-economic stability. This study examines the social and economic impacts of information security incidents at the General Election Commission (KPU) of Jambi Province. The research aims to identify the types of security incidents that occurred, analyze their social and economic consequences, and evaluate mitigation efforts implemented by the institution. This study employs a qualitative case study approach, using data collection techniques including document analysis, media reports, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The findings indicate that information security incidents significantly affect public trust in electoral institutions, increase public anxiety regarding personal data protection, and generate additional economic costs related to system recovery, security enhancement, and administrative delays. Furthermore, the incidents also indirectly affect voter participation and institutional reputation. The study highlights the importance of strengthening information security governance, improving human resource awareness, and implementing comprehensive risk management strategies. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the development of more resilient information security policies in public sector institutions, particularly in electoral management bodies.