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Penelitian ini mengkaji integrasi nilai-nilai budaya Huma Betang masyarakat Dayak Kalimantan Tengah sebagai fondasi spiritualitas ekologis bagi kaum muda Katolik. Melalui pendekatan diskursus teologis-kultural, studi ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana nilai belom bahadat (hidup bersama secara harmonis), handep (gotong royong), dan filosofi huma betang dapat diintegrasikan dengan prinsip ekologi integral Laudato Si'. Temuan menunjukkan nilai budaya lokal menjadi jembatan efektif antara iman Katolik dan identitas kulturan, menghasilkan spiritualitas ekologis kontekstual yang relevan. Strategi integrasi mencakup: transformasi paradigma iman dari antroposentris ke ekosentris, rekonstruksi pembinaan pastoral berbasis kearifan lokal, dan penguatan komunitas kaum muda sebagai agen perubahan ekologis. Penelitian berkontribusi pada pengembangan teologi kontekstual Indonesia yang mengangkat kearifan Dayak sebagai medium pewartaan iman sekaligus advokasi pelestarian lingkungan, menawarkan model inkulturasi yang responsif terhadap krisis ekologis kontemporer.

This report presents a comprehensive overview of the crucial role of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control systems in maintaining an optimal environment for premature neonates in modern infant incubators. The main focus is directed on the effectiveness of the PID system in regulating vital physiological parameters such as temperature, humidity, and stability of the baby's body temperature, which greatly determine the survival and development of the neonate. The PID control system is proven to be able to provide a fast and accurate response to changes in environmental conditions, thus maintaining parameter stability in real-time. The integration of PID technology with modern incubator devices enables precise automatic setup, supports energy efficiency, and improves patient safety and comfort. The report also discusses various PID tuning methods, such as Ziegler-Nichols and adaptive methods, which are used to improve the performance of the system in the face of environmental dynamics and individual characteristics of infants. Implementation challenges identified include system complexity, need for periodic calibration, and limited technical resources in healthcare facilities. However, continuous innovations in control design and algorithms have driven the evolution of incubator devices to be more intelligent and responsive. Thus, the PID control system plays a central role in supporting neonatal life-support technologies, while representing significant advances in biomedical engineering and intensive care of premature infants.

This study examines Azyumardi Azra’s interpretation of Islamization in the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago, highlighting its significance in both historical and contemporary discourse. Using a qualitative library research approach, the analysis draws on Azra’s key works, especially The Ulama Network: Southeast Asia and the Middle East in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, and is supported by recent scholarly literature. Azra challenges conventional theories that attribute Islamization mainly to trade, political authority, or intermarriage. Instead, he underscores the central role of ulama networks, the transmission of religious knowledge, and the influence of Sufism. His perspective reveals how intellectual chains connected Southeast Asian scholars to Middle Eastern centers of learning, particularly Mecca and Medina, thus situating Islam in the archipelago as an integral part of global Islamic scholarship. Furthermore, Azra emphasizes the adaptive and dialogical character of Islamization, whereby Islamic teachings were internalized through cultural accommodation, shaping the distinctive identity of Islam Nusantara as moderate, inclusive, and cosmopolitan. The findings suggest that Azra’s framework not only advances historiography but also contributes to contemporary debates on religious moderation and Indonesian Islamic identity. This study concludes that his intellectual model provides a valuable foundation for further research that incorporates social, political, and economic dimensions of Islamization.

This research highlights the importance of online presence in enhancing customer accessibility for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Facebook and Instagram were chosen as primary platforms due to their extensive and diverse user bases. Through a proper digital promotion approach, MSME practitioners can harness the features and tools provided by both platforms. Effectively targeting audiences, presenting visually appealing content, and actively engaging with customers are integral parts of this digital promotion optimization. Furthermore, the research explores various key metrics that can be used to measure the success of digital campaigns, including engagement rates, reach, and conversions. By understanding the full potential and benefits of digital promotion through Facebook and Instagram, it is hoped that MSMEs can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of their campaigns, achieving greater success in the competitive digital promotion landscape. This research provides practical insights for MSME practitioners seeking to optimize their presence and performance in the realm of digital promotion.

This study aims to discover the influence of teacher leadership and teacher communication skills on students' learning motivation in the Economics subject among tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Momunu, Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The study employed a quantitative approach using a descriptive study method. Primary data were collected by distributing questionnaires to tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Momunu, Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The total population consisted of 128 students, and a sample of 56 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS 21 software. The results of the study indicate that: (1) Teacher leadership has a positive and significant influence on students' learning motivation in Economics subject; (2) Teacher communication skills also have a positive and significant influence on students' learning motivation; and (3) Teacher leadership and communication skills simultaneously have a significant influence on students learning motivation in the Economics subject. This is supported by the coefficient of determination (R Square) value of 0.458, which means that 45.8% of the variance in students' learning motivation can be explained by teacher leadership and communication skills. In other words, Improved teacher leadership and communication skills are positively associated with increased student motivation in learning the Economics subject among tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Momunu, Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. Therefore, it is important for teachers to continuously develop their leadership qualities and communication abilities as integral components of an effective and motivating learning environment. The remaining 54.2% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

Literacy skills play an important  role in helping students clarify basic concepts, build relationships between concepts, reason and test each detail of each interrelated information and are able to derive each concept, thus students are accustomed to understanding each scientific process and activity carried out in Biology learning. The relationship between these two skills trains students to actively carry out in-depth scientific investigations.The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between scientific literacy skills and scientific explanation skills in empowering scientific reasoning skills through the application of the Remap-NHT (Reading Concept Map-Numbered Head Together) learning model. This study included a quasi-experiment using a non-equivalent pretest-post-test control group design with a total sample of 85 eleventh grade students in the Natural Sciences department at SMAN 4 Malang in the 2023/2024 academic year. The population was distributed into 3 groups. Scientific literacy skills and scientific reasoning skills were assessed using an essay test, while scientific explanation skills were assessed using an assessment rubric. Data analysis was tested using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that (1) there was a significant relationship between scientific literacy skills and scientific reasoning skills; (2) there is a significant relationship between scientific explanation skills and scientific reasoning skills; and (3) there is a significant relationship between scientific literacy skills and scientific explanation skills that have an integral effect on scientific reasoning skills. The interrelationship between scientific literacy skills, scientific explanation skills and scientific reasoning skills can be observed in the regression equation Y = 0.317 * X1 + 0.995 * X2 + 30.113. Based on the findings, it is concluded that Remap-NHT is able to improve students' scientific literacy skills, scientific explanation skills, and scientific reasoning skills, the interrelationships of which influence each other.

The character crisis and the weakening of Islamic understanding among the younger generation have become serious issues that need to be addressed starting from early childhood education. Kindergarten children are at a phase of fitrah development, which significantly determines the formation of their personality in the future. Islamic education is expected to provide a comprehensive solution in shaping the child's personality from an early age, balancing cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects. This study aims to examine the theoretical implementation of Islamic Montessori learning as a means of forming an integral Islamic personality in early childhood. Using a literature review approach and qualitative content analysis, this study examines various theories, previous research findings, and expert views sourced from books, journals, and scientific works related to early childhood education and Islamic education. The results show that Islamic Montessori significantly contributes to the development of an integral Islamic personality. Children not only develop cognitively and psychomotorically but also become accustomed to the habits of worship, discipline, responsibility, empathy, and respect for others. Through a conducive learning environment and direct practices of Islamic life, Islamic Montessori serves as a strategic tool in preparing a Muslim generation that is faithful, noble in character, with strong Islamic personality and independence.

PayLater services are becoming increasingly popular among the public, offering convenience and flexibility in meeting daily needs and lifestyle demands. However, uncontrolled use has the potential to cause financial problems that significantly impact both mental and physical health. This community service activity aims to increase the understanding of community leaders regarding healthy financial management and the health risks that may arise from a PayLater-based consumer lifestyle. The outreach program was conducted by KKM students from Bina Bangsa University Group 22 in Banjar Negara Village, Ciwandan District, Cilegon City, with 30 participants consisting of local RT and RW heads. Methods used included interactive lectures, discussions, and question-and-answer sessions that encouraged active participation and contextual sharing of experiences. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants’ awareness of the importance of financial literacy as an integral part of maintaining overall quality of life. Participants recognized that financial health is closely related to mental well-being, as excessive financial pressure can trigger stress, anxiety, and even chronic illnesses. The program also emphasized practical strategies such as budgeting, distinguishing needs from wants, and limiting PayLater use to essential needs only. It is expected that RT and RW heads who have participated can act as educational agents in their communities, spreading financial literacy and awareness of health risks. In the future, similar programs need to be expanded to other community groups, supported by digital media and cross-sector collaboration to create a financially independent and physically and mentally healthy society.

This study examines how women construct their social roles in managing dual responsibilities and maintaining work life balance through participation in the Women’s Cycling Community (WCC) Bandung. Using the social construction theory of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, which includes objectivation, externalization, and internalization, this research applies a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The key informants were members of WCC Bandung, while supporting informants included husbands, children, and a psychologist. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing with validity tested through triangulation and member checking. The findings show that women do not perceive dual roles as a burden but as an integral part of their identities. Family support, effective communication, and the presence of community are crucial in developing time management strategies and maintaining balance between domestic and professional responsibilities. The study also reveals that involvement in WCC Bandung provides women with a platform to express themselves, build solidarity, and gain emotional support from peers who share similar challenges. Cycling activities are not only a hobby but also serve as a medium for stress release, physical health improvement, and social networking. The study concludes that participation in WCC Bandung helps women construct an empowered, flexible, and harmonious self-identity through social support and a positive community environment, ultimately shaping a more holistic understanding of work life balance in their everyday lives.

Social media has become an integral part of adolescents' lives, offering quick access to information, including reproductive health information. However, exposure to inaccurate information can pose risks. This study aims to analyze the relationship between social media use and adolescent reproductive health knowledge and behavior. A quantitative research method with a cross-sectional approach and chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between the independent variable (social media use) and the dependent variable (reproductive health knowledge and behavior). The study population was all 10th grade students (23 students) and 11th grade students (30 students) at SMK Tamansiswa Boja Kendal. A sample of 53 respondents was taken using an accidental sampling technique, consisting of students who happened to be present and willing to participate during the study. The results showed that the majority of respondents (56.6%) had low social media usage intensity. The majority of respondents also had a high level of knowledge (75.5%) about reproductive health, with an average score of 8.13 and a median of 10. Most respondents (66.0%) demonstrated positive reproductive health behavior. However, the chi-square test results showed no significant relationship between social media use and levels of knowledge (p = 0.673) or reproductive health behavior (p = 0.495). Although social media did not show a significant direct relationship to adolescent reproductive health knowledge and behavior in the context of this study, the high levels of knowledge and positive behaviors found indicate that existing educational programs, both in schools and from other sources, have been effective. Further research with larger samples and wider geographic variation is needed to understand other factors that influence adolescent health behavior.

This study examines the implementation of care governance in environmental public administration by highlighting the role of non-human actors. Based on Actor–Network Theory (ANT), exploratory qualitative research was conducted in the densely populated area of Tanjungpinang (April–June 2025). In environmental management, success is determined not only by technical skills, but also by the capacity of citizens to manage digital documents, spatial data, and technological infrastructure. Through interviews, observations, and document analysis. This approach was chosen because it allows for in-depth exploration of complex, contextual, and previously unstudied social phenomena, especially in the context of care governance to involve the relationship between humans and non-human objects in the local government ecosystem. Findings show that flood sensors, digital SOPs, inter-agency WhatsApp groups, and monitoring dashboards function as actors that trigger, direct, and accelerate coordination and decision-making. The integration of sensors and dashboards automates early warnings and the distribution of instructions, enabling rapid response. Implications: digital systems need to be designed as administrative actors with ethics, accountability, and capacity building. This study concludes that the implementation of care governance in environmental public administration at the local level cannot be separated from the active role of non-human actors such as flood sensors, digital documents, and online communication systems. Findings show that entities Findings show that these entities function not only as technical tools, but also as an integral part of a decision-making network capable of directing, accelerating, and streamlining administrative responses to environmental situations.

The practice of surrogacy in Indonesia is growing despite the absence of clear legal regulations, creating uncertainty in the protection of surrogates, children, and those who use surrogacy services. Although several countries have regulations governing this practice, Indonesia still faces a legal vacuum that leaves many parties vulnerable to exploitation. This study aims to analyze aspects of legal protection, reproductive rights, children's interests, and women's dignity in the context of surrogacy in Indonesia, with the aim of formulating a more adaptive and equitable regulatory framework. The method used in this study is a normative juridical approach, with analysis using AMOS-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of relevant legal documents and existing scientific literature. This research involves an analysis of existing regulations, cases related to surrogacy, and the opinions of legal experts and the public. The results show significant differences in legal protection between surrogates and children involved in surrogacy practices. Furthermore, there is uncertainty regarding the status of children born through surrogacy practices, which impacts their rights, particularly in terms of legal recognition and access to their human rights. This study also emphasizes that protecting women's reproductive rights and maintaining their dignity must be an integral part of surrogacy regulations. Clear and comprehensive regulations have been shown to improve protection for surrogates, children, and other related parties, as well as prevent potential exploitation. The implications of this study are the importance of establishing legislation specifically governing surrogacy practices in Indonesia, where such policies must focus on justice, child rights protection, and gender equality.

Community service in Wedegan Hamlet, Sambikerep Village, Rejoso Subdistrict, Nganjuk Regency aims to improve the quality of education and religious life in order to strengthen community empowerment. This program involves a participatory approach, in which the community plays an active role in planning and implementing various activities that are relevant to their needs. The main focus of this program is the revitalization of religious activities in local mosques and prayer rooms, improving the quality of non-formal education through tutoring, and developing social skills for teenagers through tambourine art training. In addition, this program also seeks to raise community awareness of the importance of education and religious activities as an integral part of daily life. The results achieved show an increase in community participation in religious activities, improved quality of children's education through tutoring, and the creation of more harmonious social relationships among residents. Community empowerment through this program has made an important contribution to creating sustainable social change at the village level.

This narrative review aims to explore the transformation of occupational health and safety (OHS) in the era of healthcare digitalization. The background highlights the increasing complexity of hospital services and the urgent need to integrate digital innovation into OHS programs. The method used was a narrative review based on 32 articles published between 2020 and 2025, selected through systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The findings indicate that digital health technologies, including wearable devices, electronic incident reporting systems, and mobile applications for infection control, significantly enhance the effectiveness of OHS by improving compliance, strengthening safety culture, and reducing hospital-acquired infections and adverse events. Nevertheless, challenges remain regarding infrastructure readiness, digital literacy, and data security. The implications of this study suggest that hospitals and policymakers should consider digital-based OHS strategies as an integral part of patient safety improvement and quality health services.

This study aims to systematically review the effectiveness of occupational health and safety (OHS) programs in improving patient safety in hospitals. The background of this study highlights the importance of occupational safety as an integral part of healthcare quality, where failures in OHS management may not only affect healthcare workers but also directly impact patient outcomes. The method used was a systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA approach, covering articles published between 2020 and 2025. A total of 28 articles were analyzed after a rigorous screening process from 412 initial records across multiple databases. The findings reveal that OHS programs contribute to patient safety through structured training and education, transparent risk management and incident reporting systems, and the establishment of a strong safety culture. These efforts have been shown to reduce adverse events, hospital-acquired infections, and medical errors. The implications of this review highlight that strengthening OHS programs should be considered a strategic component in hospital management to achieve sustainable improvements in patient safety and quality of care.

Personal financial management is an essential skill that needs to be instilled from adolescence to foster healthy and responsible financial behavior. Teenagers are often faced with situations where they must make decisions regarding money, but a lack of understanding and education about finances often leads to consumptive behavior, wastefulness, and a lack of ability to save. However, poor financial habits developed early on can carry over into adulthood and impact a person's future financial situation. Through a Community Service activity conducted by lecturers from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya (FEB UWKS) at SMA Negeri 2 Mojokerto, students were provided with education on accounting-based personal financial management. The material presented covered basic accounting principles, the importance of recording income and expenses, and how to prepare a personal financial budget. The activity methods included counseling, financial recording simulations, budget preparation, and interactive discussions, designed to encourage active participation and practical understanding. The results of the activity showed that students experienced a significant increase in understanding of the importance of financial literacy. They were also able to prepare a simple budget based on needs and priorities using a basic accounting approach. Thus, this activity is expected to make a real contribution to shaping the character, responsibility, and financial independence of the younger generation. Furthermore, similar activities can be extended to other schools to raise financial literacy awareness among students more broadly and sustainably. Furthermore, the involvement of teachers and school administrators in supporting this financial literacy program is also a crucial factor in maintaining students' desire to understand. With synergy between academics, schools, and students, financial education can become an integral part of the learning process, focusing not only on theory but also on practical application in everyday life.

Pendidikan abad ke-21 menuntut adanya pengembangan kognitif sebagai bagian integral dari proses pembelajaran. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif peserta didik penghayat Sapta Darma Kelas 5 di SDN  Samban 2 Kabupaten Semarang, melalui penerapan media puzzle simbol pribadi manusia. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama dua siklus. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini yaitu media belajar puzzle Simbol Pribadi Manusia, sedangkan kemampuan kognitif sebagai variabel terikatnya. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang penggunaan puzzle simbol pribadi manusia dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif peserta didik, khususnya dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan YME dan Budi Pekerti. Data dikumpulkan melalui instrumen penilaian observasi kemampuan kognitif, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data kualitatif meliputi koleksi data, reduksi data, penyajian data yang bersifat naratif dan verifikasi data dengan penarikan kesimpulan yang digunakan untuk menentukan peningkatan kemampuan anak dalam memahami dan menjelaskan makna, warna serta bentuk pada simbol pribadi manusia menggunakan permainan puzzle. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan kognitif peserta didik. Siklus I memperoleh persentase 33% dengan nilai rata-rata 62 meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 100% dengan nilai rata-rata 82,5. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran puzzle Simbol Pribadi Manusia dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif peserta didik.

Mandarin Chinese teaching by non-native teachers is crucial in global education, given the complexity of the language and culture that require in-depth mastery. This study examines the roles, characteristics, challenges, and effective teaching strategies implemented by non-native Mandarin Chinese teachers. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical literature review, this study collected data from accredited journals and books from online databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and national journal portals. The results show that non-native teachers are required to have strong linguistic mastery, comprehensive Mandarin Chinese language skills, a deep understanding of Chinese culture, as well as pedagogical and psychological competencies, including the ability to manage classes and utilize modern technology. Characteristics of effective non-native teachers include sensitivity to observation, critical analysis skills, creativity, good communication, and adaptability. Mandarin Chinese training, such as at LKP AEC Semarang, has proven important to improve the competence of non-native teachers through planned, interactive learning structures and continuous evaluation. A comparison of the effectiveness between native and non-native teachers shows differences; native teachers excel in language mastery and higher student grades, while non-native teachers are more effective in explaining the material in depth with patience. The role of non-native teachers is crucial and integral, encompassing motivator, facilitator, role model, learning designer, and evaluator. Non-native teachers also face challenges such as pronunciation and writing difficulties, limited media resources, lack of confidence, and cultural differences. Solutions include the use of digital media, interactive learning strategies, and professional training. Overall, non-native teachers play a fundamental role in Mandarin Chinese language teaching and have the potential for success. With a strong foundation of materials, innovative strategies, adequate training support, and high self-confidence, they can enhance student interest and understanding, although challenges must be addressed strategically.  

Tofu is one of the most widely consumed foodstuffs in Indonesia, enjoyed by nearly all social groups due to its affordability, nutritional value, and availability. As a processed product derived from soybeans, tofu has been an integral part of Indonesian diets for generations, with its consumption evenly distributed across regions. This study focuses on analyzing tofu consumption patterns in the Tenggarong sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, while specifically examining the influence of tofu and tempeh prices on tofu demand. Tempeh is included in the analysis as a comparative product due to its similarity in raw materials and market segment. The research employs a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression to determine the effect of the independent variables—price of tofu (X1) and price of tempeh (X2)—on the dependent variable, tofu demand (Y). Data were collected from relevant local sources through market surveys and secondary data records. The results indicate that both X1 and X2 have a measurable influence on Y, as reflected in the regression equation: Y = -50,178.37 + 20.48X1 + 2,488.09X2. The positive coefficient for tofu price suggests that, contrary to typical demand theory, an increase in tofu price in this specific market segment is associated with higher demand, which may indicate the influence of perceived quality or brand loyalty. Similarly, the positive coefficient for tempeh price implies that as tempeh becomes more expensive, consumers may substitute it with tofu, thereby increasing tofu demand. These findings highlight unique consumer behavior patterns in Tenggarong that may be influenced by cultural preferences, income stability, and market conditions. The study concludes that price dynamics between tofu and its substitute product, tempeh, play a significant role in shaping tofu consumption.

The topics of morphology, anatomy, and physiology are integral to biology learning, yet they often present challenges for students due to their abstract and complex nature. Difficulties in understanding body structures and invisible biological processes lead to low student interest and engagement. This study aims to identify innovative learning approaches through an analysis of national scientific literature over the past decade. The results show that the integration of digital technology and student-centered learning methods can improve conceptual understanding and learning motivation. The most prominent innovations include the use of VR and AR-based media to clarify visualizations, the use of interactive videos and simulations to explain biological functions, and the application of contextual learning models such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Project-Based Learning (PjBL). These approaches have proven effective in creating a more immersive learning experience that is relevant to students' needs.